Beyond 5G Networks: Integration of Communication, Computing, Caching, and Control

In recent years,the exponential proliferation of smart devices with their intelligent applications poses severe challenges on conventional cellular networks.Such challenges can be potentially overcome by integrating communication,computing,caching,and control(i4C)technologies.In this survey,we first give a snapshot of different aspects of the i4C,comprising background,motivation,leading technological enablers,potential applications,and use cases.Next,we describe different models of communication,computing,caching,and control(4C)to lay the foundation of the integration approach.We review current stateof-the-art research efforts related to the i4C,focusing on recent trends of both conventional and artificial intelligence(AI)-based integration approaches.We also highlight the need for intelligence in resources integration.Then,we discuss the integration of sensing and communication(ISAC)and classify the integration approaches into various classes.Finally,we propose open challenges and present future research directions for beyond 5G networks,such as 6G.

植物果实中维生素C合成代谢及其基因表达研究

维生素C(Vitamin C),又名抗坏血酸(Ascorbate acid,AsA),是生物体中具有多效功能的必需化合物。整理了植物果实中维生素C的生理功能以及其中参与维生素C合成的L-半乳糖途径、D-半乳糖醛酸途径、L-古洛糖途径、肌醇途径和维生素C循环途径,并分析了相关基因的功能和表达。对参与维生素C合成与循环的16个基因:PMI、PMM、GMP、GME、GGP、GPP、GalDH、GLDH、GalUR、MIOX、GuLDH、MDHAR、DHAR、AO、APX、GR,及其在维生素C代谢途径中的作用进行了综述。植物果实中维生素C合成代谢途径多样,关键基因的表达会在不同程度上影响其合成代谢,了解植物果实中维生素C合成代谢及相关基因的功能和表达,可为生产富含维生素C的转基因水果和蔬菜奠定基础。

C/C复合材料超声辅助磨削孔加工质量控制研究

为提高C/C复合材料孔加工出口边缘表面质量,以孔出口损伤因子S_(d)值(孔出口端面损伤面积与加工后理想孔面积之比)作为孔出口质量评价指标,利用单因素及正交试验方法优化磨削工艺参数,分析孔出口边缘磨削机理并提出孔出口损伤抑制策略。结果表明,当主轴转速为12000~14000 r/min,进给速度为5~7 mm/min,超声波振幅为8~9μm时,可将S_(d)值控制在4.723×10^(-3)以内。采用孔损伤抑制策略后,S_(d)值可进一步降低61.6%。此外,C/C复合材料在超声辅助磨削加工下的S_(d)值随主轴转速和超声波振幅的增加先减小后增大,随进给速度的增加逐渐增大;在保证进给速度最优时,适当提高主轴转速及超声波振幅有助于改善孔出口表面质量,并可提高加工效率。采用在临近孔出口时降低进给速度、使用刀具侧壁对孔出口进行光磨及在工件下方加设辅助支撑的策略可进一步降低孔出口损伤。

Networking Controller Based Real Time Traffic Prediction in Clustered Vehicular Adhoc Networks

The vehicular ad hoc network(VANET)is an emerging network tech-nology that has gained popularity because to its low cost,flexibility,and seamless services.Software defined networking(SDN)technology plays a critical role in network administration in the future generation of VANET withfifth generation(5G)networks.Regardless of the benefits of VANET,energy economy and traffic control are significant architectural challenges.Accurate and real-time trafficflow prediction(TFP)becomes critical for managing traffic effectively in the VANET.SDN controllers are a critical issue in VANET,which has garnered much interest in recent years.With this objective,this study develops the SDNTFP-C technique,a revolutionary SDN controller-based real-time trafficflow forecasting technique for clustered VANETs.The proposed SDNTFP-C technique combines the SDN controller’s scalability,flexibility,and adaptability with deep learning(DL)mod-els.Additionally,a novel arithmetic optimization-based clustering technique(AOCA)is developed to cluster automobiles in a VANET.The TFP procedure is then performed using a hybrid convolutional neural network model with atten-tion-based bidirectional long short-term memory(HCNN-ABLSTM).To optimise the performance of the HCNN-ABLSTM model,the dingo optimization techni-que was used to tune the hyperparameters(DOA).The experimental results ana-lysis reveals that the suggested method outperforms other current techniques on a variety of evaluation metrics.

