Statistical physics of human beings in games:Controlled experiments

It is important to know whether the laws or phenomena in statistical physics for natural systems with non-adaptive agents still hold for social human systems with adaptive agents, because this implies whether it is possible to study or understand social human systems by using statistical physics originating from natural systems. For this purpose, we review the role of human adaptability in four kinds of specific human behaviors, namely, normal behavior, herd behavior, contrarian behavior, and hedge behavior. The approach is based on controlled experiments in the framework of market-directed resource-allocation games. The role of the controlled experiments could be at least two-fold： adopting the real human decision-making process so that the system under consideration could reflect the performance of genuine human beings; making it possible to obtain macroscopic physical properties of a human system by tuning a particular factor of the system, thus directly revealing cause and effect. As a result, both computer simulations and theoretical analyses help to show a few counterparts of some laws or phenomena in statistical physics for social human systems： two-phase phenomena or phase transitions, entropy-related phenomena, and a non-equilibrium steady state. This review highlights the role of human adaptability in these counterparts, and makes it possible to study or understand some particular social human systems by means of statistical physics coming from natural systems.

Experimental Study on Characteristics of NiMnGa Magnetically Controlled Shape Memory Alloy

The static and dynamic magnetic controlling characteristics of NiMnGa magnetically controlled shape memory alloy （MSMA） were experimentally studied. The results show that the characteristics of induced strain with respect to the magnetic field are nonlinear with saturation nature, and dependent on the temperature as well as the load applied to the MSMA. The magnetic shape memory effect can be observed only in complete martensite phase at room temperature. The magnetic permeability of MSMA is not constant and reduces with the increment of magnetic field. The relative saturation magnetic permeability of MSMA is about 1.5.

The Experimental Research of the Control System of Flexible Hose Instability

The experimental control system of the superelastic hose instability is based on S7-200PLC as controller. The superelastic hoses are sealed at their both ends. The breakdown condition of that is taken as the object of study under different combined and working conditions. The upper computer of the experimental bench adopts MCGS configuration software. The test of experiment can meet the control and real-time monitoring of experimental platform conditions. In the experiment,we measure and monitor the data of temperature,tensile force,pressure and so on by the analog modules. During the process of experiment,the actuators like the solenoid valve and the motor are controlled by the switch. The paper describes that the constitution of experimental control system of the superelastic hose instability, control function and the achievement of monitoring condition. It is convenient to operate in the control system,the design cost is low,the man-machine interface is simple and understandable,and the experimental control system will be significant in bio-engineering and medical research.

Experimental Study of Monitoring and Controlling of Composite Cure Process in Autoclave Featured with Fiber Optic Sensor

With the aid of the latest fiber optic sensing technology parameters in the cure process of ther- mosetting resin-matrix composite, such as temperature, viscosity,void and residual stress, can be monitored entirely and efficiently.In this paper, experiment results of viscosity measurement in composite cure process in autoclave using fiber optic sensors are presented. Based on the sensed information, a computer program is utilized to control the cure process. With this technology, the cure process becomes more apparent and controllable, which will greatly improve the cured products and reduce the cost.

Experimental study of the movement of control fluid in compound perforation

The interaction between the high pressure gas and the control fluid and the movement mechanism of the control fluid in compound perforation were studied by a series of large-scale experiments, where the movement behavior of the control fluid was observed. The curves of measured pressure were analyzed, a mathematical model for the rigid movement of the control fluid was established, and the movement velocity of control fluid was analyzed. Moreover, the velocity from experimental results and velocity from an analytical solution were contrasted. The movement of the control fluid in the initial stage was similar to the rigid movement; however, the propagation of the pressure wave in the control fluid should be taken into account. Experimental results are significant for research on the movement mechanism of control fluid in compound perforation.

Experimental study on surface arc plasma actuation-based hypersonic boundary layer transition flow control

Effective control of hypersonic transition is essential.In order to avoid affecting the structural proflle of the aircraft,as well as reducing power consumption and electromagnetic interference,a low-frequency surface arc plasma disturbance experiment to promote hypersonic transition was carried out in theΦ0.25 m double-throat Ludwieg tube wind tunnel at Huazhong University of Science and Technology.Contacting printed circuit board sensors and non-contact focused laser differential interferometry testing technology were used in combination.Experimental results showed that the low-frequency surface arc plasma actuation had obvious stimulation effects on the second-mode unstable wave and could promote boundary layer transition by changing the spectral characteristics of the second-mode unstable wave.At the same time,the plasma actuation could promote energy exchange between the second-mode unstable wave and other unstable waves.Finally,the corresponding control mechanism is discussed.

