Effects of Continuous Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring on Intraoperative Hemodynamics and Postoperative Myocardial Injury in Craniotomy:Comparison Between Groups Based on Self-Control and Propensity Score Matching

Objective:To explore the effect of continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring on intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative myocardial injury in craniotomy.Methods:120 cases of elective craniotomy were divided into the self-control group(continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring and intermittent cuff non-invasive blood pressure monitoring,CNAP group)and propensity score matching group(only intermittent cuff non-invasive blood pressure measurement in previous craniotomy,PSM group);Goal-directed hemodynamic management in CNAP group included heart rate(HR),blood pressure(BP),stroke volume(SV),stroke variability(SVV),and systemic vascular resistance index(SVRI).The main index is to compare the troponin level within 72 hours after operation between the CNAP group and the PSM group;The secondary indicators are the comparison of the hemodynamic conditions between the CNAP group and the PSM at 10 specific time points.Results:The incidence of postoperative myocardial injury in the CNAP group was significantly lower than that in the PSM group(12%vs.30%,P=0.01);in the CNAP group hypotensive episodes(6 vs.3,P=0.01),positive balance of fluid therapy(700 vs.500 mL,P<0.001),more use of vasoactive drugs(29 vs.18,P=0.04),more stable hemodynamics medical status(P=0.03)were recorded.Conclusion:The hemodynamic management strategy based on continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring can reduce the incidence of myocardial injury after elective craniotomy and maintain a more stable hemodynamic state.

Development of Wearable Semi-invasive Blood Sampling Devices for Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Survey

Semi-invasive blood sampling devices mimic the way female mosquitoes extract blood from a host. They generally consist of a microneedle, a microactuator for needle insertion, a blood extraction mechanism and a blood glucose sensor. These devices have great potential to overcome the major disadvantages of several current blood glucose monitoring methods. Over last two decades, extensive research has been made in all of these related fields. More recently, several wearable devices for semi-invasive blood sampling have been developed. This review aims at summarizing the current state-of-the-art development and utilization of such wearable devices for continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels, with a special attention on design considerations, fabrication technologies and testing methods.

A survey of recent reports on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

This article is a review of 25 publications on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM) and the importance of its results in everyday clinical practice. These studies, published in 2008-2011, were selected from the Scopus database, but are also available in Pubmed. They were prepared by researchers from around the world, concerned with the problems of proper control of blood pressure(BP), and of abnormalities in the circadian pattern of BP in patients with arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus or renal failure. In the first part of this article, I analyse publications focused on some nuances in the methodology of ABPM and recommend ways to avoid some traps, related not only to the individual patient but also to the device used and the technical staff. The next section is devoted to the advantages of ABPM as a diagnostic tool which enables clinicians to learn about patients' BP during sleep, and emphasizes the practical implications of this information for so-called chronotherapy. This section also presents some new studies on the prognostic value of ABPM in patients with cardiovascular(CV) risk. Some recent articles on the results of various methods of pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension in different agegroups are then described. The observations presented in this article may be helpful not only for researchers interested in the chronobiology of the CV system, but also for general practitioners using ABPM.

Review of minimally invasive continuous glucose monitoring technology & instruments

Continuous blood glucose monitoring is important for the diagnosis,treatment,and study of diabetes. many organizations have been working on this subject in recent two decades. Glucose concentration in interstitial fluid is closely related to the blood glucose levels. Minimally invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring technology based on the glucose detection in interstitial fluid develops rapidly and gets more and more attentions from the patients and the doctors,due to its instantaneous real-time display of glucose level,"24/7"coverage,and the ability to characterize glycemic variability. According to the different detection methods,most of the continuous glucose monitoring technology could be divided into two kinds: subcutaneous implantation method and transdermal extraction method. This paper review s the recent development of minimally invasive blood glucose monitoring technology and instruments. The mainly remained challenges and related research directions are presented as well.

