A novel intrusion detection model for the CAN bus packet of in-vehicle network based on attention mechanism and autoencoder

The attacks on in-vehicle Controller Area Network(CAN)bus messages severely disrupt normal communication between vehicles.Therefore,researches on intrusion detection models for CAN have positive business value for vehicle security,and the intrusion detection technology for CAN bus messages can effectively protect the invehicle network from unlawful attacks.Previous machine learning-based models are unable to effectively identify intrusive abnormal messages due to their inherent shortcomings.Hence,to address the shortcomings of the previous machine learning-based intrusion detection technique,we propose a novel method using Attention Mechanism and AutoEncoder for Intrusion Detection(AMAEID).The AMAEID model first converts the raw hexadecimal message data into binary format to obtain better input.Then the AMAEID model encodes and decodes the binary message data using a multi-layer denoising autoencoder model to obtain a hidden feature representation that can represent the potential features behind the message data at a deeper level.Finally,the AMAEID model uses the attention mechanism and the fully connected layer network to infer whether the message is an abnormal message or not.The experimental results with three evaluation metrics on a real in-vehicle CAN bus message dataset outperform some traditional machine learning algorithms,demonstrating the effectiveness of the AMAEID model.

Reliability Analysis of Controller Area Network Based Systems—A Review

This paper reviews the research work done on the Reliability Analysis of Controller Area Network (CAN) based systems. During the last couple of decades, real-time researchers have extended schedulability analysis to a mature technique which for nontrivial systems can be used to determine whether a set of tasks executing on a single CPU or in a distributed system will meet their deadlines or not [1-3]. The main focus of the real-time research community is on hard real-time systems, and the essence of analyzing such systems is to investigate if deadlines are met in a worst case scenario. Whether this worst case actually will occur during execution, or if it is likely to occur, is not normally considered. Reliability modeling, on the other hand, involves study of fault models, characterization of distribution functions of faults and development of methods and tools for composing these distributions and models in estimating an overall reliability figure for the system [4]. This paper presents the research work done on reliability analysis developed with a focus on Controller-Area-Network-based automotive systems.

M/S Controller Area Network(CAN) System Using Shared-Clock Scheduler

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a well established control network for automotive and automation control applications. Time-Triggered Controller Area Network (TTCAN) is a recent development which introduces a session layer,for message scheduling,to the existing CAN standard,which is a two layer standard comprising of a physical layer and a data link layer. TTCAN facilitates network communication in a time-triggered fashion,by introducing a Time Division Multiple Access style communication scheme. This allows deterministic network behavior,where maximum message latency times can be quantified and guaranteed. In order to solve the problem of determinate time latency and synchronization among several districted units in one auto panel CAN systems,this paper proposed a prototype design implementation for a shared-clock scheduler based on PIC18F458 MCU. This leads to improved CAN system performance and avoid the latency jitters and guarantee a deterministic communication pattern on the bus. The real runtime performance is satisfied.

Error Control Strategy in Ultrasonic Body Area Networks

Recently,ultrasonic waves had been introduced as the transmission medium in Body Area Networks(BANs) to reduce the incalculable damage caused by radio waves. However,the communications based on ultrasonic waves suffer from poor propagation of signals in air and consume too much energy. To address these limitations,firstly,we make the theoretical analysis to ensure ultrasonic waves could be used in BANs(UBANs). Then,we propose an error control strategy in UBANs to dynamically adjust the error control scheme and the Max-Retries based on the current channel state,which is called UECS. The UECS is based on IEEE 802.15.6 standards and considering the characteristics of ultrasonic waves in BANs. Simulation results show that UECS achieves better performance in terms of packet delivery ratio and energy consumption compared with the traditional strategies.

一类基于LAN/Control Net/Fieldbus分层结构的网络控制系统设计

大型的生产线网络结构一般分为3层:生产现场层,过程监控制层和管理层,文章以某企业控制系统改造为背景,基于MelsecNet/10控制网络,对网络控制系统设计中的控制方案,控制网络与企业管理层局域网的连接及系统运行模式等主要技术问题作了讨论.

A Game Theoretic Approach for Inter-Network Interference Mitigation in Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) is an emerging technology to provide real-time health monitoring and ubiquitous healthcare services. In many applications, multiple wireless body area networks have to coexist in a small area, resulting in serious inter-network interference. This not only reduces network reliability that is especially important in emergency medical applications, but also consumes more power of WBANs. In this paper, an inter-network interference mitigation approach based on a power control algorithm is proposed. Power control is modeled as a non-cooperative game, in which both inter-network interference and energy efficiency of WBANs are considered. The existence and uniqueness of Nash Equilibrium in the game are proved, and an optimal scheme based on best response is proposed to find its Nash Equilibrium. By coordinating the transmission power levels among networks under interference environment, the total system throughput can be increased with minimum power consumed. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been illustrated by simulation results, where the performance of the proposed approach is evaluated in terms of overall utility and power efficiency and convergence speed.

