On the Generalization of Integrator and Integral Control Action

This paper provides a solution to generalize the integrator and the integral control action. It is achieved by defining two function sets to generalize the integrator and the integral control action, respectively, resorting to a stabilizing controller and adopting Lyapunov method to analyze the stability of the closed-loop system. By originating a powerful Lyapunov function, a universal theorem to ensure regionally as well as semi-globally asymptotic stability is established by some bounded information. Consequently, the justification of two propositions on the generalization of integrator and integral control action is verified. Moreover, the conditions used to define the function sets can be viewed as a class of sufficient conditions to design the integrator and the integral control action, respectively.

The Effect of Procrastination on Physical Exercise among College Students—The Chain Effect of Exercise Commitment and Action Control

Background:Exercise procrastination is prevalent among college students,causing decline in physical fitness.It is imperative to investigate the mechanism affecting college students’physical activity behaviors.This study was aimed at investigating the effect of procrastination on college students’physical exercise behavior,and the chain mediation effects of exercise commitment and action control(AC),to provide a theoretical basis for interventions targeting physical exercise behavior among college students.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted using convenience sampling.The General Procrastination Scale,Exercise Commitment Scale,Action Control Scale,and Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 questionnaires were used.Participants were 581 college students(age 19.27±0.94 years;243 males and 338 females).Statistical methods of regression analysis and structural equation modeling(SEM)were applied.Results:Procrastination,exercise commitment,and action control were found to be significant predictors of physical exercise behavior.Among these predictors,exercise commitment and action control showed full mediation effects in the relationship between procrastination and physical exercise behavior,and explained 25.48%and 30.77%of the total variance,respectively.The chain mediation effect of exercise commitment-action control was significant,accounting for 22.60%of the total variance,and the total indirect effect was 79.33%.Conclusion:Therefore,higher procrastination was associated with less participation in physical exercise behavior among college students.Improvements in exercise commitment and volitional decision-making ability for physical exercise behavior promoted physical exercise behavior,and increased exercise commitment promoted volitional decision-making ability among the students.The chain reaction effect of exercise commitment and action control also buffered the negative effects of procrastination on physical exercise behavior,thereby increasing physical exercise behavior among college students.

Impact of China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on PM2.5 chemical composition over eastern China

China promulgated the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(the Action Plan)in 2013 and developed stringent control measures to mitigate fine particulate matter(PM2.5) pollution.Here,we investigated the PM2.5 chemical composition changes over eastern China associated with the Action Plan during 2013-2017 using satellite-based PM2.5 chemical composition data derived using CMAQ simulations and satellite inputs.The PM2.5 concentrations decreased considerably during this time as a result of the reductions in all chemical species in PM2.5.The population-weighted mean concentrations over eastern China decreased from 11.1 to 6.7μgm-3 for SO42-,13.8-13.1μgm-3 for NO3-,7.4-5.8μgm-3 for NH4+,9.9-8.4μgm-3 for OM,4.6-3.8μg m-3 for BC and 12.9-9.6μg m-3 for other species in PM2.5.SO42-had the largest reduction of 40%,while NO3-had the lowest reduction of 5%,resulting in a greater fraction of NO3-and a smaller fraction of SO42-in PM2.5.Among the three key regions,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei had the largest reduction in PM2.5 and its chemical compositions.The decrease in SO42-concentrations was in line with the reduction of SO2 emissions,and the major driver of the SO2 emission reductions was the industrial sector.The decrease in NO3 concentrations was limited because the decrease in SO2 emissions and the stable NH3 emissions facilitated the formation of NO3-from HNO3,which partially offset the reduction in NOx emissions driven by the power sector.To mitigate PM2.5 pollution more effectively,future efforts are needed to reduce NH3 emissions.