A 4H-SiC trench IGBT with controllable hole-extracting path for low loss

A novel 4H-Si C trench insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)with a controllable hole-extracting(CHE)path is proposed and investigated in this paper.The CHE path is controlled by metal semiconductor gate(MES gate)and metal oxide semiconductor gate(MOS gate)in the p-shield region.The grounded p-shield region can significantly suppress the high electric field around gate oxide in Si C devices,but it weakens the conductivity modulation in the Si C trench IGBT by rapidly sweeping out holes.This effect can be eliminated by introducing the CHE path.The CHE path is pinched off by the high gate bias voltage at on-state to maintain high conductivity modulation and obtain a comparatively low on-state voltage(VON).During the turn-off transient,the CHE path is formed,which contributes to a decreased turn-off loss(EOFF).Based on numerical simulation,the EOFFof the proposed IGBT is reduced by 89%compared with the conventional IGBT at the same VONand the VONof the proposed IGBT is reduced by 50%compared to the grounded p-shield IGBT at the same EOFF.In addition,the average power reduction for the proposed device can be 51.0%to 81.7%and 58.2%to 72.1%with its counterparts at a wide frequency range of 500 Hz to 10 k Hz,revealing a great improvement of frequency characteristics.

Optimal Routing with Spatial-Temporal Dependencies for Traffic Flow Control in Intelligent Transportation Systems

In Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS),controlling the trafficflow of a region in a city is the major challenge.Particularly,allocation of the traffic-free route to the taxi drivers during peak hours is one of the challenges to control the trafficflow.So,in this paper,the route between the taxi driver and pickup location or hotspot with the spatial-temporal dependencies is optimized.Initially,the hotspots in a region are clustered using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)algorithm tofind the hot spots at the peak hours in an urban area.Then,the optimal route is allocated to the taxi driver to pick up the customer in the hotspot.Before allocating the optimal route,each route between the taxi driver and the hot spot is mapped to the number of taxi drivers.Among the map function,the optimal map is selected using the rain opti-mization algorithm(ROA).If more than one map function is obtained as the opti-mal solution,the map between the route and the taxi driver who has done the least number of trips in the day is chosen as thefinal solution This optimal route selec-tion leads to control of the trafficflow at peak hours.Evaluation of the approach depicts that the proposed trafficflow control scheme reduces traveling time,wait-ing time,fuel consumption,and emission.

三维四向C/C预制体压实规律与高精度控制策略研究

为实现预制体层间密实度均匀可调控,保证预制体产品质量一致性,基于胡克定律建立压实理论模型对不同截面尺寸预制体压实规律进行研究,揭示了压实载荷与压实次数的关系:在压实次数小于疲劳次数阶段,预制体受到的压实载荷随压实次数呈线性变化;在压实次数大于等于疲劳次数阶段,预制体受到的压实载荷不再随压实次数增加而发生变化;同时在编织不同截面尺寸预制体时,xoy截面积呈倍数增加,预制体受到的压实载荷近似呈倍数增长。基于三维四向C/C复合材料预制体成型工艺,建立预制体编织层数、压实厚度与纤维体积含量映射关系,并通过该映射关系进行不同截面尺寸预制体编织实验,得到压实载荷与厚度的变化曲线,其实验值与拟合值的最大偏差率小于3%,验证了理论模型的可行性。根据压实规律理论模型设计出压实装置双闭环控制系统,在该系统中预先设定映射关系所对应的厚度与压力值,在压实过程中借助传感器将采集到的厚度与压力值反馈至控制器,控制器根据偏差值控制压实装置输出值。最后通过观察其所编预制体截面,发现该预制体孔隙小而均匀,验证了该控制系统可输出最优压力值,能够保证预制体层间密实度均匀及产品质量的一致性。

Relation between sleep quality and glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients

