Introduction: Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is an effective long acting reversible contraceptive but its use is low. This study examined factors contributing to the utilization of intrauterine contraceptive...Introduction: Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is an effective long acting reversible contraceptive but its use is low. This study examined factors contributing to the utilization of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) among women in Kabwe Central Province. Methodology: This was an analytical cross sectional study. Primary data was collected from 150 respondents in using simple random sampling method. Data was analysed using the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Chi-square test was used to test associations among the dependent and independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was conducted. The confidence interval was set at 95% and significant level was at 0.05%. Findings: The study found that 44% of the respondents had high level of knowledge about IUCD. About 28% of the respondents, said that they used IUCD because it maintains menstrual bleeding, 26% said that they used because IUCD it does not cause infections, and 19% said that they used IUCD because it does not migrate to other body parts. Majority (81%) of the respondents agreed with a statement that age contributes to underutilization of IUCD. About 77% of the respondents agreed with a statement that marital status contributes to underutilization of IUCD and 75% agreed with a statement that, education level contributes to underutilization of IUCD and was significant. Furthermore, 91% of the respondents agreed with a statement that lack of knowledge about IUCD contributes to underutilization of IUCD and 74% agreed with a statement that religion contributes to underutilization of IUCD. Age (p = 0.003), marital status (p = 0.002), education level (p = 0.003), and employment status (p = 0.02), were found to have a significant relationship with the utilization of IUCD. About 36% of the respondents said that knowledge or education affects the utilization of IUCD at a large extent. The study showed a positive relationship between the utilization of IUCD and all explanatory variables such as age, education/knowledge, marital status, religion, family size and income and acceptability which had a positive correlation ranging from 0.543 to 0.815. Older women with higher education levels were more inclined to use IUCDs compared to younger individuals and those with only a primary education. Religious affiliation influenced IUCD use with Muslim women being less likely to opt for IUCDs. Moreover, being married was associated with lower IUCD utilization. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the study identified age, education/knowledge, marital status, religion, family size and income, and acceptability as the primary drivers of IUCD usage. The study recommends that, there should be a conduct of educational workshops, there should be community awareness programs and there should be comprehensive family Planning Services.展开更多
Objective To compare the cupric ion releasing in vitro o.f the three IUDs. Methods The stability o.f cupric ion releasing o.f IUDs including TCu 380.4 IUD （TCu 380A）, Multiload Cu375 IUD （MCu 375） and Yuangong 365...Objective To compare the cupric ion releasing in vitro o.f the three IUDs. Methods The stability o.f cupric ion releasing o.f IUDs including TCu 380.4 IUD （TCu 380A）, Multiload Cu375 IUD （MCu 375） and Yuangong 365 copper-bearing indomethacin-releasing IUD （Yuangong 365） by the determination of cupric ion releasing in simulated uterine fluid. The simulated uterine fluid was used for releasing media. Copper ion was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Results The cupric ion releasing of three IUDs were instable at the beginning and tend to be stable gradually. In the stable phase, the average level of cupric ion releasing of TCu380A, MCu375 and Yuangong 365 were 4.25±2.71-7.62±6.42 μg, 4.92±1.23 -8.62±3.08 μg and 2.19±0.40-4.68±1.66 μg, respectively. TCu380A had higher instable releasing level than those of Yuangong 365 （P〈0. 05）. Conclusion TCu 380.4 and MCu 375 showed a ＂burst release＂ during the first few days and the.former was of great significance（P〈0.05）. The initial cupric ion releasing of Yuangong 365 appeared to be the lowest, followed by MCu375 and TCu380A in a releasing order展开更多
Effective regulation of human fertility has global consequences in terms of resource depletion, pollution and pover-ty. Current family planning services predominantly target a female clientele with few significant dev...Effective regulation of human fertility has global consequences in terms of resource depletion, pollution and pover-ty. Current family planning services predominantly target a female clientele with few significant developments in malefertility regulation for over a century. The last two decades have witnessed a gathering interest, initially from the scien-tific community, and laterally from industry, in the development of safe, reliable, reversible methods of contraceptionfor men. This review summarises the methods of male fertility regulation which are currently available and critically ex-amines the published data on novel developments in male hormonal contraception which offer the potential of improvedcontraceptive choice for all in new millennium. (Asian J Androl 2000; 2: 3 - 12)展开更多
