DISPLACEMENT CONTROL AND KINETIC ANALYSIS OF A NOVEL VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSOR FOR AUTOMOTIVE AIR CONDITIONER

A novel variable displacement compressor (VDC) for automotive air conditioner (AAC) is introduced, which inherits the advantages of common wobble plate type VDC. It has fewer parts and makes less noise, and instead of pneumatic valve the displacement is controlled by electronic control valve. In order to know the control mechanism well and get a good control effect, a mathematical model for the variable displacement mechanism is developed according to the geometrical and kinematical information of the compressor. Using the model, the effect of relevant parameters on variable displace control is estimated. It is helpful to make the optimum decision in the flow control of AAC. As the novel displacement control device, the structure and control rule of electronic control valve is introduced. It can get better effect than the conventional pneumatic valves. And by using this new electronic control device, the optimum systemic control of AAC is available.

From the new Austrian tunneling method to the geoengineering condition evaluation and dynamic controlling method

The new Austrian tunneling method （NATM） is widely applied in design and construction of underground engineering projects. When the type and distribution of unfavorable geological bodies （UGBs） associated with their influences on geoengineering are complicated or unfortunately are overlooked, we should pay more attentions to internal features of rocks grades IV and V （even in local but mostly controlling zones）. With increasing attentions to the characteristics, mechanism and influences of engineering construction-triggered geohazards, it is crucial to fully understand the disturbance of these geohazards on project construction. A reasonable determination method in construction procedure, i.e. the shape of working face, the type of engineering support and the choice of feasible procedure, should be considered in order to mitigate the construction-triggered geohazards. Due to their high sensitivity to groundwater and in-situ stress, various UGBs exhibit hysteretic nature and failure modes. To give a complete understanding on the internal causes, the emphasis on advanced comprehensive geological forecasting and overall reinforcement treatment is therefore of more practical significance. Compre- hensive evaluation of influential factors, identification of UGB, and measures of discontinuity dynamic controlling comprises the geoengineering condition evaluation and dynamic controlling method. In a case of a cut slope, the variations of UGBs and the impacts of key environmental factors are presented, where more severe construction-triggered geohazards emerged in construction stage than those predicted in design and field investigation stages. As a result, the weight ratios of different influential factors with respect to field investigation, design and construction are obtained.

纺纱空调系统运行仿真及机器学习辅助调控

针对纺纱车间采用传统的PID控制车间温湿度不稳定问题,采用机器学习的BP神经网络对后台历史数据进行监督学习,并建立空调设备自控参数的专家库。当PID调控产生温湿度较大波动时采用信息库建立好的空调控制参数直接介入辅助控制。基于热量平衡、湿量平衡以及风量平衡开发了纺纱空调仿真系统,并分析了风机、水泵、二回风窗、新风窗对于车间温湿度控制的影响。为验证辅助调控的效果,将BP神经网络预测的空调控制参数介入车间温湿度控制,并与传统PID控制车间的温湿度进行了对比。结果表明:采用BP神经网络辅助调控空调系统的参数,车间温湿度稳定性优于传统PID控制。认为:机器学习辅助调控纺纱空调系统可达到稳定控制温湿度的目的。

基于舒适节能控制的分体式空调建模与仿真

分体式空调在住宅和办公室应用非常广泛,耗费电能数量巨大。然而绝大部分空调并不具备最佳运行策略,在运行过程中存在着很大的电能浪费问题,因此采用合适的空调控制策略使空调运行在既节能又舒适的状态上就显得尤为重要。于是着眼于保障舒适性并降低房间空调器的能耗,首先分析空调运行状态,建立房间环境模型和分体式空调运行模型,然后通过按需启停和适当调整空调温度设定值等方法对空调进行控制,最后对仿真结果进行分析得出使室内环境维持舒适且节能的基于规则的最优运行控制策略。

电动车空调内外循环风门模糊控制研究

电动车空调内外循环风门控制对乘客舱防雾、空气清新度、空调能耗等多个方面有重要影响,但是内外循环风门控制难以建立精确的数学模型。文章采用模糊控制方法,将起雾风险、CO_(2)浓度、空调负荷作为输入,将内外循环风门开度作为输出,采用高斯型函数,利用MATLAB Simulink软件建立模糊控制器,并基于Simscape软件搭建汽车空调仿真模型。经过仿真验证,内外循环风门模糊控制方法可以在乘客舱防雾、空气清新度、空调能耗等多方面都有很好的控制效果,相比固定比例外循环控制,模糊控制综合评分最高,综合性能表现最好。

