Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis telemonitoring and education:A scoping review

The risk of peritonitis complications in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD)can be prevented or reduced by providing proper education and continuous monitoring.Telemedicine and telemonitoring are methods that enable remote monitoring and patient care.This study aimed to determine the success and factors affecting telemonitoring in CAPD patient care.This study is a scoping review(ScR)using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-ScR method.Article searches were carried out on ProQuest,PubMed,and ScienceDirect with a time range of 2018-2023.Data extraction was performed regarding knowledge level,quality of life,clinical outcomes(peritonitis),and risk of hospitalization.Of the 12 articles and studies included,6 articles were related to the effect of telemonitoring on CAPD patient outcomes,and 6 articles were associated with the effect of education on CAPD patient outcomes.Education provided to patients can improve patient understanding of therapeutic modalities for renal disorders,reduce the potential for peritonitis and dialysis complications,and improve the quality of life of patients with CAPD.CAPD patients who received telemonitoring had a better quality of life,good clinical outcomes,and a lower risk of hospitalization than those who did not receive telemonitoring and had fewer health-care visits.In summary,the implementation of telemonitoring and education in chronic kidney disease patients with CAPD modality therapy has been proven effective in improving quality of life and reducing dialysis-related risks.

Laparoscopic-assisted catheter insertion for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis:A case report of simple technique for optimal placement

A 40-year-old male underwent tube placement surgery for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD).A2-cm skin incision was made,and the peritoneum was reflected enough to perform secure fixation.A swannecked,double-felted silicone CAPD catheter was inserted,and the felt cuff was sutured to the peritoneum to avoid postoperative leakage.An adequate gradient for tube fixation to the abdominal wall was confirmed.The CAPD tube was passed through a subcutaneous tunnel.Aeroperitoneum was induced to confirm that there was no air leakage from the sites of CAPD insertion.Two trocars were placed,and we confirmed that the CAPD tube led to the rectovesical pouch.Tip position was reliably observed laparoscopically.Optimal patency of the CAPD tube was confirmed during surgery.Placement of CAPD catheters by laparoscopic-assisted surgery has clear advantages in simplicity,safety,flexibility,and certainty.Laparoscopic technique should be considered the first choice for CAPD tube insertion.

Peritonitis due to <i>Geotrichum candidum</i>in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

This paper is a report of a 34-year-old man with chronic renal failure undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis which developed peritonitis due to Geotricum candidum. The diagnosis was established by culture of dialysis fluid. The purpose of this report is to provide data on a fungal peritonitis due to a non-common agent.

Influence of peritoneal transfer status on fasting blood glucose in non-diabetic nephropathy patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Background Extra glucose load in peritoneal dialysis is an important cause of newly-occurred diabetic mellitus, which initiates insulin treatment in some of the dialytic patients. The purpose of this study was to discuss the influence of the peritoneal transfer status on fasting blood glucose in non-diabetic nephropathy patients who are on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis （CAPD）. Methods One hundred and forty-five patients with total KTN per week over 2.0 were recruited, including 60 males and 85 females. Fasting blood glucose （FBG）, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, blood albumin, blood lipid profile and blood C-reactive protein （CRP） were analyzed at the beginning of the peritoneal dialysis and after 12 months. A peritoneal equilibration test （PET） was carried out at the 3rd month of CAPD, and meantime residual renal function, peritoneal solute clearance rate, ultrafiltration volume and urine volume were also evaluated. Results Twenty-one cases were identified as a low transfer group （L）, 32 cases as a low average transfer group （LA）, 58 cases as a high average transfer group （HA） and 34 cases as a high transfer group （H）. At the end of the 12th month, 83 cases had elevated FBG. Through stepwise multiple regression analysis we found the FBG level in these patients was positively related to glucose load and CRP, and negatively related to glucose absorption in the peritoneum （D/D0） and blood albumin （P 〈0.05）. Kaplan-Meier analysis during a 48-month follow-up found the morbidity of hyperglycemia to be 17/34 cases （50.1%） in the high transfer group, 20/58 cases （34.5%） in the high average transfer group, 11/32 cases （34.3%） in the low average transfer group, and 1/21 cases （5.4%） in the low transfer group. Conclusions Patients with high peritoneal transfer capacity might have the highest morbidity from hyperglycemia among patients with these four different peritoneal transfer status. Glucose load, baseline CRP and FBG level before peritoneal dialysis, and D/D0 can efficiently predict hyperglycemia in CAPD patients.