Seismic response control of a complex structure using multiple MR dampers: experimental investigation

This paper presents an experimental investigation on semi-active seismic response control of a multi- story building with a podium structure using multiple magnetorheological (MR) dampers manipulated by a logic control algorithm.The experiments are performed in three phases on a seismic simulator with a slender 12-story building model representing a multi-story building and a relatively stiff 3-story building model typifying a podium structure.The first phase of the investigation is to assess control performance of using three MR dampers to link the 3-story building to the 12-story building,in which seismic responses of the controlled two buildings are compared with those of the two buildings without any connection and with rigid connection.The second phase is to investigate reliability of the semi-active control system and robustness of the logic control algorithm when 2 out of 3 MR dampers fail and when the electricity supply to MR dampers is completely stopped.The last phase is to examine sensitivity of semi-active control performance of two buildings to change in ground excitation.The experimental results show that multiple MR dampers with the logic control algorithm can achieve a significant reduction in seismic responses of both buildings.The proposed semi-active control system is of high reliability and good robustness.

BNCT02加速器机器保护系统设计

中国科学院高能物理研究所第二台硼中子俘获治疗(BNCT02)加速器主要由1台离子源、1条低能束流传输线、1台射频四极加速器和3条高能束流传输线组成。为了保障BNCT02加速器的安全运行,设计了基于横河PLC和实验物理及工业控制系统(EPICS)软件工具包的机器保护系统。为了增强安全性,该系统采用了冗余设计,由两套完全独立且主要输入、输出信号一致的子系统构成。测试结果表明,BNCT02加速器机器保护系统的响应时间小于1.6 ms,且具有稳定可靠性高的特点,满足BNCT02加速器运行的需要。

A numerical experiment for the simulating effects of Kuwait oil fire and volcanoes in Philippines and Japan on the general circulation and climate

With an AGCM/ mixed-layer ocean model, a numerical experiment to investigate the ef-fects of Kuwait oil fire and volcanoes in Philippines and Japan on atmospheric general cireulationand climate is camed out. It is shown from the simulation that the effect of smoke on climate issignificant near the smoke sources, and quite weak-and-indirect in the distant areas. In the experi-ment, it is not found that the smoke had a significant effect on SST anomialy along the tropicaloceans and flood in Yangtze-Huaihe river's basin of China in the spring and summer of 1991.

Research on the Control Strategy of Variable Nozzle Turbocharger for Natural Gas Engine

A variable nozzle turbocharger （VNT） was applied to a 2.2-liter L4 natural gas engine,and a VNT control system was designed to operate it.Based on VNT matching test results,a VNT control strategy was studied,in which VNT adjustment is carried out through pre-calibrated VNT handling rod position,combined with a closed-loop target boost pressure feedback using proportional-integral-derivative（PID） algorithm.Experimental results showed that the VNT control system presented in this thesis can lead to optimized performance of VNT,increase engine volumetric efficiency over a wide speed range,improve engine dynamic characteristics and upgrade economic performance.

The application of EPICS in TMSR radiation protection and access control system

To treat technical problems of data acquisition,alarm management, and historical data archiving of radiation protection control system in Thorium Molten Salt Reactor, a network prototype system was designed based on experimental physics and industrial control system.Radiation level of many locations in Jiading campus of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics is being continuously monitored, and boundaries of accelerator facilities and radiochemical areas are defined by the access control system. In this paper, we introduce the control system design,including human–machine interfaces, alarm system, historical data archiving system, and the software for access control. The software development followed the standard of Capability Maturity Model Integration(CMMIò) Level3, and the software had passed a third-party test, which indicated that the functionality and the reliability could fulfill the requirements of the radiation protection system.

Development of Temperature-Humidity Independent Control Air-Conditioning Unit for Residential Buildings

Cooling panels are increasingly used in domestic residential buildings.To provide medium temperature cold water for the cooling panel,and dehumidify the indoor air simultaneously,a new kind of temperature-humidity independent control air-conditioning unit was developed for single residential house by utilizing multi-variable technology.First,the supply air temperature was studied to determine the proper supply air flow rate for the humidity control.Then,the energy consumption of different temperature-humidity independent control systems was studied.The analysis indicates that unity evaporating temperature can be used to handle the moisture load and sensible heat load in two evaporators.So the unit scheme was put forward.Two evaporators were used to produce medium temperature water and dry air separately,and electric expansion valves were used to control the refrigerant distribution between the two evaporators.Then,experimental work was carried out to investigate the influence of compressor frequency,refrigerant distribution on the dehumidification capacity,energy efficiency and refrigeration capacity.In the end,the paper concludes that both compressor frequency and refrigerant distribution can control the dehumidification capacity,but the former influences the EER more than the latter,while the latter influences the refrigeration capacity more than the former.We can find a proper running point at certain sensible and latent cooling load by adjusting both compressor frequency and electric expansion valve.The energy consumption of this kind of unit was estimated and compared with present room air conditioners,which shows that it can save about 41% cooling energy consumption.