A novel strategy of smart manipulation by micro-scale oscillatory networks of the reactionary zones for enhanced extreme thrust control of the next-generation solid propulsion systems

The main aim of this research is to get a better knowledge and understanding of the micro-scale oscillatory networks behavior in the solid propellants reactionary zones. Fundamental understanding of the micro-and nano-scale combustion mechanisms is essential to the development and further improvement of the next-generation technologies for extreme control of the solid propellant thrust. Both experiments and theory confirm that the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks excitation in the solid propellants reactionary zones is a rather universal phenomenon. In accordance with our concept,the micro-and nano-scale structures form both the fractal and self-organized wave patterns in the solid propellants reactionary zones. Control by the shape, the sizes and spacial orientation of the wave patterns allows manipulate by the energy exchange and release in the reactionary zones. A novel strategy for enhanced extreme thrust control in solid propulsion systems are based on manipulation by selforganization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks and self-organized patterns formation in the reactionary zones with use of the system of acoustic waves and electro-magnetic fields, generated by special kind of ring-shaped electric discharges along with resonance laser radiation. Application of special kind of the ring-shaped electric discharges demands the minimum expenses of energy and opens prospects for almost inertia-free control by combustion processes. Nano-sized additives will enhance self-organizing and self-synchronization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks on the nanometer scale. Suggested novel strategy opens the door for completely new ways for enhanced extreme thrust control of the solid propulsion systems.

Simulation of Optical Packet-Switched Metropolitan Area Network

This paper introduces architectures of two types optical packet switched metropolitan area networks and their media access control protocols. We have designed related network simulation systems. With these simulation systems, the characteristics and performance of the two MANs can be achieved.

Control system design of hybrid fuel cell city bus

This paper introduced the design of the hybrid powertrain of the Fuel Cell City Bus demonstrated in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The configuration of the hybrid fuel cell powertrain was introduced. The safety of hydrogen storage and delivery system, the hydrogen leakage alarm system were developed. The real-time distributed control and diagnosis system based on the Time Trigger Controller Area Network (TTCAN) with 10 ms basic control period was developed. The concept and implementation of processor (or controller) monitor and process (or task) monitor technique based on the TTCAN were applied in this paper. The fault tolerant control algorithm of the fuel cell engine and the battery management system were considered. The demonstration experience verified that the fault tolerant control was very important for the fuel cell city bus.

MAC Layer Resource Allocation for Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless body area networks （WBANs） can provide low-cost, timely healthcare services and are expected to be widely used for e-healthcare in hospitals. In a hospital, space is often limited and multiple WBANs have to coexist in an area and share the same channel in order to provide healthcare services to different patients. This causes severe interference between WBANs that could significantly reduce the network throughput and increase the amount of power consumed by sensors placed on the body. There-fore, an efficient channel-resource allocation scheme in the medium access control （MAC） layer is crucial. In this paper, we devel-op a centralized MAC layer resource allocation scheme for a WBAN. We focus on mitigating the interference between WBANs and reducing the power consumed by sensors. Channel and buffer state are reported by smartphones deployed in each WBAN, and channel access allocation is performed by a central controller to maximize network throughput. Sensors have strict limitations in terms of energy consumption and computing capability and cannot provide all the necessary information for channel allocation in a timely manner. This deteriorates network performance. We exploit the temporal correlation of the body area channel in order to minimize the number of channel state reports necessary. We view the network design as a partly observable optimization prob-lem and develop a myopic policy, which we then simulate in Matlab.

A Realistic ICT Network Design and Implementation in the Neighbourhood Area of the Smart Grid

The Smart Grid has three main characteristics, which are to some degree antagonistic. These characteristics are: provision of good power quality, energy cost reduction and improvement in the reliability of the grid. The need to ensure that they can be accomplished together demands a much richer ICT monitoring and control network than the current system. In this paper we particularly investigate the design and deployment of the ICT system in the urban environment, specifically in a university campus that is embedded in a city, thus it represents the Neighbourhood Area Network (NAN) level of the Smart Grid. In order to design an ICT infrastructure, we have introduced two related architectures: namely communications network architecture and a software architecture. Having access to the characteristics of a real NAN guides us to choose appropriate communication technologies and identify the actual requirements of the system. To implement these architectures at this level we need to gather and process information from environmental sensors (monitoring e.g. temperature, movement of people and vehicles) that can provide useful information about changes in the loading of the NAN, with information from instrumentation of the Power Grid itself. Energy constraints are one of the major limitations of the communication network in the Smart Grid, especially where wireless networking is proposed. Thus we analyse the most energy efficient method of collecting and sending data. The main contribution of this research is that we propose and implement an energy efficient ICT network and describe our software architecture at the NAN level, currently very underdeveloped. We also discuss our experimental results. To our knowledge, no such architectures have yet been implemented for collecting data which can provide the basis of Decision Support Tools (DSTs).