A Survey of the Incidence and Consequences of Invasive Blood Pressure Measuring Errors Caused by Arterial Line Occlusion

Objective: The objective is to investigate the incidence and consequences of arterial line occlusion during invasive blood pressure monitoring in the form of questionnaire survey. Methods: The questionnaires were randomly distributed to the anesthesiologists who participated the 22nd annual meeting of Chinese society of anesthesiology. The main contents of this survey included the arterial line managing status, the incidence of arterial line occlusion, the effects of arterial line occlusion on the anesthesiologists’ therapy and consequences caused by arterial line occlusion. Results: Totally 294 questionnaires were collected, in which 261 questionnaires were valid. In all respondents, 28.3% expressed that they could not flush arterial line on time, and 95.4% had experienced flushing arterial line only or sometimes or occasionally when the arterial waveform was not normal. Furthermore, 93.9% had experienced partial occlusion of the arterial line, and 79.3% had experienced complete occlusion. According to the serious recall of the respondents, the incidence of partial arterial line occlusion was 17.7% ± 22.0%, and the incidence of complete arterial line occlusion was 3.6% ± 8.1%. For all the respondents, 89.7% had experienced suspecting arterial line occlusion while real hypotension occurred, 65.1% had experienced not treating hypotension timely due to this suspicion, and 31% had experienced serious consequences caused by this suspicion. Conclusion: The incidence of arterial line occlusion is high during invasive blood pressure monitoring, which is a threat to the patients’ safety. So, intensive attention should be paid to the arterial line management.

Noncontact Monitoring of Relative Changes in Blood Pressure Using Microwave Radar Sensors

This study aims to confirm whether noncontact monitoring of relative changes in blood pressure can be estimated using microwave radar sensors. First, an equation to estimate blood pressure was derived, after which, the effectiveness of the estimation equation was confirmed using data obtained by a noncontact method while inducing variations in blood pressure. We considered that the Bramwell-Hill equation, which contains some parameters that directly indicate changes in blood pressure, would be an appropriate reference to construct an estimation equation for the noncontact method, because measurements using microwave radar sensors can measure minute scale motion on the skin surface induced by the pulsation of blood vessels. In order to estimate relative changes in blood pressure, we considered a simple equation including the pulse transit time (PTT), amplitude of signals and body dimensions as parameters. To verify the effectiveness of the equation for estimating changes in blood pressure, two experiments were conducted: a cycling task using an ergometer, which induces blood pressure fluctuations because of changes in cardiac output, and a task using the Valsalva maneuver, which induces blood pressure fluctuations because of changes in vascular resistance. The results obtained from the two experiments suggested that the proposed equation using microwave radar sensors can accurately estimate relative changes of blood pressure. In particular, relatively favorable results were obtained for the changes in blood pressure induced by the changes in cardiac volume. Although many issues remain, this method could be expected to contribute to the continuous evaluation of cardiac function while reducing the burden on patients.

Forearm Loss Caused by Automated Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Cuff Malfunction: A Hearsay Report

Failure of an automated blood pressure cuff to deflate when a patient is under general anesthesia can lead to catastrophic consequences if unnoticed for more than three hours [1]. We present this as a hearsay case in which an automated blood pressure cuff of the Spacelabs Ultraview Clinical Workstation monitor (model No. 90385) applied pressure for about five hours resulting in limb thrombosis. In order to analyze this catastrophe, simulation scenarios were tested to elucidate the possible errors and malfunctions that may have led to this injury. We present the analysis of the advantages and validity of the hearsay case report. We also include our proposed criteria that should be required when a hearsay case is considered for publication.