水蓄冷空调系统运行策略的分析

我国空调系统用电量占比越来越大,空调节能降耗成为建筑节能的重要研究方向。水蓄冷技术是空调节能的重要技术之一。介绍水蓄冷空调系统的特点和工作原理,提出基于复杂工况的建筑负荷预测和控制方法,实现蓄冷设备对能源的灵活消耗和存储。根据建筑空调在不同蓄冷率下的环控策略分析可知,通过合理优化运行策略,水蓄冷空调系统具有良好的投资经济性。

CO_(2)变频空调系统软件设计研究

二氧化碳变频空调综合了二氧化碳环保理念与变频空调节能实用性两方面优点,通过理论与实践相结合的方法探究CO_(2)变频空调控制方法,总结出CO_(2)变频空调的压缩机转速控制逻辑与电子膨胀阀控制逻辑,同时对系统做出必要的3种保护。最后通过软件设计对二氧化碳变频空调的功能予以实现得出验证,在一定环境温度下系统最终进入稳定状态,且不同环境温度下系统都可以满足温度控制要求。

生物质灰土壤调理剂对烟草青枯病的防控效果

为考察生物质灰土壤调理剂与微生物菌剂配施对烟草青枯病的防治效果,开展了田间小区试验。试验以不施土壤调理剂和微生物菌剂的处理为对照,土壤调理剂施用量设150、200、300 kg/亩(1亩=667 m^(2))等3个水平,测定了不同处理的土壤理化性状、烟草农艺性状、烟草青枯病发病率等指标。结果表明,生物质灰土壤调理剂施用量为300 kg/亩的效果最好,处理前后土壤pH由5.30提高至6.30,不同生育时期的烟草株高、有效叶片数、平均叶面积和叶面积系数均优于其他处理的,青枯病发病率由对照处理的45.6%降至7.4%。生物质灰土壤调理剂与微生物菌剂配施可以降低青枯病的发病率,促进烟株生长。

Dynamic Control of Defective Gap Mode Through Defect Location

A one dimensional model is developed for defective gap mode（DGM）with two types of boundary conditions：conducting mesh and conducting sleeve.For a periodically modulated system without defect,the normalized width of spectral gaps equals to the modulation factor,which is consistent with previous studies.For a periodic system with local defects introduced by the boundary conditions,it shows that the conducting-mesh-induced DGM is always well confined by spectral gaps while the conducting-sleeve-induced DGM is not.The defect location can be a useful tool to dynamically control the frequency and spatial periodicity of DGM inside spectral gaps.This controllability can be potentially applied to the interaction between gap eigenmodes and energetic particles in fusion plasmas,and optical microcavities and waveguides in photonic crystals.

城轨车辆直流辅助供电变频空调综合电源与控制方案研究

现有城轨车辆的辅助供电以工频交流系统为主,其输出的AC380V交流电为变频空调等设备供电,且空调电气控制未与辅助电源设备统一考虑、协同设计,造成系统电源重复变换,供电效率不高。文章在分析现有辅助供电技术和变频空调电气控制技术的基础上,采用近年逐步展开研究的中高频变流技术、变频空调综合电源与控制技术,提出一种采用直流架构的辅助供电系统及变频空调的综合电源与控制方案,首先详细阐述2种系统架构设计思路、综合电源装置的电气组成和控制方案,其次分析其在提高供电效率、减少部件数量、增强空调协同控制、提高乘车环境舒适性等方面的优势,同时指出方案的技术难点,最后对所述方案的技术和功能提升进行展望。

Analysis of Meteorological Epidemic Factors and Soil Improvement Controlling Technology of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacarum)

