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关联规则分析中兴趣度量Lift与Conviction的关系探讨及教育数据验证
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作者 万鑫 李梓如 李裕梅 《数据挖掘》 2024年第3期189-206,共18页
关联规则分析是数据挖掘中最常用的研究方法之一。在关联关系的发现过程中兴趣度量是关联规则发现的理论基础,它可以度量规则的重要程度,其中Lift和Conviction这两个度量在数据分析中被广泛应用于筛选关联规则。本文对这两种兴趣度量进... 关联规则分析是数据挖掘中最常用的研究方法之一。在关联关系的发现过程中兴趣度量是关联规则发现的理论基础,它可以度量规则的重要程度,其中Lift和Conviction这两个度量在数据分析中被广泛应用于筛选关联规则。本文对这两种兴趣度量进行了研究。首先,提出并证明了当后项集固定时,Conviction取值随Lift取值单调增加,且Conviction (Lift)是一个凸函数。然后,证明了当Confidence固定时,Conviction取值随Lift取值单调增加,且Conviction (Lift)是一个凹函数。最后,综合以上两个方面,得到一个重要结论:当后项集保持不变或当Confidence固定时,根据Conviction和Lift筛选出来的规则都是相同的。最后,利用某高校数学类专业三个年级的成绩数据进行了定理及相应结论的验证。 展开更多
关键词 关联规则分析 LIFT conviction 函数关系 数据分析验证
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Communication, Conviction, and Persuasion in The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin 被引量:3
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《Journalism and Mass Communication》 2013年第5期331-342,共12页
Charles Darwin discovers that the theory of the species' creation by a miraculous being has reached a double impasse, due to the science "speech" evolution. There is an expositive impasse (it can't explain some f... Charles Darwin discovers that the theory of the species' creation by a miraculous being has reached a double impasse, due to the science "speech" evolution. There is an expositive impasse (it can't explain some facts any more) and a communication-comprehensive impasse (within its limits, some facts are not communicable or understandable). In order to endorse his theory of evolutionism, Darwin develops an argumentative communicating science based on two axes: the facts and the axiomatics. His communicating science follows the next structure: (1) a relation with the starting thesis is established; (2) some evidence are promoted; (3) as the base of the evidence, a motivation is emphasized; (4) as a reason, an axiomatics is assigned to this base; and (5) finally, the facts and the quantifiers are explained by valid conclusions. 展开更多
关键词 communicating science ARGUMENTATION conviction PERSUASION axiomatics
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FEAR OF TRYING A NEW LAW SHEDS LIGHT ON CHINA'S UNUSUALLY HIGH CONVICTION RATE
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作者 H.L. 《The World of Chinese》 2017年第5期9-9,共1页
On August 9,Shandong became the first province in China to abolish performance evaluations based on the number of prosecutions and'cases solved'by police departments.Although the move is ostensibly intended to... On August 9,Shandong became the first province in China to abolish performance evaluations based on the number of prosecutions and'cases solved'by police departments.Although the move is ostensibly intended to'redirect energy to public security,crime-prevention,and public assistance,'some lawyers hope it could also improve the'objectivity'of law enforcement in a country where police and prosecutors almost never fail to win in court. 展开更多
关键词 FEAR OF TRYING A NEW LAW SHEDS LIGHT ON CHINA’S UNUSUALLY HIGH conviction RATE
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论定罪的地位及体系内容
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作者 周洪波 《河南警察学院学报》 1999年第4期54-57,39,共5页
人类欲生存,发展下去,不仅要与自然抗争,还要与人类本身抗争,这就是要遏制、惩罚人类中的个体对人类生存、发展的破坏行为。于是,人类制订刑法,创制犯罪,进而将刑法适用于触犯刑法的人,进行犯罪的认定,罪的创制,在刑事立法中... 人类欲生存,发展下去,不仅要与自然抗争,还要与人类本身抗争,这就是要遏制、惩罚人类中的个体对人类生存、发展的破坏行为。于是,人类制订刑法,创制犯罪,进而将刑法适用于触犯刑法的人,进行犯罪的认定,罪的创制,在刑事立法中居于基础性、前提性的地位;罪的认定... 展开更多
关键词 conviction POSITION SYSTEM
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Help to Convicts' Families in Need
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作者 JIN ZHU 《The Journal of Human Rights》 2003年第1期22-23,共2页
Incredible ! Prisons have extended financial or material help to convicts’ families in difficulty. But it is tree. That is what the Chifeng Prison in North China initiated. See the following cases: Convict Li Guoqian... Incredible ! Prisons have extended financial or material help to convicts’ families in difficulty. But it is tree. That is what the Chifeng Prison in North China initiated. See the following cases: Convict Li Guoqiang was thrown into prison in 1994, leaving a heavy burden on his family. Apart from a heap of debts, there are two young children. His elder son dropped school dne to inability to pay tuition. Li felt very much downhearted in prison. Knowing this, the prison warders volunteer to contribute money and clothing. In just five days, the 展开更多
关键词 Help to Convicts on IS IT in Families in Need into HAVE
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How to Protect and Improve Human Rights of the Convicted?