Resource Exhaustion Attack Detection Scheme for WLAN Using Artificial Neural Network

IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi networks are prone to many denial of service(DoS)attacks due to vulnerabilities at the media access control(MAC)layer of the 802.11 protocol.Due to the data transmission nature of the wireless local area network(WLAN)through radio waves,its communication is exposed to the possibility of being attacked by illegitimate users.Moreover,the security design of the wireless structure is vulnerable to versatile attacks.For example,the attacker can imitate genuine features,rendering classificationbased methods inaccurate in differentiating between real and false messages.Althoughmany security standards have been proposed over the last decades to overcome many wireless network attacks,effectively detecting such attacks is crucial in today’s real-world applications.This paper presents a novel resource exhaustion attack detection scheme(READS)to detect resource exhaustion attacks effectively.The proposed scheme can differentiate between the genuine and fake management frames in the early stages of the attack such that access points can effectively mitigate the consequences of the attack.The scheme is built through learning from clustered samples using artificial neural networks to identify the genuine and rogue resource exhaustion management frames effectively and efficiently in theWLAN.The proposed scheme consists of four modules whichmake it capable to alleviates the attack impact more effectively than the related work.The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique by gaining an 89.11%improvement compared to the existing works in terms of detection.

治涝导向的平原河网地区海绵城市实施路径探索——以宿迁市国家海绵城市示范系统化实施方案为例

针对平原河网地区的排涝特征与问题,在梳理构建治涝片区排水格局的基础上分类提出了针对性的治涝策略。对于具有一定坡度。在多数时期可以实现自排的治涝片区,采用“上蓄+中分+下排”模式,分段缓解排涝压力,提高城区排涝标准对于整体地势低洼,在多数时期很难自排的治涝片区,采用“建闸营圩,蓄排并举”模式,将雨水排口分散建设小型雨水泵站的模式调整为片区排涝主干河道末端建设大型排涝泵站的模式,充分利用片区内部河网的输送和调蓄能力,增强城区应对暴雨的韧性。

基于MobileViT轻量化网络的车载CAN入侵检测方法

车载控制区域网络(controller area network,CAN)总线因缺少安全措施而易被攻击,因此入侵检测系统(intrusion detection system,IDS)在保护车载CAN总线免受网络攻击中发挥着重要作用.现有基于深度学习的车载CAN总线入侵检测方法存在资源开销大和延迟较高的问题.为减少检测延迟,提高检测率,提出一种利用改进的轻量化MobileViT模型对车载CAN总线进行入侵检测的方法.首先,将攻击流量可视化为彩色图,再使用GELU替换MobileViT的MV2模块中常规ReLU6,从而作为该模块的激活函数,可有效解决神经元死亡问题,提升模型收敛速度.使用指数衰减自动更新学习率,并通过迁移学习加速训练过程实现对彩色图分类,从而达到对入侵行为的检测.基于CAR-HACKING DATASET数据集的实验表明,改进后的MobileViT在消耗较少算力的情况下对入侵行为的检测准确率为100%,模型参数仅为2.12 MB,平均响应时间仅为1.6 ms,节省了训练资源,并保证了检测的准确率.

大尺度圩田水网地区特色生态空间单元解析及传承策略研究——以高淳为例

我国幅员辽阔,各个地区的乡村空间各具特色。在诸如江浙一带的圩田水网地区便形成了独特的生态-聚落空间布局模式。文章以大尺度高淳水网地区的聚落空间为研究对象,在分析现状水系网络、农田体系、圩堤陆路等生态要素共同作用下的乡村特色空间基础上,从维持水田格局的特色性、分类引导聚落选址和堤路网体系优化布局三个方面,分别探究传承乡村特色空间的策略与导控方法,旨在为我国其他相似圩田水网地区的乡村特色空间传承提供实践指导方法和参考借鉴意义。