[Objective] The paper was to analyze the meteorological epidemic factors for occurrence and prevalence of tobacco bacterial wilt （ Ralstonia solanaca- rum）, and to study control effects of different soil conditioners on the bacterial disease in Gacligongshan demonstration area of green, ecological, high quality tobac- co leaf production. [Method] The plots attacked by tobacco bacterial wilt over the years were selected and the incidence of the disease was periodically surveyed in tobacco growth period in 2012, 2103 and 2014, respectively. 10 d Effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were counted according to the meteorological data, and the relationship between meteorological factors and disease index was analyzed. The control effects of three kinds of soil conditioners ＂Zhuanggenfeng＂, refined fulvic acid and lime on tobacco bacterial wilt were tested. [ Result] The analysis results of meteorological factors showed that 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were positively correlated to disease index. The variation curve of 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall reflected the change trend of disease index. The pH values were increased by 0.57, 0.50 and 0.72 respectively after applying ＂Zhuanggenfeng＂, refined fulvic acid and lime. The aver- age control effects on tobacco bacterial wilt were 60.74% -62. 18%, 53.05% -59.53%, and 48.59% -58.53%, respectively. [ Conclusion] 10 d Effective accumulated temperature and rainfall could be used as important reference for disease forecasting and controUing. The usage of soil conditioner has a certain preven- tion and control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt disease by forming soil conditions conducive to flue-cured tobacco growth but adverse to disease survival, which is an effective auxiliary method against the disease.

基于五桥臂MMC-UPQC的复合模型预测控制研究

针对模块化多电平统一电能质量调节器(modular multilevel unified power quality conditioner, MMC-UPQC)六桥臂结构下的单相桥臂故障问题,提出了一种五桥臂拓扑,这种新型拓扑可实现故障情况下的电能质量补偿。首先,对MMC-UPQC串并联侧的数学模型进行分析,提出了一种复合模型预测控制(hybrid model predictive control,H-MPC),所提控制方法结合了有限集模型预测控制(finite-control-set model predictive control, FCS-MPC)以及快速模型预测控制(fast model predictive control, F-MPC)。然后,通过构建两侧独立的价值函数减少了控制方法的计算量,同时也实现了五桥臂解耦控制。最后,相比传统线性(例如PI)和非线性(例如无源控制passivity-based control,PBC)的控制策略,所提复合模型预测控制在电压补偿、负序电压抑制以及谐波电流补偿等方面具有一定优势,并在一定程度上避免了复杂的参数整定及坐标变化环节。仿真实验结果证明了所提控制方法的可行性和优越性。

Intelligent Controller for UPQC Using Combined Neural Network

The Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) plays an important role in the constrained delivery of electrical power from the source to an isolated pool of load or from a source to the grid. The proposed system can compensate voltage sag/swell, reactive power compensation and harmonics in the linear and nonlinear loads. In this work, the off line drained data from conventional fuzzy logic controller. A novel control system with a Combined Neural Network (CNN) is used instead of the traditionally four fuzzy logic controllers. The performance of combined neural network controller compared with Proportional Integral (PI) controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The system performance is also verified experimentally.

空调控制参数用户设定偏好的预测方法

空调器智能化提升的方向,是使平时需要用户设定的控制参数值自动地调整为用户的偏好值。这就需要空调器能够准确预测出用户偏好的设定参数,在实现上则有赖于对用户历史操作数据的学习,但这又超出了空调器单片机的计算能力。本文提出云端学习及本地计算相结合的空调用户偏好的预测方法,将学习用户历史操作数据等复杂的计算任务放到云端服务器,使得对于控制参数的预测不会超过空调器单片机的计算能力。该方法中,云端服务器完成对用户历史数据的预处理和递归式特征消除后,使用梯度提升框架训练数据并得到学习模型;空调器单片机下载由云端生成的多维矩阵,建立对预测值的插值查询规则后即得到本地预测方法。本文在对上述建立的学习算法和预测方法进行验证时,将上海、重庆和广州3个不同地域的城市的用户夏季使用数据(不含8月)作为训练集,8月的数据作为测试集。验证结果表明:用户实际设定温度与预测值的误差在±0.5℃内的占比平均为84%,最高为88%;用户实际设定风速与预测值的误差在±10%内的占比平均为92%,最高为94%。验证结果表明本文提出的云端学习及本地计算相结合的用户偏好的预测方法能够准确地预测用户偏好。