文摘Introduction: Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is an effective long acting reversible contraceptive but its use is low. This study examined factors contributing to the utilization of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) among women in Kabwe Central Province. Methodology: This was an analytical cross sectional study. Primary data was collected from 150 respondents in using simple random sampling method. Data was analysed using the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Chi-square test was used to test associations among the dependent and independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was conducted. The confidence interval was set at 95% and significant level was at 0.05%. Findings: The study found that 44% of the respondents had high level of knowledge about IUCD. About 28% of the respondents, said that they used IUCD because it maintains menstrual bleeding, 26% said that they used because IUCD it does not cause infections, and 19% said that they used IUCD because it does not migrate to other body parts. Majority (81%) of the respondents agreed with a statement that age contributes to underutilization of IUCD. About 77% of the respondents agreed with a statement that marital status contributes to underutilization of IUCD and 75% agreed with a statement that, education level contributes to underutilization of IUCD and was significant. Furthermore, 91% of the respondents agreed with a statement that lack of knowledge about IUCD contributes to underutilization of IUCD and 74% agreed with a statement that religion contributes to underutilization of IUCD. Age (p = 0.003), marital status (p = 0.002), education level (p = 0.003), and employment status (p = 0.02), were found to have a significant relationship with the utilization of IUCD. About 36% of the respondents said that knowledge or education affects the utilization of IUCD at a large extent. The study showed a positive relationship between the utilization of IUCD and all explanatory variables such as age, education/knowledge, marital status, religion, family size and income and acceptability which had a positive correlation ranging from 0.543 to 0.815. Older women with higher education levels were more inclined to use IUCDs compared to younger individuals and those with only a primary education. Religious affiliation influenced IUCD use with Muslim women being less likely to opt for IUCDs. Moreover, being married was associated with lower IUCD utilization. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the study identified age, education/knowledge, marital status, religion, family size and income, and acceptability as the primary drivers of IUCD usage. The study recommends that, there should be a conduct of educational workshops, there should be community awareness programs and there should be comprehensive family Planning Services.
基金This study was supported by National Key Scientific and Technological Project(2004BA720A32)
文摘Objective To compare the cupric ion releasing in vitro o.f the three IUDs. Methods The stability o.f cupric ion releasing o.f IUDs including TCu 380.4 IUD （TCu 380A）, Multiload Cu375 IUD （MCu 375） and Yuangong 365 copper-bearing indomethacin-releasing IUD （Yuangong 365） by the determination of cupric ion releasing in simulated uterine fluid. The simulated uterine fluid was used for releasing media. Copper ion was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Results The cupric ion releasing of three IUDs were instable at the beginning and tend to be stable gradually. In the stable phase, the average level of cupric ion releasing of TCu380A, MCu375 and Yuangong 365 were 4.25±2.71-7.62±6.42 μg, 4.92±1.23 -8.62±3.08 μg and 2.19±0.40-4.68±1.66 μg, respectively. TCu380A had higher instable releasing level than those of Yuangong 365 （P〈0. 05）. Conclusion TCu 380.4 and MCu 375 showed a ＂burst release＂ during the first few days and the.former was of great significance（P〈0.05）. The initial cupric ion releasing of Yuangong 365 appeared to be the lowest, followed by MCu375 and TCu380A in a releasing order
文摘Effective regulation of human fertility has global consequences in terms of resource depletion, pollution and pover-ty. Current family planning services predominantly target a female clientele with few significant developments in malefertility regulation for over a century. The last two decades have witnessed a gathering interest, initially from the scien-tific community, and laterally from industry, in the development of safe, reliable, reversible methods of contraceptionfor men. This review summarises the methods of male fertility regulation which are currently available and critically ex-amines the published data on novel developments in male hormonal contraception which offer the potential of improvedcontraceptive choice for all in new millennium. (Asian J Androl 2000; 2: 3 - 12)