Action Control of Soccer Robots Based on Simulated Human Intelligence

A multi-modal action control approach is proposed for an autonomous soccer robot when the bottom hardware is unchangeable. Different from existing methods, the proposed control approach defines actions with the principle of ＂perception-planning-action＂ inspired by human intelligence. Character extraction is used to divide the perception input into different modes. Different control modes are built by combining different control methods for the linear velocity and angular velocity. Based on production rules, the motion control is realized by connecting different perceptions to the corresponding control mode. Simulation and real experiments are conducted with the middle-sized robot Frontier-I, and the proposed method is compared with a proportional-integral-derivative （PID） control method to display its feasibility and performance. The results show that the multi-modal action control method can make robots react rapidly in a dynamic environment.

Application of Statistical Process Control for Setting Action Thresholds as Quality Assurance of Dose Verifications in External Beam Radiotherapy

Purpose: To test the concept of Statistical Process Control (SPC) as a Quality Assurance (QA) procedure for dose verifications in external beam radiation therapy in conventional and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) treatment of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A study of QA verification of target doses of 198 cervical cancer patients undergoing External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) treatments at two different cancer treatment centers in Kenya was conducted. The target doses were determined from measured entrance doses by the diode in vivo dosimetry. Process Behavior Charts (PBC) developed by SPC were applied for setting Action Thresholds (AT) on the target doses. The AT set was then proposed as QA limits for acceptance or rejection of verified target doses overtime of the EBRT process. Result and Discussion: Target doses for the 198 patients were calculated and SPC applied to test whether the action limits set by the Process Behavior Charts could be applied as QA for verified doses in EBRT. Results for the two sub-groups of n = 3 and n = 4 that were tested produced action thresholds which are within clinical dose specifications for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. Conclusion: Action thresholds set by SPC were within the clinical dose specification of ±5% uncertainty for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. So the concept of SPC could be applied in setting QA action limits for dose verifications in EBRT.

中国大气污染防治政策与空气污染治理——基于城市级面板数据的实证研究

2013年颁布实施的《大气污染防治行动计划》是我国首个针对环境突出问题开展综合治理的行动计划;为巩固治理效果,应对动态变化的环境问题,2018年国务院进一步发布了《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》。研究利用中国258个城市2013年1月至2020年9月日度空气污染数据,实证检验了上述两阶段政策对空气质量的影响,并从不同污染物治理效果、时间和区域异质性等角度分析了政策效应的差异。结果指出:第一,“大气十条”和“蓝天保卫战”均显著降低了AQI、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO;第二,相比“大气十条”,“蓝天保卫战”对NO_(2)的减排效应更高,且实现对O_(3)的协同治理;第三,“大气十条”和“蓝天保卫战”对各污染物的减排效应因供暖时期、地区能源资源禀赋呈现出较强的异质性特征。

基于措施优先级的失效模式和效应分析在结直肠术手术部位感染防控中的应用

目的评估结直肠手术后手术部位感染(SSI)防控措施执行的过程风险,探讨基于措施优先级的失效模式和效应分析(FMEA)的应用效果。方法应用基于措施优先级的FMEA评估结直肠手术后SSI防控措施执行的整个流程,对是否采取优化措施进行优先级排序,比较FMEA实施前后结直肠手术SSI防控措施依从项达标率、SSI发病率。结果评估后SSI高优先级防控措施7项,中优先级22项,对中优先级措施加强控制,重点对高优先级措施制定进一步的预防和可探测措施。改进后再评价结果显示,7项高优先级措施降至中优先级;16项中优先级措施降至低优先级。SSI防控措施执行达标率由77.15%(2566/3326)提高至92.47%(3096/3348),SSI发病率由6.04%(58/960)降至2.54%(60/2364)。结论运用基于措施优先级的FMEA可对结直肠手术SSI防控过程进行有效风险评估,并结合现状针对性采用预防性风险控制措施,可降低结直肠手术SSI发病率。