Effect of Continuous Nursing Model on Nursing Effect of Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis

Objective:To analyze and study the effect of continuous nursing mode for continuous peritoneal dialysis nursing.Methods:40 patients with continuous peritoneal dialysis received in our hospital were randomly selected as the research object.The research time was from June 2018 to June 2020.The patients were divided into two groups by random number table method.The patients with routine nursing mode were named as the control group and the patients with continuous nursing mode were named as the observation group(20 cases in each group).The clinical nursing effects of different nursing modes are compared.Results:After nursing,the nursing compliance of the observation group was 95%,which was higher than 70% of the control group.There was significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).Comparing the blood routine related indexes of the two groups,the blood potassium,hemoglobin,serum creatinine and carbon dioxide binding force of the observation group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of peritonitis and rehospitalization rate in half a year in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The continuous nursing model for patients undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis can improve the treatment effect of patients,significantly improve the compliance of patients,significantly improve the serological indexes,promote the health of patients,reduce the incidence of peritonitis,and significantly reduce the rehospitalization rate in half a year.It has a broad prospect of clinical promotion.

RESEARCH ON A REAL-TIME CONTROL SYSTEM OF LOW POWER DISSIPATION FOR CONTINUOUS CYCLIC PERITONEAL DIALYSIS(CCPD) CYCLER

A low power dissipation control system for continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) cycler and its characteristics are reported. Combined withhemodialysis and renal transplantation, peritoneal dialysis is used mainly for thetreatment of renal failure. CCPD has been developed during 1980＇s. It provided automatic dialysis procedures during the night to avoid interruptions in patients＇dailyroutine. Furthermore,there is a remarkable decrease in peritonitis occurance usingCCPD. The control system is a critical part for CCPD cycler. The system is approvedto be reliable and flexible in practical experiments. When AC power failure,the system can still ensure the completion of dialysis.

TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS DUE TO PERITONEAL DIALYSIS FOR CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE WITH TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

In this paper,the experience in the treatment of complications due to continuousambulatory peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is reported.Modified Renshen Yangrong Tang(Ginseng Nutrition Decoction)wasused for anorexia and hypoproteinemia;modified Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang(Decoction ofCyperus and Amomum with Six Noble Ingredients)for abdominal pain and distension;modified Da Chaihu Tang(Major Bupleurum Decoction)for peritonitis;modifiedShenling Baizhu San(Powder of Ginseng,Poria and Atractylodes)for diarrhea due toinsufficiency of the spleen with abundance of dampness;Lizhong Tang(Decoction forRegulating the Function of Middle-jiao)and modified Sishen Wan(Pills of FourMiraculous Drugs)for insufficiency of both the spleen and the kidney;Siwu Tang(Decoction of Four Ingredients)added with other drugs for cutaneous pruritus,andGuishao Sijunzi Tang(Decoction of Four Noble Drugs added with Chinese Angelica Rootand white Peony Root)for renal anemia.The therapeutic principles of invigorating theliver and kidney,strengthening the bones and muscles,and promoting blood circulation toeliminate blood stasis were adopted in the treatment of renal osteopathy,and thetherapeutic principles of invigorating the liver and kidney,expelling phlegm and resolvingdampness,and promoting blood circulation to eliminate blood stasis in the treatment ofhyperlipemia.Shen Tekang capsules(capsules for improving the renal function)wasadministered to patients for strengthening the viability and improving the nutrition state,and the recipe for treating renal function failure(both formulated by the authors)forimproving the renal function so as to decrease the frequency and duration of dialysis.

Association between endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the association between endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD)patients.Methods Ninety-four stable CAPD patients from a single center were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.Ultrasound evaluation was conducted on brachial artery to estimate

Preventive effect of continuous quality improvement on the malnutrition,inflammation,peritoneal dialysis adequacy and cardiovascular events in elderly peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of continuous quality improvement (CQI) on malnutrition,inflammation,peritoneal dialysis adequacy and cardiovascular events in elderly patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.Methods A single-center prospective self-controlled study was performed.32 stable elderly patients to undergo continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were included.The continuous quality improvement program was conducted by using the 4-step

Successfully managing a rapidly growing peritoneal dialysis program in Southern China

