Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of using quality control circle(QCC)techniques to reduce the cost of non-priced consumables in medical oncology.Methods:Analytic statistics were compiled on the performance a...Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of using quality control circle(QCC)techniques to reduce the cost of non-priced consumables in medical oncology.Methods:Analytic statistics were compiled on the performance appraisal form.Aiming at the key points of improvement with respect to the excess cost of non-valuable consumables,the reasons were analyzed,and corresponding measures were formulated to compare the cost before and after the improvement.Results:After the QCC activity,the cost of non-priced consumables decreased from RMB 6.57/bed day to RMB 3.96/bed day.Conclusion:QCC has effectively reduced the cost of non-priced consumables in the oncology department,and it is worthy of promotion.展开更多
The issue of water scarcity highlights the importance of watershed management. A sound watershed manage- ment should make all water users share the incurred cost. This study analyzes the optimal allocation of watershe...The issue of water scarcity highlights the importance of watershed management. A sound watershed manage- ment should make all water users share the incurred cost. This study analyzes the optimal allocation of watershed management cost among different water users. As a consumable, water should be allocated to different users the amounts in which their marginal utilities (MUs) or marginal products (MPs) of water are equal. The value of MUs or MPs equals the water price that the watershed manager charges. When water is simultaneously used as consumable and non- consumable, the watershed manager produces the quantity of water in which the sum of MUs and/or MPs for the two types of uses equals the marginal cost of water production. Each water user should share the portion of watershed management cost in the percentage that his MU or MP accounts for the sum of MUs and/or MPs. Thus, the price of consumable water does not equal the marginal cost of water production even if there is no public good.展开更多
This research is aimed to develop a consumer demanding side response model to assist electricity consumers to mitigate peak demands during the peak season. The main contribution of this research is showing that consum...This research is aimed to develop a consumer demanding side response model to assist electricity consumers to mitigate peak demands during the peak season. The main contribution of this research is showing that consumers can mitigate peak demands by optimizing energy costs of an air conditioner(AC) when a spike happens. It may only occur in a one and a half hours spike during the peak season. This model also investigates how AC applies the pre-cooling method when there is a substantial risk of a price spike. The results indicate that the potential benefit of the model is achieving energy savings for consumers and aggregators,also reducing electricity bills for the consumers. The model is tested with selected characteristics of the room,and based on the standard room in a residential house in Makassar, a city of Indonesia.展开更多
文摘Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of using quality control circle(QCC)techniques to reduce the cost of non-priced consumables in medical oncology.Methods:Analytic statistics were compiled on the performance appraisal form.Aiming at the key points of improvement with respect to the excess cost of non-valuable consumables,the reasons were analyzed,and corresponding measures were formulated to compare the cost before and after the improvement.Results:After the QCC activity,the cost of non-priced consumables decreased from RMB 6.57/bed day to RMB 3.96/bed day.Conclusion:QCC has effectively reduced the cost of non-priced consumables in the oncology department,and it is worthy of promotion.
文摘The issue of water scarcity highlights the importance of watershed management. A sound watershed manage- ment should make all water users share the incurred cost. This study analyzes the optimal allocation of watershed management cost among different water users. As a consumable, water should be allocated to different users the amounts in which their marginal utilities (MUs) or marginal products (MPs) of water are equal. The value of MUs or MPs equals the water price that the watershed manager charges. When water is simultaneously used as consumable and non- consumable, the watershed manager produces the quantity of water in which the sum of MUs and/or MPs for the two types of uses equals the marginal cost of water production. Each water user should share the portion of watershed management cost in the percentage that his MU or MP accounts for the sum of MUs and/or MPs. Thus, the price of consumable water does not equal the marginal cost of water production even if there is no public good.
基金supported by Ministy of Research,Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia
文摘This research is aimed to develop a consumer demanding side response model to assist electricity consumers to mitigate peak demands during the peak season. The main contribution of this research is showing that consumers can mitigate peak demands by optimizing energy costs of an air conditioner(AC) when a spike happens. It may only occur in a one and a half hours spike during the peak season. This model also investigates how AC applies the pre-cooling method when there is a substantial risk of a price spike. The results indicate that the potential benefit of the model is achieving energy savings for consumers and aggregators,also reducing electricity bills for the consumers. The model is tested with selected characteristics of the room,and based on the standard room in a residential house in Makassar, a city of Indonesia.