Calcium Carbonate Lab Scale Continuous Carbon Dioxide-jet Controlled Production Following Fuzzy Logic Model

In this paper, lab scale production carried out of calcium carbonate in 400 mL open cylindrical beaker reactor following fuzzy logic approach is reported. 10 grams of Calcium hydroxide is mixed in 250 mL deionized water. Continuous jet supply of carbon dioxide is maintained at controlled flow rate. Reaction histories are noted for different reaction temperatures. Continuous constant magnetic stirring is applied to maintain homogeneity. The data obtained is fuzzified by constructing universe of discourse of temperature, reaction time, and amounts of reactants with reaction conversion. Rule based model is tabulated and results show that fuzzy logic approach is promising to set on data to plan and scale up the process. It is also found that a jump can not be made at this time with few studies of fuzzy logic applications to physiochemical processes unless otherwise amassing and storing up plentiful deduced explorations.

The new control system of HLS linac and transport line

The new linac and transport line control system of Hefei Light Source (HLS) is a distributed control sys- tem based on EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System). Industrial PC (IPC) is widely used as not only Input/Output Controller (IOC) but also device controller. Besides industrial PC, PLC and microcontroller are also used as device controllers. The software for industrial PC based device controller is developed based on VxWorks real-time operating system. The software for PLC and microcontroller are written with ladder software package and assemble language, respectively. PC with Linux and SUN workstation with Solaris are used as operator interfaces (OPI). High level control is made up of some EPICS tools and Tcl/Tk scripts.

Research on characteristics of integrated type hydraulic transformer's control angle

In order to realize remote control of hydraulic transformers and improve the control precision of the pressure ratio,an integrated type electric hydraulic servo hydraulic transformer is proposed in this paper,a mathematical model is built and simulation of electro-hydraulic servo integrated hydraulic transformer's control angle is carried out,the principle prototype of the transformer is designed and manufactured,and experimental study is carried out on the experimental bench. The experimental results verify the correctness of the mathematical model. The results show that electro hydraulic servo control can improve the accuracy and dynamic response speed of control angle,which provides a reference for the further research of the hydraulic transformers.

STUDY ON USING SERIAL PIPE TO IMPROVE THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ELECTRO－HYDRAULIC SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM

The mathematical models of electro-hydraulic speed control system using series of pipesis presented. The principle of pipe effection on dynamics of the system is developed. Computersimulation and physical experiment are also carried out. The experimental results show that a rightchoosing of serial pipe for electro-hydraulic system enables the dynamic response of the system tobe improved effectively.

Design and Robust Performance Evaluation of a Fractional Order PID Controller Applied to a DC Motor

This paper proposes a methodology for the quantitative robustness evaluation of PID controllers employed in a DC motor. The robustness analysis is performed employing a 2~3 factorial experimental design for a fractional order proportional integral and derivative controller(FOPID), integer order proportional integral and derivative controller(IOPID)and the Skogestad internal model control controller(SIMC). The factors assumed in experiment are the presence of random noise,external disturbances in the system input and variable load. As output variables, the experimental design employs the system step response and the controller action. Practical implementation of FOPID and IOPID controllers uses the MATLAB stateflow toolbox and a NI data acquisition system. Results of the robustness analysis show that the FOPID controller has a better performance and robust stability against the experiment factors.

Vibration Characteristics of An Offshore Platform and Its Vibration Control

A template offshore platform, located in the Bohai Bay of China, has exhibited excessive, unexpected vibration under mildly hostile sea conditions, which has affected the normal operation of the platform. Since the structure was designed to sustain more severe wave climate, the cause of the excessive vibration has been suspected to originate from other sources. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the causes of the excessive vibration, and to explore possible remedies to solve the problem. In this paper, the vibration behavior of the offshore platform is analyzed by means of finite element (FE) modeling, field measurements and laboratory test. Results of analysis suggest that relative movement and impact between the piles and the jacket legs exist, i.e. the piles and the jacket are not perfectly connected. The disconnection of the piles and jacket weakens the overall stiffness of the platform, and therefore produces unexpected excessive vibration. In this study, measures for reducing the excessive vibration are proposed to control the response of the platform.

变构型微创手术机器人系统设计与实现

高性能微创手术机器人有利于实施复杂危难手术,推动微创外科实现高质量发展.在深入分析现有手术机器人特点和临床需求的基础上,提出了一种变构型微创手术机器人系统.基于刚柔混合结构设计了构型可变的手术操作臂,通过构型变换可实现工作空间的变换,从而提高操作臂的灵活性.手术操作臂采用丝传动结构,针对变曲率丝鞘传动下的张力和弹性伸长量等问题进行了分析,确定了开合关节的丝鞘传动特性.基于刚体和柔性关节运动学,分析了手术操作臂在不同构型下的工作空间,通过调整伸缩关节移动量,实现操作臂工作空间可变功能.此外,设计了与操作臂适配的主手操作臂,该主手配置有两个主从调节关节,以保证主手与从手腕点姿态的一致性.随后,解析了主手与从手关节量之间的映射关系,并建立了基于位姿分离的主从运动映射算法,从而确保了操作舒适性与精准性.最后,研制了物理样机,进行了大工作空间下的刚性测试实验、运动性能、主从运动性能与缝合操作性能评价实验,全面验证了所提出的手术机器人系统的可行性.