Objective:To investigate the relation between sleep quality and glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients.Methods:Across sectional descriptive design was used;the study sample including 125 diabetic patients was recruited at diabetic clinics in Zagazig University hospitals.The interview questionnaire sheet consists of 4 par ts:(1)demographic data,(2)medical history,(3)an Arabic version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),and(4)glycated hemoglobin A1c(Hb A1c)analysis test.Results:The mean of sleep duration was the highest score of PSQI components,96.8%of diabetic patients had poor sleep quality,and 90.4%of diabetic patients had poor glycemic control.A highly statistically significant relationship was found between Hb A1c and sleep quality.Moreover,income,duration of disease and smoking were independent positive predictors of Hb A1c level,while the female gender was a statistically significant negative predictor.Additionally,female gender and income were statistically significant independent positive predictors of PSQI score.Conclusions:Poor sleep quality and poor glycemic control were very common among type 2 diabetic patients.There was a highly significant relation between sleep quality and glycemic control.

基于DEEC车载分簇的交通灯改进配时方案

针对城市道路中十字交叉路口处车辆拥堵、排队等待的问题,在C-V2X(Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything)车载通信系统中,利用改进DEEC(Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering)分簇算法,选择剩余节点能量较高的车辆节点作为簇头,提高簇的生存时间,并通过中继车辆进行信息传输以降低车辆通信时延。同时,利用韦伯斯特(Webster)交通灯改进配时算法进行相应的信号灯相位调度和周期的配时,减少车辆等待时间。通过VISSIM交通仿真建模软件验证Webster交通灯改进配时算法能够减少交叉路口处车辆等待时间,缓解城市道路中的交通拥堵。数值仿真结果表明:该方案降低了车辆通信时延,减少了车辆等待时间,改善了交通拥堵问题。

C型料场刮板机取料速度控制方法与系统开发

在C型料场刮板机自动化作业过程中,取料过快经常导致刮板机跳闸故障,取料过慢会导致供料不足、效率低等问题。对此,本文提出一种基于点云模型的C型料场刮板机取料速度控制方法,并在某C型料场现场试验验证,该控制方法步骤:(1)获取料堆点云数据和形状,将其转换为高度灰阶图,并采用一种新型点云过滤算法降低其噪声、提高平滑度;(2)基于刮板机链板恒定条件建立物料流量模型,结合能量转换构建刮板机电流-速度模型,将模型结果实时写入刮板机PLC中,进而实时控制刮板机取料速度。结果表明:使用该模型,料堆点云模型的内存资源降低98.64%,点与点之间形成有效的拓扑关系,计算的复杂度降低,料堆点云模型的平滑度显著提高;刮板机作业时料流的流量波动在8.29%内,刮板机的设备故障率减少5.24%,生产效率提高9.68%。本文提出的取料速度控制方法可用于替代人工调节刮板机的取料速度,减少刮板机的作业故障,提高生产效率,有效提高设备的无人化、智能化水平,并可为各种刮板机取料速度控制与作业稳定性控制提供参考。

基于C#的动物离心机上位机控制系统设计

为满足航空航天实验需要,研发一款平稳运行、功能齐全的动物离心机。根据动物离心机的结构,将控制策略分为两部分,利用电子计算机+运动控制器实现试验平台的位置控制,利用电子计算机+伺服驱动器实现主轴旋转运动控制,采用编码器反馈控制精度。上位机操作系统基于C#语言,使用Visual Studio开发工具,MySQL数据库,设置了输入异常、通信异常、主轴转速阈值、试验平台旋转角度阈值等异常处理方案,确保动物离心机设备的运行稳定。开发出的控制系统具有较高的稳定性和精确性,在离心机主轴转速为10、15、20、30 r/min,试验平台旋转角度和俯仰角度为5°、10°、15°、20°时,编码器测量结果与输入参数基本符合,运行平稳达到实验要求。研发出的动物离心机设备能够灵活、可靠运转,提供多轴向G值加速度力学环境仿真,便利高载荷力学环境下生理实验研究。

