The article seeks to examine the East Look Policy(ELP)in Iran’s Foreign Policy(IFP)(2005-2013).We believe that states,due to different factors,may adopt different policies in their FP.So,the main research question is...The article seeks to examine the East Look Policy(ELP)in Iran’s Foreign Policy(IFP)(2005-2013).We believe that states,due to different factors,may adopt different policies in their FP.So,the main research question is:Why did Iranian state adopt ELP in its FP in duration of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad era?With regard to the question,our hypothesis is“there are some factors in Iran’s internal environment that we called them micro-level factors and some variable in external environment that we called them macro-level variables in formation of ELP in IFP”.To prove this hypothesis,we use James Rosenau’s foreign policy theory that has been stood on two micro-and macrolevel analysis to examination of FP of any state.Regarding Rosenau’s theory,there are four factors on micro-level include:individual of policy-maker,his/her role in political system,social values,and governmental structure.In addition,in macro-level,there are some variables,such as the logic of anarchy,the action of other states(especially US),and nuclear sanctions imposed by the US and Western nations.展开更多
On-site stormwater detention (OSD) is a conventional component of urban drainage systems, designed with the intention of mitigating the increase to peak discharge of stormwater runoff that inevitably results from urba...On-site stormwater detention (OSD) is a conventional component of urban drainage systems, designed with the intention of mitigating the increase to peak discharge of stormwater runoff that inevitably results from urbanization. In Australia, singular temporal patterns for design storms have governed the inputs of hydrograph generation and in turn the design process of OSD for the last three decades. This paper raises the concern that many existing OSD systems designed using the singular temporal pattern for design storms may not be achieving their stated objectives when they are assessed against a variety of alternative temporal patterns. The performance of twenty real OSD systems was investigated using two methods:(1) ensembles of design temporal patterns prescribed in the latest version of Australian Rainfall and Runoff, and (2) real recorded rainfall data taken from pluviograph stations modeled with continuous simulation. It is shown conclusively that the use of singular temporal patterns is ineffective in providing assurance that an OSD will mitigate the increase to peak discharge for all possible storm events. Ensemble analysis is shown to provide improved results. However, it also falls short of providing any guarantee in the face of naturally occurring rainfall.展开更多
The analysis approach of semi-active control for long-span rigid-continuous bridge under seismic travelling wave input is established. Magnetorheological dampers are set on the positions of the bridge beatings. The se...The analysis approach of semi-active control for long-span rigid-continuous bridge under seismic travelling wave input is established. Magnetorheological dampers are set on the positions of the bridge beatings. The semi-active control calculation and analysis are performed for a five-span rigid-continuous bridge under seismic travelling waves with different apparent surface velocities. The results indicate that travelling wave effect remarkably influences the uncontrolled seismic responses, the semi-active control seismic responses and vibration control effects for the long-span rigid-continuous bridge. It is disadvantageous to the responses of the beams and the piers under the travelling wave input with lower apparent surface velocity, and travelling wave effect can decrease the vibration control effects evidently. Therefore, the travelling wave effect should be considered for the selection of the parameter values of semi-active control system in order to get the designing control effect.展开更多
After water,tea is the second mostconsumed beverage in the world and it has been enjoyed for centuries.Tea production began in China but soon spread to other parts of Asia.When European explorers,such as Marco Polo,ca...After water,tea is the second mostconsumed beverage in the world and it has been enjoyed for centuries.Tea production began in China but soon spread to other parts of Asia.When European explorers,such as Marco Polo,came across the satisfying beverage on their travel,they sparked a demand for tea worldwide that has continued to grow,in spite of the competition from soft drinks and coffee.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variants of concern(VOCs)now arise in the context of heterogeneous human connectivity and population immunity.Through a large-scale phylodynamic analysis of 1...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variants of concern(VOCs)now arise in the context of heterogeneous human connectivity and population immunity.Through a large-scale phylodynamic analysis of 115,622 Omicron BA.1 genomes,we identified>6,000 introductions of the antigenically distinct VOC into England and analyzed their local transmission and dispersal history.We find that six of the eight largest English Omicron lineages were already transmitting when Omicron was first reported in southern Africa(22 November 2021).Multiple datasets show that importation of Omicron continued despite subsequent restrictions on travel from southern Africa as a result of export from well-connected secondary locations.Initiation and dispersal of Omicron transmission lineages in England was a two-stage process that can be explained by models of the country's human geography and hierarchical travel network.Our results enable a comparison of the processes that drive the invasion of Omicron and other VOCs across multiple spatial scales.展开更多