Most patients with non-hypertensive diseases at a critical care resuscitation unit require arterial pressure monitoring: a prospective observational study

BACKGROUND:Blood pressure(BP)monitoring is essential for patient care.Invasive arterial BP(IABP)is more accurate than non-invasive BP(NIBP),although the clinical signifi cance of this diff erence is unknown.We hypothesized that IABP would result in a change of management(COM)among patients with non-hypertensive diseases in the acute phase of resuscitation.METHODS:This prospective study included adults admitted to the Critical Care Resuscitation Unit(CCRU)with non-hypertensive disease from February 1,2019,to May 31,2021.Management plans to maintain a mean arterial pressure>65 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)were recorded in real time for both NIBP and IABP measurements.A COM was defined as a discrepancy between IABP and NIBP that resulted in an increase/decrease or addition/discontinuation of a medication/infusion.Classification and regression tree analysis identified significant variables associated with a COM and assigned relative variable importance(RVI)values.RESULTS:Among the 206 patients analyzed,a COM occurred in 94(45.6%[94/206])patients.The most common COM was an increase in current infusion dosages(40 patients,19.4%).Patients receiving norepinephrine at arterial cannulation were more likely to have a COM compared with those without(45[47.9%]vs.32[28.6%],P=0.004).Receiving norepinephrine(relative variable importance[RVI]100%)was the most signifi cant factor associated with a COM.No complications were identifi ed with IABP use.CONCLUSION:A COM occurred in 94(45.6%)non-hypertensive patients in the CCRU.Receiving vasopressors was the greatest factor associated with COM.Clinicians should consider IABP monitoring more often in non-hypertensive patients requiring norepinephrine in the acute resuscitation phase.Further studies are necessary to confi rm the risk-to-benefi t ratios of IABP among these high-risk patients.

Correlation study of relative parameters of intracranial pressure and prognosis of patient with craniocerebral injury

Objective:To analyze the correlation of the relative parameters of intracranial pressure to the prognosis in patients with craniocerebral injury.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with closed craniocerebral injury were retrospectively analyzed,and all of these patients underwent conventional examinations of arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure.Neumatic DCR system was used to monitor relative parameters of intracranial pressure from patients.According to the score of Glasgow outcome scale(GOS)upon discharge,they were divided into favorable prognosis group(GOSⅢ-Ⅴ,n=46)and unfavorable prognosis group(GOSⅠ-Ⅱ,n=34).The relative parameters of intracranial pressure of two groups were compared so as to analyze the correlation of the prognosis in patients to ICP-related parameters.Results:Pressure reactivity index(PRx)and intracranial pressure(ICP)of favorable prognosis group were significantly higher than those of unfavorable prognosis group(t=12.27,t=5.22,p<0.05).Meanwhile,cerebral perfusion pressure(CPP)and ICP-ABP wave amplitude correlation(IAAC)of favorable prognosis group were significantly lower than those of unfavorable prognosis group(t=14.54,t=14.78,p<0.05).The average age,gender,duration of admission to neurosurgical intensive care unit(NICU)and GCS(Glasgow coma scale)score on admission of the two groups were not statistically significant.Conclusions:The prognosis and ICP-related parameters(such as PRx,ICP,CPP,etc.)in patients with craniocerebral injury are risk factors for the prognosis effect.Therefore,to monitor the above-mentioned indicators has an important clinical value for assessing the prognosis of craniocerebral injury.

基于Transformer模型的连续无创血压预测方法

动脉血压(ABP)波形包含丰富的心血管信息,有助于心血管疾病的预防和诊断。目前大部分基于光电容积脉搏波描记法(PPG)的血压预测方法仅预测收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP),本文提出了一种由PPG信号预测ABP波形的血压测量方法。首先使用PPG信号作为输入,通过线性映射到高维空间,然后利用Transformer编码器结构进行特征提取,最后由线性层输出预测的ABP波形,由预测的ABP波形可计算出SBP和DBP等血压参数。实验结果显示,Transformer网络在MIMIC数据集中预测的ABP波形与实际波形的拟合效果良好,计算得到的SBP和DBP预测误差分别为(3.76±5.66)mmHg、(2.20±3.77)mmHg,且该方法符合美国医疗仪器促进协会(AAMI)的标准,同时在英国高血压协会(BHS)标准中达到A级。