苏州市南星湖片区水网乡村景观生态风险时空动态变化与分区管控研究

苏南地区是中国城镇发展的先行区,具有复杂的水网空间特征,呈现出一定的地域特殊性。伴随快速化城镇发展,水网乡村景观格局破碎化、生态风险增加等问题突显,基于景观生态风险评价提出分区管控策略是维护地区生态系统稳定性的有效方法。以苏州市南星湖片区为例,运用景观格局指数构建景观生态风险评价模型,分析研究区2010–2020年景观生态风险的时空分布特征,并运用CA-Markov模型对2030年景观生态风险空间分布进行模拟预测,提出时空动态变化下的空间分区管控策略。研究表明2010–2020年南星湖片区景观生态风险呈上升趋势,高、较高风险面积占比分别增加7.77%、4.58%,中、较低风险面积有所下降,多向更高一级风险转移,其中荷花荡、甫港村等建设用地扩张区域风险等级上升较显著。2030年情景模拟下景观生态风险等级不断上升,高、较高、中风险范围逐步扩张,面积占比分别增加3.3%、0.23%、2.16%,较低、低风险面积则逐步缩减,相较于现状,2030年情景模拟下风险等级上升区主要集中于南星湖、汾湖周边等建设用地与水域镶嵌分布区域。将2020年与2030年土地利用模拟下的景观生态风险空间分布进行叠置分析,基于现状与潜在风险区识别结果并提出时空动态演变下的空间分区管控策略,为实现苏南水网乡村生态保护和合理开发提供科学指导。

体域网中基于多因子优先级的高效资源调度

媒体访问控制(MAC)在确保无线体域网(WBAN)的正常运行方面起着关键的作用。然而,动态环境下紧急数据低延迟和低能耗的高性能需求仍未很好地解决。该文提出一种多因子紧急调度方案(MESS)来满足这样一个严格的需求。首先,针对实际应用场景中数据异质性的特性,设计一种数据分类方法,该方法将数据分为周期数据和紧急数据,这对不同的节点来说更加符合实际情况;其次,设计一种多因子优先级划分方案,包括疾病相关因子、关键程度因子、健康严重程度因子和信息年龄因子,4个因子可以更全面地考虑节点的关键特征;此外,还设计了一种动态时隙分配和排序方法,将节点的时隙依据数据分类和多因子优先级进行动态分配和排序。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,相较于传统方案所提方案在延迟和能效方面具有明显优势。

基于VORC模型的水网乡村生态系统健康评价及管控策略——以吴江区为例

健康的生态系统能够维持生态活力及组织力,抵御和适应外界压力,发挥生态系统服务功能。文章以苏州市吴江区为例,基于“活力(V)—组织力(O)—恢复力(R)—贡献力(C)”模型,定量评价水网乡村生态系统健康水平,分析生态系统健康空间分异特征,为生态空间分区管控提供科学依据。研究结果表明:吴江区生态系统健康综合指数在空间分布上呈正相关性,表现出“高值区较离散,低值区较集聚”的特征。健康高值区多聚集于乡村水网密布区域,生态环境质量较好,生态功能较完善;健康低值区主要集中于乡村工业产业建设集聚区域,受建设用地扩张影响,水网乡村景观生态健康水平下降。结合健康等级将吴江区划分为核心保护区、生态缓冲区、协调发展区和开发管控区等4类空间管控分区,并针对性地提出差异化管控策略。生态系统健康评价可为生态空间分区管控提供依据和参考,促进水网乡村生态系统持续、健康发展。

基于CANBUS的蓄电池组计算机监测系统

介绍一种由计算机和采集器二级系统组成的蓄电池组计算机监测系统 ,实时监测蓄电池组的总电压、充电电流、放电电流及单体电压等参数 ,详细叙述了采集器的组成 ,蓄电池组单体电压的测量 ,CAN总线的特点。

基于FNN的城市景观照明智能节能控制方法仿真

为了降低景观照明用电能耗,提升节能效果,提出基于FNN的城市景观照明智能节能控制方法。分析城市景观照明需求,依据分析结果建立景观照明区域划分模型,利用上述模型将城市景观照明区域划分为开启区域和关闭区域,并在开关区域之间建立缓冲区域,规避城市景观照明控制时出现的延迟误差问题;采集景观照明设备运行状态数据,通过FNN网络对其实施训练学习,获取完整的设备状态数据集;基于获取的数据集通过模糊神经网络设计节能控制器,并利用以上节能控制器实现城市景观照明智能节能控制。实验结果表明,使用该方法对景观照明开展智能节能控制时,调光时长、照明时间以及用电能耗均得到了良好控制,说明其能够满足照明节能需求。