Background The maximal use of the limited resource to improve peritoneal dialysis （PD） penetration and clinical outcomes is a challenge for all PD centers. In this study, we reported the experience and outcomes in successfully managing a rapidly growing PD center in Southern China. Methods A standard PD program with a team consisted of 6 nephrologists （3 doctors were in charge of catheter insertion and in-patients care, the other 3 doctors focused on PD patients＇ follow-up and education） and 11 nurses in a PD center at Sun Yat-sen University was established for PD patients follow-up in 2005. A prospective and observational study was conducted in all patients undergoing continuous ambulatory PD （CAPD） at our center from January 1,2006 to December 31,2009. Results The yearly number of prevalent CAPD patients was 297, 409, 547 and 695 in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. The PD catheter insertion was performed by the nephrologists with open surgical procedure and 94% of catheters were patent at one year. In 841 incident CAPD patients, the survival rates at the end of 1,2, 3 and 4 years were 94%, 87%, 83% and 76%, respectively, while cumulative technique survival rates （death-censored） were 98%, 95%, 91% and 90%, respectively. Peritonitis rate was 1/68.5 patient months. Conclusions Better patient and technical survival rates as well as lower peritonitis episode have been achieved in our rapidly growing PD center. A standardized PD program, well-trained team members of PD doctors and nurses, and continuous quality improvement of PD are important elements in managing a successful PD program.

Application and management of continuous glucose monitoring in diabetic kidney disease

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that contributes to the risk of end-stage kidney disease(ESKD).Wide glycemic var-iations,such as hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia,are broadly found in diabetic patients with DKD and especially ESKD,as a result of impaired renal metabolism.It is essential to monitor glycemia for effective management of DKD.Hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)has long been considered as the gold standard for monitoring glycemia for>3 months.However,assessment of HbA1c has some bias as it is susceptible to factors such as anemia and liver or kidney dysfunction.Continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)has provided new insights on glycemic assessment and management.CGM directly measures glucose level in interstitial fluid,reports real-time or retrospective glucose concentration,and provides multiple glycemic metrics.It avoids the pitfalls of HbA1c in some contexts,and may serve as a precise alternative to estimation of mean glucose and glycemic variability.Emerging studies have demonstrated the merits of CGM for precise monitoring,which allows fine-tuning of glycemic management in diabetic patients.Therefore,CGM technology has the potential for better glycemic monitoring in DKD patients.More research is needed to explore its application and management in different stages of DKD,including hemodialysis,peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation.

Analysis of microbial spectrum and antibiotic resistance in patients of peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis

Objective To investigate the microbial spectrum and antibiotic resistance of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD)related peritonitis and guide the clinical rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods A retrospective analysis was made of CAPD related peritonitis in236 cases with peritoneal dialysate culture results in

持续性非卧床腹膜透析肾性贫血患者中医证型分布特征及相关性研究

目的:探讨持续性非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)合并肾性贫血患者中医证型分布特征及与各指标的关系。方法:选取292例在安徽中医药大学第一附属医院行CAPD治疗且时间大于3个月患者,收集患者人口学特征及临床资料,依据住院期间是否发生贫血分为肾性贫血组(n=274)和非肾性贫血组(n=292),比较两组性别、年龄、实验室指标等因素的关系,并观察肾性贫血组中医证型分型特征。结果:所有患者中本虚证、标实证分布分别以脾肾气虚证、血瘀证占比最多。透析龄、天门冬氨基转移酶、血白蛋白、血总钙、超敏C反应蛋白、甲状旁腺素、血红蛋白在本虚证中分布情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),甲状旁腺素在标实证中分布情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归显示,血白蛋白是CAPD合并肾性贫血患者的保护因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),血肌酐是CAPD合并肾性贫血患者的危险因素(P<0.05);受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)显示,血白蛋白预测CAPD合并肾性贫血的最佳截断值为33.95 g/L,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.821,灵敏度为68.6%,特异性为88.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血肌酐预测CAPD合并肾性贫血的最佳截断值为638.10μmol/L,AUC为0.722,灵敏度为69.7%,特异性为66.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);二者联合预测CAPD合并肾性贫血的AUC为0.889,灵敏度为89.9%,特异性为78.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:CAPD肾性贫血患者中医证型的分布以脾肾气虚证、血瘀证为主,透析龄、天门冬氨基转移酶、血白蛋白、血总钙、超敏C反应蛋白、甲状旁腺素、血红蛋白在中医证型中的分布具有差异性。血白蛋白、血肌酐可作为预测CAPD患者合并肾性贫血的指标之一,且二者联合检测准确度更高。