基于卷积神经网络-长短期记忆神经网络模型利用光学体积描记术重建动脉血压波信号

目的直接动脉血压(arterial blood pressure,ABP)连续监测是侵入式的,传统袖带式的间接血压测量法无法实现连续监测。既往利用光学体积描记术(photoplethysmography,PPG)实现了连续无创血压监测,但其为收缩压和舒张压的离散值,而非ABP波的连续值,本研究期望基于卷积神经网络-长短期记忆神经网络(CNN-LSTM)利用PPG信号波重建ABP波信号,实现连续无创血压监测。方法构建CNN-LSTM混合神经网络模型,利用重症监护医学信息集(medical information mart for intensive care,MIMIC)中的PPG与ABP波同步记录信号数据,将PPG信号波经预处理降噪、归一化、滑窗分割后输入该模型,重建与之同步对应的ABP波信号。结果使用窗口长度312的CNN-LSTM神经网络时,重建ABP值与实际ABP值间误差最小,平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)和均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)分别为2.79 mmHg和4.24 mmHg,余弦相似度最大,重建ABP值与实际ABP值一致性和相关性情况良好,符合美国医疗器械促进协会(Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation,AAMI)标准。结论CNN-LSTM混合神经网络可利用PPG信号波重建ABP波信号,实现连续无创血压监测。

基于Bi-UNet的无创动脉血压波形重建算法

提出了一种非侵入性的深度学习方法,用于光电容积脉搏波信号重构动脉血压信号。设计的Bi-UNet模型采用U-Net作为特征提取器,设计了双向时间处理器模块,用于提取基于个体模型的时间依赖信息。双向时间处理器模块利用BiLSTM网络有效地分析正向和反向的时间序列数据。此外,笔者采用了深度监督方法,即训练模型关注数据的各个层面特征,以提高预测波形的准确性。本文模型在重要的动脉血压波形指标收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉血压上的平均绝对误差分别达到了2.89、1.55和1.52 mmHg,标准差分别达到了2.43、1.79和1.47 mmHg。这些结果表明本文方法相比现有技术的优越性,并展示了其在实施和应用中的潜力。

上海市护理学会《有创动脉血压监测方法》团体标准解读

上海市护理学会于2023年11月发布了《有创动脉血压监测方法》团体标准,规范了成人和儿童有创动脉血压的监测方法,包括基本要求、监测对象、测量通路、测量方法、操作要点、导管维护与观察及并发症预防。文章对标准中给出的建议进行解读,以期帮助各类医疗机构护士更好地理解并应用该标准。

采用融合的U-net模型连续无创动脉血压预测方法

持续的血压监测有助于心血管疾病的诊断和治疗。由于目前使用机器学习和深度学习通过人工提取特征参数来预测血压的方法,无法重建完整的血压信号,提出了基于融合的U-net模型的连续无创动脉血压测量方法。首先将原始光电容积脉搏波(PPG)信号作为输入,减少人工提取特征参数的误差;然后使用U-net网络重构动脉血压信号,为进一步提高预测血压波形精度,将重构的血压信号作为MultiResUnet网络的输入,采用MultiRes模块从数据中学习不同特征,Res Path模块缓解编码器和解码器之间的语义差异,使得模型学习变得更加容易。融合的U-net网络在MIMIC-Ⅲ数据集中的受试者评估中预测的动脉血压(ABP)波形与实际波形高度相关。计算出的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)和平均压(MAP)的平均绝对误差分别为2.20±4.30 mmHg、1.82±3.146 mmHg和2.25±2.86 mmHg,且该方法符合美国医疗仪器促进协会(AAMI)的标准,同时在英国高压协会(BHS)标准中达到A级。