瑶药小钻的特征图谱及其安五脂素含量和抗炎活性研究

目的 建立瑶药小钻特征图谱及其主要成分安五脂素含量测定方法,并评价安五脂素抗炎活性。方法 采用高效液相色谱法,以乙腈-0.5%磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)》建立小钻药材的特征图谱和进行相似度评价,并测定小钻中安五脂素含量。以脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞为炎症细胞模型,考察安五脂素对细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6水平的影响。结果 10批小钻样品的特征图谱相似度为0.901~0.994;标定了9个共有峰,指认了3个成分,分别为长南五味子素E、南五味子内酯A、安五脂素;安五脂素的含量为(0.72±0.05)~(1.21±0.03)mg/g(n=3)。0.125~0.5μg/mL的安五脂素可显著降低炎症模型细胞上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 建立了小钻药材HPLC特征图谱及其安五脂素含量测定方法;安五脂素可能是小钻药材发挥抗炎作用的有效成分。

柔翼结构飞行器智能控制系统关键技术与途径

柔翼结构飞行器具有轻质、空间集成、重复使用、有较大的阻力面积和升力系数等优点,可实现巡航飞行、低速驻空、再入返回、气动减速、定点归航、着陆缓冲等功能,是当前的研究热点。智能控制系统是柔翼结构飞行器飞航与回收着陆系统的核心技术之一,结合智能技术在控制系统中的应用研究与工程实践,对柔翼结构飞行器智能控制系统及其技术特征进行了分析;介绍了刚-柔组合体一体化控制与仿真、环境感知与健康状态在线评估、航迹规划与跟踪飞行控制、集群飞行控制、着陆与缓冲智能控制、智能硬件容错与重构等关键技术。对柔翼结构飞行器智能控制系统的未来发展进行了思考,提出了飞行环境的智能及柔性感知、气动参数的在线识别、多任务模式自主执行及控制系统的演进学习等发展建议,通过对智能控制技术持续不断地研究与实践,为柔翼结构飞行器系统的研制提供强有力的支撑。

蒲公英化学成分和药理作用研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析

蒲公英Taraxaci Herba是我国药食同源中药材之一。蒲公英化学成分类型丰富,药理作用应用广泛,现代研究表明,蒲公英中富含黄酮类、酚酸类、萜类、糖类、甾醇类、脂肪酸类、色素类等多种化学成分,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、保肝利胆、抑菌、抗氧化、调节免疫等多重作用功效。通过文献汇总,对蒲公英化学成分和药理作用最新研究进展进行整理总结,并运用质量标志物(quality marker,Q-Marker)核心理念,围绕植物亲缘学及化学成分特有性,成分与药性和药效的关系以及化学成分可测性四个角度,并结合分子对接模拟分析方法,对蒲公英质量标志物预测分析。归纳出咖啡酸、绿原酸、芦丁、槲皮素、蒲公英甾醇、蒲公英多糖等成分可作为蒲公英主要的质量标志物的候选成分,为完善蒲公英质量标准提供依据,以期为蒲公英科学合理的质量控制以及后续的深入研究利用提供参考。

基于安全控制结构模型的高校实验室安全风险动态评估

为有效评估高校实验室安全风险状态和优化动态安全管理对策,提出一种基于多层安全控制结构模型的高校实验室安全动态评估方法。首先,建立一种多层安全控制结构模型,以确定高校实验室火灾爆炸事故的致因因素和控制缺陷;在此基础上,提出一种基于系统理论的事故模型和贝叶斯网络(BN)相结合的安全动态反馈评价方法,推断计算出高校实验室安全风险状态的概率、分析影响事故的风险因素,识别出高校实验室安全中的关键风险因素。研究表明:基于安全控制结构模型的风险动态评估方法涵盖了传统方法识别的所有风险,同时还能够发现潜在风险;对危险化学品的操作不正确,试验过程违反操作规程以及电气线路出现老化、短路或缺陷等因素是影响高校实验室安全风险的关键风险因素。