文摘The article seeks to examine the East Look Policy(ELP)in Iran’s Foreign Policy(IFP)(2005-2013).We believe that states,due to different factors,may adopt different policies in their FP.So,the main research question is:Why did Iranian state adopt ELP in its FP in duration of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad era?With regard to the question,our hypothesis is“there are some factors in Iran’s internal environment that we called them micro-level factors and some variable in external environment that we called them macro-level variables in formation of ELP in IFP”.To prove this hypothesis,we use James Rosenau’s foreign policy theory that has been stood on two micro-and macrolevel analysis to examination of FP of any state.Regarding Rosenau’s theory,there are four factors on micro-level include:individual of policy-maker,his/her role in political system,social values,and governmental structure.In addition,in macro-level,there are some variables,such as the logic of anarchy,the action of other states(especially US),and nuclear sanctions imposed by the US and Western nations.
文摘On-site stormwater detention (OSD) is a conventional component of urban drainage systems, designed with the intention of mitigating the increase to peak discharge of stormwater runoff that inevitably results from urbanization. In Australia, singular temporal patterns for design storms have governed the inputs of hydrograph generation and in turn the design process of OSD for the last three decades. This paper raises the concern that many existing OSD systems designed using the singular temporal pattern for design storms may not be achieving their stated objectives when they are assessed against a variety of alternative temporal patterns. The performance of twenty real OSD systems was investigated using two methods:(1) ensembles of design temporal patterns prescribed in the latest version of Australian Rainfall and Runoff, and (2) real recorded rainfall data taken from pluviograph stations modeled with continuous simulation. It is shown conclusively that the use of singular temporal patterns is ineffective in providing assurance that an OSD will mitigate the increase to peak discharge for all possible storm events. Ensemble analysis is shown to provide improved results. However, it also falls short of providing any guarantee in the face of naturally occurring rainfall.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (50439030)
文摘The analysis approach of semi-active control for long-span rigid-continuous bridge under seismic travelling wave input is established. Magnetorheological dampers are set on the positions of the bridge beatings. The semi-active control calculation and analysis are performed for a five-span rigid-continuous bridge under seismic travelling waves with different apparent surface velocities. The results indicate that travelling wave effect remarkably influences the uncontrolled seismic responses, the semi-active control seismic responses and vibration control effects for the long-span rigid-continuous bridge. It is disadvantageous to the responses of the beams and the piers under the travelling wave input with lower apparent surface velocity, and travelling wave effect can decrease the vibration control effects evidently. Therefore, the travelling wave effect should be considered for the selection of the parameter values of semi-active control system in order to get the designing control effect.
文摘After water,tea is the second mostconsumed beverage in the world and it has been enjoyed for centuries.Tea production began in China but soon spread to other parts of Asia.When European explorers,such as Marco Polo,came across the satisfying beverage on their travel,they sparked a demand for tea worldwide that has continued to grow,in spite of the competition from soft drinks and coffee.
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variants of concern(VOCs)now arise in the context of heterogeneous human connectivity and population immunity.Through a large-scale phylodynamic analysis of 115,622 Omicron BA.1 genomes,we identified>6,000 introductions of the antigenically distinct VOC into England and analyzed their local transmission and dispersal history.We find that six of the eight largest English Omicron lineages were already transmitting when Omicron was first reported in southern Africa(22 November 2021).Multiple datasets show that importation of Omicron continued despite subsequent restrictions on travel from southern Africa as a result of export from well-connected secondary locations.Initiation and dispersal of Omicron transmission lineages in England was a two-stage process that can be explained by models of the country's human geography and hierarchical travel network.Our results enable a comparison of the processes that drive the invasion of Omicron and other VOCs across multiple spatial scales.