一款无创连续血压测量设备研制及其准确性验证

目的:研制一款无创连续血压测量设备NC-BPM型并验证其监测血压的准确性。方法:研制一款NC-BPM型无创连续血压测量设备(简称NC-BPM),整套设备系统主要由指套传感器、信号采集和压力控制单元、高度校正系统和主机4个模块组成。使用欧姆龙J760电子血压计(简称J760)和CNAP Monitor 500连续无创血压监测系统(简称CNAP Monitor 500)作为监测血压准确性验证的参考血压计,按照美国电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)有关可穿戴无袖带血压测量装备标准测试流程,分别测量25名受试者静态期、血压变化期和校准后期3个阶段的血压,验证NC-BPM测量血压的准确性。结果:使用NCBPM与CNAP Monitor 500均采集到13753个数据点,两种仪器测得收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及平均血压(MAP)具有高度相关性(r=0.96、0.97、0.98,P<0.05);欧姆龙J760采集到379个数据点,NC-BPM与欧姆龙J760测得SBP和DBP数据亦有高度相关性(r=0.98、0.95,P<0.05)。按照英国高血压协会(BHS)和美国医疗仪器促进协会(AAMI)标准的等级评价,NCBPM与CNAP Monitor500的SBP差值在0~5 mmHg、0~10 mmHg和0~15 mmHg范围内的占比分别为85.01%、97.60%和99.47%,DBP占比分别为84.34%、99.85%和100%,MAP占比分别为92.66%、99.72%和99.96%,三者均属BHS标准A级;两种仪器测量的指动脉SBP、DBP和MAP压差值分别为(0.67±5.07)mmHg、(2.43±2.87)mmHg和(1.43±2.89)mmHg,均在AAMI标准(5±8)mmHg范围内。NC-BPM与欧姆龙J760的SBP差值0~5 mmHg、0~10 mmHg和0~15 mmHg范围内占比分别为79.95%、97.36%和100%,DBP占比分别为89.71%、99.74%和100%,两者均属BHS标准A级;两种仪器测量的肱动脉收缩压、舒张压差值分别为(1.57±4.18)mmHg、(0.57±5.20)mmHg,均在AAMI标准(5±8)mmHg范围内。结论:NC-BPM设备已通过了IEEE标准下AAMI标准的第一阶段临床试验,可进行下一阶段临床验证试验。

基于脉搏波和心电信号的无创连续血压预测方法研究

目的 研究基于脉搏波和心电信号的无创连续血压预测方法。方法 从MIMIC-Ⅲ数据库中选取300个病例,用于构建血压预测模型、模型验证;另收集2022年1月至6月入住福建省立医院重症监护病房的121例患者,用于测试模型;采集患者动脉血压、光电容积脉搏波和心电图信号。构建两个血压预测模型,一个是以人工提取出的8种特征参数构建的人工特征参数模型,另一个是以8种特征参数加1种卷积神经网络提取的特征进行融合构建的特征融合模型。对两个预测模型进行验证、测试,评价指标采用平均绝对误差(MAE)、标准差(SD)、均方根误差(RMSE),根据国际公认的美国医疗器械促进协会(AAMI)规定的标准进行评价,对比两个模型预测能力。结果 用MIMIC-Ⅲ数据对两个模型进行评价,特征融合模型的MAE、SD符合AAMI标准,RMSE比人工特征参数模型低。用实际收集的重症患者数据对两个模型进行评价,特征融合模型收缩压的SD、舒张压的MAE和SD达到AAMI标准,RMSE也比人工特征参数模型低。结论 特征融合模型的预测能力比人工特征参数模型好。

经鼻无创高频振荡通气联合TcPCO_(2)和TcPO_(2)监测在早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用