小偏差永磁同步电机双矢量模型预测控制

传统的永磁同步电机双矢量模型预测控制的合成电压矢量与参考电压矢量的偏差较大,且存在计算量大、开关频率高的缺点,在实际工况中难以实现良好的控制性能。为了解决上述问题,提出一种小偏差永磁同步电机双矢量模型预测控制策略,通过分析参考电压矢量的变化规律,构造新的电压矢量选择表,将电压矢量的选择范围从六个降为三个,减小计算量的同时也降低了开关频率;针对传统的作用时间计算方法存在的问题,提出基于偏差最小原则的作用时间计算方法,并详细证明了该方法的优越性。仿真和实验结果显示,所提出的方法能够有效减小计算量和降低开关频率,同时具有较好的稳态和动态性能。

Characteristics of mining gas channel expansion in the remote overlying strata and its control of gas flow

The technology of pressure relief gas drainage is one of the most effective and economic for preventing gas emissions in underground mines.Based on current understanding of strata breakage and fracture development in overlying strata,the current study divides the overlying strata into the following three longitudinal zones in terms of the state of gas flow:a turbulent channel zone,a transitional circulation channel zone and a seepage channel zone.According to the key strata discrimination theory of controlling the overlying strata,the calculation method establishes that the step-type expansion of the mining gas channel corresponds to the advancing distance of working face,and this research also confrms the expanding rule that the mining gas channel in overlying strata follows the advancing distance of mining working face.Based on the geological conditions of Xinjing Coal Mine of Yangquan,this paper researches the expanding rule of mining gas channel as well as the control action of the channel acting on the pressure relief flow under the condition of the remote protective layer,and got the distance using inversion that the step-type expanding of mining gas channel is corresponding to the advancing distance of working face,which verifes the accuracy and feasibility of theoretical calculation method proposed in this study.The research provides the theoretical basis for choosing the technology of pressure relief gas drainage and designing the parameters of construction.

木霉菌在植物病虫害生物防治中的应用研究进展

木霉菌作为一种常用的生防菌,在植物抗病、促生等方面起着十分重要的作用。随着病原菌耐药性的不断增强,传统的抗生素类药物大量失效,同时大量使用抗生素会造成环境污染。生防菌作为一种新兴的生防制剂开始逐步被大面积使用。开发木霉菌以及相应制剂具有十分广阔的前景。基于此,介绍了木霉菌的作用机制,包括竞争、重寄生、产生抑菌物质和诱导抗性,总结了木霉菌中的生防应用,分析了木霉菌在不同植物中的促生作用,提出了相关展望,以期为今后生物防治的多向化发展提供参考。

放线菌防治根结线虫的作用机制及研究进展

根结线虫病是全球性植物土传病害,每年造成巨大经济损失。传统的线虫防治方法因成本高、毒性大、线虫易产生抗药性、危害生态环境等原因不符合农业生产绿色可持续发展的理念。放线菌因其能适应各种生境,代谢产物丰富,且能通过诱导植物产生免疫防御,调节植物根部微生物区系,分泌多种酶等方式来安全高效地防治根结线虫病而广受关注和研究。本文主要综述了放线菌防治根结线虫的作用机制及目前所取得的研究进展,以期为开发、应用放线菌资源进行线虫生物防治提供帮助。

基于角色建模的运动员动作动画交互演示方法

为了更好地展示动画交互效果,提升用户的体验感,提出基于角色建模的运动员动作动画交互演示方法。基于人体骨骼模型和骨骼蒙皮实现角色建模,建立三维场景,为人物活动提供虚拟环境。通过PD控制器实现对角色模型的行为控制,虚拟交互技术则实现了动画制作交互式演示。实验结果表明:该研究方法能够较好地完成人体动作交互演示,并通过交互演示延迟时间验证,证明该方法应用下的交互演示灵敏度实现了研究的预期目标。