A framework of force of information influence and application for C4KISR system

The subversive nature of information war lies not only in the information itself, but also in the circulation and application of information. It has always been a challenge to quantitatively analyze the function and effect of information flow through command, control, communications, computer, kill, intelligence,surveillance, reconnaissance (C4KISR) system. In this work, we propose a framework of force of information influence and the methods for calculating the force of information influence between C4KISR nodes of sensing, intelligence processing,decision making and fire attack. Specifically, the basic concept of force of information influence between nodes in C4KISR system is formally proposed and its mathematical definition is provided. Then, based on the information entropy theory, the model of force of information influence between C4KISR system nodes is constructed. Finally, the simulation experiments have been performed under an air defense and attack scenario. The experimental results show that, with the proposed force of information influence framework, we can effectively evaluate the contribution of information circulation through different C4KISR system nodes to the corresponding tasks. Our framework of force of information influence can also serve as an effective tool for the design and dynamic reconfiguration of C4KISR system architecture.

基于国产T300级碳纤维复合材料C型肋结构成型工艺

以C型肋结构为研究对象,采用国产T300级碳纤维单向带预浸料,针对C型肋结构成型过程中存在的R角厚度减薄以及外形轮廓控制等问题,开展了一系列的工艺路线设计优化,通过优化零件封装方式和成型工装固化摆放方式,R角厚度实测值合格率由4.17%提高到100%;设计工装回弹角值,制造均衡铺层和对称铺层的试验件外形轮廓均能满足工程要求。通过一系列低成本高效的优化方式,本方法成功解决了成型过程中R角厚度减薄以及外形轮廓控制等问题,为国产复合材料改进研究提供借鉴,缩短了国产复合材料应用研究周期。

Designing Symmetric Gradient Honeycomb Structures with Carbon‑Coated Iron‑Based Composites for High‑Efficiency Microwave Absorption

The impedance matching of absorbers is a vital factor affecting their microwave absorption(MA)properties.In this work,we controllably synthesized Material of Institute Lavoisier 88C(MIL-88C)with varying aspect ratios(AR)as a precursor by regulating oil bath conditions,followed by one-step thermal decomposition to obtain carbon-coated iron-based composites.Modifying the precursor MIL-88C(Fe)preparation conditions,such as the molar ratio between metal ions and organic ligands(M/O),oil bath temperature,and oil bath time,influenced the phases,graphitization degree,and AR of the derivatives,enabling low filler loading,achieving well-matched impedance,and ensuring outstanding MA properties.The MOF-derivatives 2(MD_(2))/polyvinylidene Difluoride(PVDF),MD_(3)/PVDF,and MD4/PVDF absorbers all exhibited excellent MA properties with optimal filler loadings below 20 wt%and as low as 5 wt%.The MD_(2)/PVDF(5 wt%)achieved a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.52 GHz(1.90 mm).The MD_(3)/PVDF(10 wt%)possessed a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))value of−67.4 at 12.56 GHz(2.13 mm).A symmetric gradient honeycomb structure(SGHS)was constructed utilizing the high-frequency structure simulator(HFSS)to further extend the EAB,achieving an EAB of 14.6 GHz and a RL_(min) of−59.0 dB.This research offers a viable inspiration to creating structures or materials with high-efficiency MA properties.

一种具有自动幅值控制的C类LC压控振荡器电路设计

由于芯片制造和应用过程中存在工艺、电压和温度(Process Voltage Temperature,PVT)的变化导致的射频LC压控振荡器(Voltage-Controlled Oscillator,VCO)设计中的鲁棒性问题,提出了一种具有自动幅值控制环路(Automatic Amplitude Control,AAC)的C类LC压控振荡器(Class-C LC VCO)电路。仿真结果表明,所提出的电路设计能确保振荡器单端振幅峰峰值在任意PVT变化下,大于设定下限,且振幅峰峰值大于600 mV时,C类LC压控振荡器于工作频率频偏100 kHz处最小优值(FoM)为182 d Bc/Hz。