内脏脂肪面积对腹膜透析病人心肺耐力的影响

目的探讨持续非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)病人心肺耐力与内脏脂肪面积的相关性。方法共纳入2021年5月至2022年10月于徐州医科大学附属医院进行规律CAPD的52例病人,进行心肺耐力(CRF)及内脏脂肪面积(VFA)相关指标测量,以峰值耗氧量(Peak VO2)为CRF金标准,将病人分为CRF轻度受损组(Peak VO2≥20 mL·kg^(−1)·min^(−1))及CRF中重度受损组(Peak VO2<20 mL·kg^(−1)·min^(−1))。分析两组间VFA及临床指标有无差异性,探讨CRF独立危险因素。结果CRF中重度受损组VFA、脂肪组织指数、浮肿指数(ECW/TBW)、空腹血糖及三酰甘油显著高于CRF轻度受损组,CRF中重度受损组VFA为73.95(59.83,107.03)cm2,CRF轻度受损组VFA为50.75(40.68,56.85)cm2,而转铁蛋白饱和度显著低于轻度受损组(均P<0.05)。通过Pearson与Spearman相关分析发现Peak VO2分别与脂肪组织指数、内脏脂肪面积、浮肿指数、空腹血糖、CRP、糖尿病状态、服用降脂药呈负相关(均P<0.05),与转铁蛋白饱和度(r=0.32,P=0.021)呈正相关。骨骼肌指数与Peak VO2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。将单因素回归分析中P<0.05的指标纳入到多元线性回归分析中,发现内脏脂肪面积(β=−0.40,P=0.002)、尿素清除指数(kt/V)(β=0.31,P=0.013)及糖尿病状态(β=−0.38,P=0.026)为CRF的独立风险因素。结论内脏脂肪面积、尿素清除指数及患有糖尿病为CAPD病人低心肺耐力独立风险因素,内脏脂肪面积对心肺耐力的影响更大,加强内脏脂肪的管理可减少CAPD病人心血管疾病。

持续非卧床腹膜透析患者自我管理能力现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查持续非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者的自我管理能力现状并分析其影响因素。方法 采用方便抽样法,选取2023年1月至4月于西安交通大学第二附属医院透析室完成CAPD患者159例为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、CAPD患者自我管理量表进行调查,采用单因素及多元线性回归分析CAPD患者自我管理能力的影响因素。结果 CAPD患者自我管理能力总分为(53.78±14.79)分。不同年龄、文化程度、职业、家庭月收入、居住地、透析龄、每日透析袋数、寻求医护帮助次数、发生过腹膜炎和出口处感染、擅自用药和停药的CAPD患者自我管理能力得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄、文化程度、家庭月收入、透析龄、寻求医护帮助次数、发生过腹膜炎为CAPD患者自我管理能力的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 CAPD患者的自我管理水平还有待提高,医护人员应采用适合实际情况的措施干预其影响因素,不断提高患者的自我管理能力。

持续非卧床腹膜透析患者低蛋白血症的影响因素分析

目的:分析持续非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者低蛋白血症的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月—2022年12月玉林市第一人民医院收治的CAPD患者,按血清白蛋白水平分为低蛋白组(n=132)和正常蛋白组(n=215),比较两组临床资料,使用Logistic回归分析模型分析低蛋白血症的危险因素。结果:低蛋白组的血清白蛋白、左室射血分数、白细胞、血红蛋白、球蛋白、前白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和血钙水平低于正常蛋白组,24 h腹透液蛋白浓度、24 h腹透液蛋白总量高于正常蛋白组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,左室射血分数、血红蛋白、前白蛋白和甘油三酯下降是CAPD患者低蛋白血症的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:CAPD患者低蛋白血症发生率较高。左室射血分数、血红蛋白、前白蛋白和甘油三酯下降是CAPD患者低蛋白血症的影响因素。积极预防和治疗心力衰竭与心肌重构,纠正贫血,进行营养评估和干预,以预防低蛋白血症的发生。