Analysis and Design Aspects of a Series Power Semiconductor Array with Digital Waveform Control Capability for Single Phase AC Voltage Regulators and Other Applications

A series connected power semiconductor array, with digital control capability could be used for developing single phase AC regulators or other applications such as AC electronic loads. This technique together with an ordinary gapless transformer could be used to develop a low cost AC voltage regulator (AVR) to provide better or comparable specifications with bulky ferro-resonant AVR types. One primary advantage of the technique is that digital control can be used to minimize harmonics. Commencing with a review of AC voltage regulator techniques for single phase power conditioning systems, an analysis and design aspects of this technique is presented with experimental results for AVRs. Guidelines on how to utilize the technique in a generalized basis is also summarized together with a summary of a technique for achieving harmonic control.

纯电动汽车热泵空调系统控制策略

为保持纯电动汽车车室环境的热舒适性并提高能量使用效率,本文对纯电动汽车热泵空调系统的控制策略进行了研究。利用AMESim搭建了纯电动汽车热泵空调系统车室仿真平台,设计了开关控制策略、PID控制策略和模糊控制策略。采用Matlab/Simulink分别对3种控制策略进行仿真。在模糊控制策略的基础上加入了前馈控制环节并进行仿真。结果表明:开关控制策略、PID控制策略和模糊控制策略下COP值分别约为1.50、1.80和1.85;引入前馈控制环节前温度波动约为0.5℃,引入后无明显变化。在系统的动态响应和能效比方面模糊控制策略的控制性能优于开关控制和PID控制;加入前馈控制环节后的模糊控制策略有效地提高了系统在外部环境变化时的系统动态响应,降低了车室温度的波动。

基于有限集模型预测控制的UPQC预测直接控制策略

针对统一电能质量调节器(unified power quality conditioner,UPQC)线性控制算法中存在的控制结构复杂、控制器参数整定困难以及控制延时等问题,提出一种基于有限集模型预测控制(finite control set model predictive control,FCS-MPC)的UPQC预测直接控制策略。在分析UPQC直接控制系统构成基础上,基于FCS-MPC基本原理,实现了同步旋转坐标系下UPQC的有限集模型预测直接控制系统建模,有效简化了控制器结构,降低了控制算法的复杂度;基于UPQC系统有功功率平衡以及负载基波电压幅值恒定原控制器参数整定困难以及控制延时等问题,提出一种基于有则,建立了适用于UPQC串联侧与并联侧预测直接控制策略的给定值产生机制;最后,采用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件将所提控制策略与传统线性控制算法进行了对比仿真,并基于DSP (digital signal processor)(10)FPGA (field programmable gate array)(10)TYPHOON HIL402实验平台进行了实验验证,仿真与实验结果验证了所提控制策略的有效性和可行性。

高大平房仓空调控温结合氮气气调对小麦品质的影响

对4个高大平房仓储粮小麦在度夏期间进行空调控温。在此基础上选取2个仓进行氮气气调,研究了单独空调控温以及空调控温结合氮气气调储粮过程中小麦的品质变化情况。研究结果表明:仅单独空调控温时,随着储藏时间的增加,小麦的害虫数量不断增加,而小麦的害虫数量在氮气气调后则开始呈现显著降低的趋势;两种储粮方式下小麦的水分含量、容重和面筋吸水率均随着储藏时间的增加而降低,其中氮气气调的小麦水分含量、容重和面筋吸水率降低程度稍低于仅空调控温的小麦;小麦的色泽、气味和呕吐毒素含量在储藏期间未发现明显改变,表明应用氮气气调未对其产生显著影响。

考虑用户行为的变频空调参与一次调频控制策略

随着电力系统的发展,电网频率稳定运行迎来巨大挑战,发电侧调频成本也日益激增。为应对电网面临的诸多不利影响,使负荷侧参与电网调频,提出基于改进下垂控制的变频空调参与一次调频的分层控制策略。根据变频空调的工作特性,建立基于一阶物理模型的负荷聚合商模型;考虑空调温度状态(SOA),对普通下垂控制模型进行改进,并且考虑用户舒适度,建立基于SOA优先级列表的变频空调有序参与响应控制策略。所提策略能高效调度变频空调,调节系统频率。