土地流转贷款风险评估与防控研究——以C银行为例

土地是农业之本、农民之根,是保障国家粮食安全和实施乡村振兴战略的重要物质基础。随着银行土地流转贷款规模逐年激增、产品模式逐渐饱和,如何做好信贷风险评估与防控,科学稳健支持农地发展是当下银行重点关注的方向和研究的课题。该文以C银行为研究对象,运用层次分析法、调查研究法及构建风险评估指标体系,对土地流转贷款进行风险评估,最终得出环境和政策风险指标等级较高,操作风险指标等级较低。

瓦里安C系列加速器枪系统与联锁原理分析和典型案例

瓦里安C系列高能直线加速器均采用三极(栅极控制)电子枪系统,其故障率较高、解决难度较大,多表现为剂量率不稳定甚至不能出束,报GFIL枪灯丝联锁。本研究以iX平台的代表——Clinac iX为例,结合典型案例和技术图纸阐述枪控制系统的工作原理,通过分析电源电路和枪驱动等关键模块内部和模块之间的信号处理的流程和方向,发现问题症结并处理元器件解决问题,为工程师安全高效解决C系列乃至电路集成度和数字化程度非常高、以VitalBeam为代表的新一代高端技术平台的加速器的同类问题,提供解决思路和方法借鉴。

基于C^(*)准则的最优控制灵敏度设计方法

为优化侧杆负载及控制灵敏度特性设计流程,提出一种基于C^(*)准则的最优控制灵敏度设计方法。依托国外相关经验,结合C^(*)准则设计参数;介绍驾驶员人机工程学及侧杆性能对飞行体验的影响,引出侧杆最优力感特性的设计方法,结合传统的飞行品质规范搭建人机闭环模型验证。实验结果表明:侧杆在不同速度下对纵向角速率和过载控制权重不同,响应均满足C^(*)准则的一级设计要求,仿真验证了侧杆参数和飞行品质结合优化的有效性。

唑来膦酸细菌内毒素质量控制及rFC方法学研究

目的:统一唑来膦酸注射液细菌内毒素检测标准,并建立重组C因子(rFC)检测方法。方法:用凝胶法(BET)对13批次国家监督抽验唑来膦酸注射液进行检测;用2个厂家rFC试剂盒,对3个厂家不同浓度(500、100、50、25μg·mL-1)的唑来膦酸注射液测进行干扰试验。结果:规格100 mL:5 mg的,按1 mL<0.50 EU进行检测,其他规格的按1 mg<5.0 EU进行检测,结果均符合规定。25μg·mL^(-1)两个厂家rFC试剂盒回收率均在50%~200%之间。rFc法验证:对8批次唑来膦酸注射液,按25μg·mL^(-1)进行验证,对5批次唑来膦酸注射(100 mL:5 mg),按0.5 EU·mL^(-1)进行验证,回收率均在50%~200%之间。结论:唑来膦酸注射液的细菌内毒素检查法可拟定为:取本品,依法检查(通则1143),每1 mL中含内毒素的量应小于0.50 EU(100 mL及以上规格大输液);取本品,依法检查(通则1143),每1 mg唑来膦酸中含内毒素的量应小于10.0 EU。细菌内毒素重组C因子试剂盒检测方法:取本品,用细菌内毒素检查用水稀释为每1 mL含唑来膦酸25μg、或1倍稀释(规格100 mL:5.0 mg大输液),按试剂盒的说明书进行检测,回收率应在50%~200%之间。

基于ArcEngine的“变更调查”数据质检工具设计与实现

数据质检作为“变更调查”作业的重要环节,对于保证数据质量、提高工作效率具有重要意义。针对现有质检软件的不足之处,本文基于ArcEngine,使用C#语言开发了适用于作业过程的数据质检工具。该工具以ArcMap插件的形式,实现对数据库的图形和属性检查,能够对作业过程中任意阶段的数据进行检查,减少了数据变更建库和“国检软件”检查的次数,较大程度地节约了作业时间。实际项目的应用表明,该工具能够较大程度地提高作业效率,为今后“变更调查”和其他相关项目提供了参考和借鉴。