Field survey of a sustainable sanitation system in a residential house

Sustainable sanitation is an approach for more ecological and sustainable water resources management. In this paper, we proposed one of the new integrated waste treatment systems： an ＂sustainable sanitation system＂ that includes separation of the black water from water system by a non-flushing toilet （bio-toilet）, and a gray water treatment based on a biological and ecological concept. Sustainable sanitation system also converts the domestic waste to soil conditioners and fertilizers, for farmland use. As one of the case studies, Environmentally Symbiotic Housing in which people actually live using the bio-toilet for the black water treatment and the household wastewater treatment facility for the gray water was introduced. The availability of this system was investigated by analyzing the sawdust used in the bio-toilet and the quality of the effluent in the household wastewater treatment facility. As the result, the water content of the sawdust did not exceed 60% in any of the sampling points and the BOD and COD of the effluent of the household wastewater treatment facility were below 10 and 20 mg/L respectively, due to the low loading. Compared to the pollution load on the water environment created by the conventional system, it was found that the effluent of the house has a lower load than the tertiary treatment and the volume of the water consumption is 75% of the conventional system.

某纯电动扫洗车能耗分析及能量管理策略研究

分析纯电动扫洗车的能耗机理,研究能量管理策略(EMS)以提升整车能耗经济性、优化作业效能。采集某纯电动扫洗车典型工况数据,统计分析各车载部件能耗特性,建立作业电机功率需求模型;根据驾驶员操作逻辑,提出基于规则的EMS;建立了纯电动扫洗车多目标优化方法,获得了规则策略中逻辑门限值的优化解,提出了基于改进规则的EMS;从清扫效果和整车能耗等角度评价了基于规则EMS和基于改进规则EMS的性能。结果表明,该纯电动扫洗车主要耗电设备为作业电机和驱动电机,二者占总能耗的89%;相对于基于规则的EMS,改进的EMS能够完成清扫任务并使整车电耗降低11.52%,作业时间缩短10.47%。

基于MSP430的智能洁具控制系统的设计

本文介绍了一种基于MSP430系列单片机的智能洁具控制系统,论述了该系统的控制模式、电路硬件组成以及系统软件设计。本设计着眼于系统的低功耗及可靠性,从硬件和软件两个方面采取了相应措施。系统整体功耗低,运行可靠,使用安全方便。

新型玉米压片烘干冷却机的结构设计和应用

为降低玉米压片烘干冷却过程中的蒸汽能耗,提高设备内部的卫生等级,开发了一款新型玉米压片烘干冷却一体机,对关键风路进行了优化设计,对关键结构进行了清洁卫生设计,以弥补现有烘干冷却设备的不足。与现有烘干冷却设备相比,这款新型玉米压片烘干冷却机的蒸汽能耗节约25%,粉尘残留率减少约10%。

2019—2022年北京某三级中医医院新冠疫情前后院内上呼吸道感染率变化

目的 分析和比较新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)大流行前后院内上呼吸道感染率的变化及其特点,探索其与卫生用品使用量的相关性。方法 回顾性分析北京中医医院2019年1月—2022年12月住院患者病历资料与卫生用品使用量,描述院内上呼吸道感染情况,应用Pearson或Spearman相关性分析方法分析院内上呼吸道感染率与卫生用品使用量的关系。结果 2019—2022年的院内上呼吸道感染率从0.14%降至0.04%。内科组(70.69%)感染占比大于外科组(17.24%)。针一科(13.79%)、针二科(12.07%)、骨科(10.34%)院内上呼吸道感染占比较高。67.24%的院内上呼吸道感染无病原学结果,25.85%为院内获得的流行性感冒。院内上呼吸道季度感染率与手消液、洗手液、消毒湿巾、医用外科口罩、医用防护口罩季度使用量之间呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 COVID-19疫情期间院内上呼吸道感染率较前降低,与医院采取的高强度防控措施相关。后疫情时代应结合上呼吸道感染特征调整防控措施,保持医院感染的防控成果。