“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策的实施效果研究

推动减污降碳协同增效是深入打好污染防治攻坚战,实现碳达峰的必然要求。将《大气污染防治行动计划》和《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》视为一个连贯政策,运用渐进双重差分法探究了于2015和2018年提出的“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策实施效果。研究表明:“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策显著提高了“SO_(2)-CO_(2)”排放强度协同度和“PM-CO_(2)”排放量(强度)协同度,但该政策对“SO_(2)-CO_(2)”排放量协同度无显著影响。机制分析表明,提升政府监管水平、弱化政企关系以及增强企业绿色创新是政策的主要传导机制。异质性分析表明,政策效果在不同能耗水平的城市中具有显著差异,比起高污染上市公司,高耗能中小企业在污染物和CO_(2)的协同减排措施上仍存在较大改善空间。研究结论对我国优化“持续深入打好蓝天保卫战”相关政策提供启示。

植物根际促生菌在烟草根茎类病害防治中的应用研究进展

烟草是重要的经济作物,经济价值高。烟草根茎类病害的发生导致一定的烟草损失。本文阐述了烟草根黑腐病、烟草黑胫病和烟草青枯病等烟草根茎类病害的发生和危害,分析了烟草根茎类病害的防治现状,包括农业防治、化学防治和生物防治等内容,提出了植物根际促生菌的研究进展,探讨了其作用机制及在防治烟草病害中的应用前景,总结了用于防治烟草病害的植物根际促生菌主要种类,提出了相关展望,以期为有效防治烟草根茎类病害和推广应用植物根际促生菌提供参考。

贯叶连翘的历史沿革、化学成分及药理作用研究进展

贯叶连翘是我国传统中药之一,在宋代之前作为连翘中的“小翘”应用于临床,为今之“贯叶金丝桃”的带根全草,具有收敛止血,清热解毒,利湿等功效。主要含有黄酮类、间苯三酚类、萘骈二蒽酮类、挥发油类、酚酸类等化学成分。现代药理研究表明贯叶连翘具有抗抑郁、抗菌、抗肿瘤、保肝及抗纤维化等作用,其药理作用的机制较为复杂,部分机制还有待进一步深入研究。本文对贯叶连翘历史沿革、化学成分、质量控制及药理作用等方面进行文献整理并展开综述,以期为贯叶连翘的药用部位扩展及后续深入开发研究提供参考和依据。

姿势控制联合功能性电刺激对脑卒中偏瘫足下垂步态稳定性及步行能力的影响

目的 研究姿势控制联合功能性电刺激对脑卒中足下垂患者步态稳定性及步行能力的影响。方法 选择2022年1月~2023年8月浙江省玉环市人民医院收治的脑卒中足下垂患者90例,按照随机数字表法分为常规组和电刺激组,每组45例。常规组给予包括神经肌肉电刺激、针灸以及患肢综合训练等常规对症治疗;电刺激组给予姿势控制联合功能性电刺激治疗,即先评估步态和姿势,确定需要改进的关键区域,再给予静态和动态姿势训练,8周内训练时间由每次5~10分钟延长至20~30分钟,并在此基础上使用功能性电刺激治疗仪对偏瘫侧下肢部位的股二头肌、胫骨前肌、腓肠肌及股四头肌的运动点给予电刺激治疗,30min/次,1次/d;并外将躯干、膝关节以及踝关节等部位固定在肢体智能反馈训练系统仪器上训练,每次20分钟,1次/d。两组每周治疗6天,持续治疗8周。比较两组下肢运动功能(FMA评分)、足下垂步态稳定性指标(步频、步幅、步宽、足偏角)、步行能力(FAC评分)、日常生活能力(MBI评分)和生活质量(GQOL-74评分)。结果 治疗后,电刺激组下肢FMA评分、步频、步幅、FAC评分、MBI评分及GQOL-74各项评分均较常规组高,而步宽、足偏角均较常规组低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 姿势控制联合功能性电刺激可改善脑卒中足下垂步态稳定性,促进步行能力恢复,改善下肢运动功能,提升日常生活能力及生活质量。