目的分析经鼻无创高频震荡通气联合经皮二氧化碳分压(TcPCO_(2))和经皮氧分压(TcPO_(2))监测在早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用。方法选择2019年10月至2021年10月收治的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征无创呼吸支持治疗的早产儿80例,采用随机数字法分为改良组(经鼻无创高频震荡通气)和对照组(经鼻持续正压通气)。每组40例。2组均联合TcPCO_(2)和TcPO_(2)监测。观察2组通气0、6、12、24 h后的pH值、TcPCO_(2)/TcPO_(2)指标、无创通气时间、治疗失败转为气管插管机械通气率、并发症发生率及病死率。结果通气0 h,2组血液pH值、TcPCO_(2)、TcPO_(2)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组比较,改良组通气6、12、24 h血液pH值、TcPO_(2)均明显升高,TcPCO_(2)均明显降低(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,无创通气时间和治疗失败转为气管插管机械通气率均明显降低(P<0.05)。2组气漏、腹胀、鼻部损伤、肺出血、感染性肺炎等并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组病死率为5.00%(2/40),改良组病死率为2.50%(1/40),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经鼻无创高频震荡通气联合TcPCO_(2)和TcPO_(2)监测在早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征中应用价值较高,可改善患儿呼吸功能,降低气管插管机械通气率,且不会增加并发症的发生。

持续动脉压监测对经桡动脉入路脑血管造影术中导管扭转打结的预防价值

目的探讨经桡动脉入路脑血管造影中持续动脉压监测在发现导管扭转打结中的作用。方法回顾性分析2017年7月至2019年12月接受经桡动脉入路脑血管造影的116例缺血性脑血管病患者的临床病例资料,其中80例造影过程中接受持续动脉压监测(测压组),另36例作为无测压组。在操作过程中,动脉压力差变小甚至曲线变平提示导管某段发生扭转打结。比较两组患者的性别、年龄、主动脉弓型等基本临床病例信息,手术适应证、透视时间、手术时间,以及造影过程中导管扭转打结发生率。结果两组患者性别、年龄、主动脉弓型、透视时间、手术时间差异均无统计学意义。测压组动脉导管扭转打结发生率低于无测压组(0 vs 8.33%,P=0.047)。结论持续动脉压力监测有助于发现早期桡动脉入路脑血管造影过程中导管扭转打结,进而降低相关并发症的发生,值得推广应用。

A microscale optical implant for continuous in vivo monitoring of intraocular pressure

Intraocular pressure(IOP)is a key clinical parameter in glaucoma management.However,despite the potential utility of daily measurements of IOP in the context of disease management,the necessary tools are currently lacking,and IOP is typically measured only a few times a year.Here we report on a microscale implantable sensor that could provide convenient,accurate,ondemand IOP monitoring in the home environment.When excited by broadband near-infrared(NIR)light from a tungsten bulb,the sensor’s optical cavity reflects a pressure-dependent resonance signature that can be converted to IOP.NIR light is minimally absorbed by tissue and is not perceived visually.The sensor’s nanodot-enhanced cavity allows for a 3–5 cm readout distance with an average accuracy of 0.29 mm Hg over the range of 0–40 mm Hg.Sensors were mounted onto intraocular lenses or silicone haptics and secured inside the anterior chamber in New Zealand white rabbits.Implanted sensors provided continuous in vivo tracking of short-term transient IOP elevations and provided continuous measurements of IOP for up to 4.5 months.

加味清气化痰汤配合无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭临床研究

目的:观察对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭患者以加味清气化痰汤配合无创正压通气治疗的临床效果。方法:将130例COPD急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭患者以随机简单化法分为治疗组与对照组,各65例。对照组以无创正压通气治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联合加味清气化痰汤治疗。治疗14 d后评估2组临床疗效,并比较2组治疗前后肺功能、动脉血气指标、血清单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)水平。结果:治疗后,治疗组总有效率96.92%,高于对照组87.69%(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、FEV_(1)占预计值的百分比(FEV_(1)%)均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组动脉血pH值、血氧分压(PaO_(2))均升高(P<0.05),二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组PaO_(2)高于对照组(P<0.05),PaCO_(2)低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组MCP-1、sTREM-1水平均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:针对COPD急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭患者采用加味清气化痰汤配合无创正压通气治疗效果显著,可改善患者肺功能、动脉血气指标,减轻炎性反应。