不同腹膜透析方式下患者及照护者生命质量差异的混合方法研究

目的探讨持续性非卧床腹膜透析(continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,CAPD)与自动腹膜透析(automated peritoneal dialysis,APD)患者和照护者生命质量的差异。方法基于聚敛式设计的混合方法,于2020年8-10月对江苏省昆山市医疗机构中189名透析患者采用肾病专用生命质量量表(KDQOL-36)进行整群抽样调查,采用健康状况调查问卷简表(SF-36)对130名照护者进行方便抽样调查。通过t检验比较不同透析方式的患者生命质量差异和照护者生命质量差异。同时对13名患者和照护者进行半结构化访谈,通过主题分析法了解其生命质量主观体验。结果APD患者生命质量在PCS和KDCS分量表的得分均高于CAPD患者,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为-9.35和-13.54,P<0.05)。APD照护者生命质量的PCS和MCS得分均高于CAPD照护者,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为-7.19和-2.41,P<0.05)。访谈结果发现,选择APD的患者和照护者社会参与体验更佳。结论APD患者和照护者生命质量更优,且APD技术对于提升患者社会参与、减轻照护负担有重要作用。

“互联网+护理”背景下居家腹膜透析患者延续护理研究进展

国外基于互联网+腹膜透析(PD)延续护理的研究主要集中于产品的研发和居家应用方面,国内主要通过远程居家PD健康管理服务平台、云随访、社交媒介-微信平台开展延续护理服务的研究。每种研究方法和技术都有其特点和适用范围。在选择适合的方法和技术时,需要考虑研究目的、研究对象和资源可行性等因素。同时,还应对技术的可操作性和患者接受度进行评估。虽国内互联网+PD延续护理服务在多方面存在不足,但其对居家PD患者的自我管理、生活质量、治疗效果及社会经济效益等方面的影响潜力巨大,亟待进一步探索优化。建议在腹膜透析互联网+延续护理的应用研究上,可以在技术应用和平台展示方面增加功能性的探索,以促进互联网+延续护理的实际应用和推广。本文进行文献信息综合,介绍相关概念、PD延续护理研究现状在应用研究方面不同研究方法和技术的优缺点及当前该领域研究普遍反映的问题,综述当前国内外基于“互联网+护理”背景下居家PD延续护理的研究现状,为深入推进国内在居家PD患者延续护理方面的研究提供指导建议和参考。

腹膜透析桥接连续性肾脏替代治疗高氨血症、肝功能衰竭及脓毒症新生儿1例报告

1病例资料患儿男,因“出生后4 d,反应差1 d,新生儿高氨血症”于2021年12月2日收入我院。2021年11月28日,患儿于胎龄39+1周在当地医院经剖宫产出生。否认脐带、胎盘、羊水异常,否认宫内窘迫,否认窒息史,Apgar评分10-10-10。

基线腹膜转运特性对CAPD患者腹膜蛋白丢失、生存率及腹膜炎发生率的影响

目的:观察基线腹膜转运特性对持续不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者腹膜蛋白丢失、腹膜炎发生率及生存率的影响。方法:回顾性分析2014年01月—2021年01月在我院行腹膜透析手术并规律CAPD治疗≥1年的91例患者作为研究对象,根据术后首次的腹膜平衡试验(PET)结果,将患者分为4组:高转运组(H)、高平均转运组(HA)、低平均转运组(LA)及低转运组(L),比较各组腹膜蛋白清除率(PrC)及腹膜炎发生率,分析终末期肾脏病(ESRD)不同原发病与其基线腹膜转运特性之间的关系。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线比较HT组(H和HA)和LT组(LA和L)患者的生存情况。结果:PrC水平在H、HA、LA及L四组间存在显著差异,H组的PrC水平显著高于HA、LA及L组,而其血清白蛋白水平显著低于其余三组(P<0.05)。不同ESRD原发病的患者,其基线腹膜转运特性也存在差异,糖尿病肾病患者的基线腹膜转运特性多为HA及H,而慢性肾小球肾炎患者的基线腹膜转运特性多为LA及HA。腹膜炎发生率及生存率在HT组和LT组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:ESRD原发病不同可影响其基线腹膜转运特性的分布,不同基线腹膜转运特性PD患者间PrC水平存在显著差异,腹膜高转运特性的患者多伴有高的PrC水平和低的血白蛋白水平,而腹膜转运特性对CAPD患者的腹膜炎发生率及生存率无显著影响。