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作者 ZHU SHIHONG Prison Procuratorate Section of the Zhejiang Provincial People’s Procuratorate. 《The Journal of Human Rights》 2006年第4期31-33,共3页
I. Protection of Human Rights of the Convicted Human rights of the convicted refer to the rights enjoyed or due to be enjoyed by people subject to criminal punishment by virtue of its natural and social attributes. I... I. Protection of Human Rights of the Convicted Human rights of the convicted refer to the rights enjoyed or due to be enjoyed by people subject to criminal punishment by virtue of its natural and social attributes. In terms of natural attribute, the convicted are people, despite the fact that they have been sentenced to crmainal punishments. So they should still enjoy human rights. In terms of social attribute, criminals are a special group of people because they have received a negative appraisal by the criminal law due to their criminal behavior (in most cases, a crime is a serious violation of human rights) and, therefore, they enjoy a special legal status, which has made it impossible and improper for them to enjoy the complete human rights just like ordinary people. 展开更多
关键词 PRO How to Protect and Improve Human Rights of the Convicted
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A Theoretical Framework for Demystifying the Causes of Dysfunction and Disorder in the Chinese Market Economy:A Weberian Perspective Huangnan
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作者 Huangnan Shen Jim XiaoJie Liu 《Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences》 2020年第2期259-275,共17页
This paper explores a theoretical framework for demystifying the causes of the dysfunction and disorder of the present Chinese market economy.It is posited that Max Weber’s classification of the two potentially confl... This paper explores a theoretical framework for demystifying the causes of the dysfunction and disorder of the present Chinese market economy.It is posited that Max Weber’s classification of the two potentially conflicting ethics he associates with the behaviour of politicians,the ethic of conviction and the ethic of responsibility offers the basis for a more thorough and accurate account of the dysfunction and disorder within China’s current markets and political economy.Indeed,this paper contends that cultural determinism and neo-institutional economics fail to capture the contextual factors influencing the transition from the Maoist era of state control to contemporary China’s market led economy(following the opening-up of the country since 1978)than a wider reaching Weberian analysis of the contextual factors involved might achieve.This paper proposes that the distinct ethical foundation for the Chinese market economy is based upon the ethic of conviction,which is the continuity of the philosophical underpinnings of the national ideology during the Maoist era.In turn,this has led to the distortion of the incentives for firms in China to provide high-quality goods and services.This paper also conducts a study of the ethical foundations of the present Chinese economy from the comparative perspectives of Smith’s concept of the market economy and from a Confucian perspective.Through this comparative examination,it will be demonstrated that the ethical feature of the modern market economy,stemming from Smith and Confucianism,is based on the ethic of responsibility,which is a mutually opposed concept to the ethic of conviction;therefore,firms whose business ethics are founded upon the ethic of“responsibility”are less prone to deceive consumers as they adhere to a contractual“responsibility”towards the consumer that many Chinese firms still see as of secondary importance as the ethic of“conviction”still dominating the policies,society and culture of the centralist economic post-Maoist state.This paper further reveals that larger firms tend to have more corporate social responsibility due to their established branding effect,thus reflecting a more pervasive sense of the ethic of responsibility and vice versa for firms of a smaller size.This paper concludes with an economic model acting as a quantitative framework which further supports the theories proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Moral Foundation Chinese Market Economy Morality of conviction Morality of Responsibility Weberian Analysis
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Disturbance cues in freshwater prey fishes: Does urea function as an 'early warning cue' in juvenile convict cichlids and rainbow trout? 被引量:4
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作者 Grant E. BROWN Christopher D. JACKSON Patrick H. MALKA Elisa JACQUES Marc-Andre COUTURIER 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第2期250-259,共10页
Freshwater vertebrate and invertebrate prey species commonly rely on chemosensory information, including non-injury released disturbance cues, to assess local predation threats. We conducted laboratory studies to (1... Freshwater vertebrate and invertebrate prey species commonly rely on chemosensory information, including non-injury released disturbance cues, to assess local predation threats. We conducted laboratory studies to (1) determine if urea can function as a disturbance cue in juvenile convict cichlids and rainbow trout and (2) determine if the background level of urea influences the behavioral response to a subsequent pulse of urea ('background noise' hypothesis). In the first series of trials, juve- nile cichlids and trout were exposed to urea at varying concentrations (0 to 0.5 mg L-1 for cichlids and 0 to 1.0 mg L1 for trout). Our results suggest that both cichilds and trout exhibited functionally similar responses to urea and conspecific disturbance cues and that increasing the concentration of urea results in an increase intensity of antipredator behaviour. In the second series of trials, we pre-exposed cichlids or trout to intermediate or high concentrations of urea (or a distilled water control) and then tested for the response to a second pulse of urea at at intermediate or high concentrations (versus a distilled water control). Our results demon- strate that pre-exposure to urea reduces or eliminates the response to a second pulse of urea, supporting the background noise hy- pothesis. Together, our results suggest that pulses of urea, released by disturbed or stressed individuals, may function as an early warning signal in freshwater prey species 展开更多
关键词 Disturbance cue Metabolic wastes Chemosensory risk assessment Predator-prey interactions Convict cichlids Rainbow trout
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Yolk-sac larval development of the substrate-brooding cichlid Archocentrus nigrofasciatus in relation to temperature
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作者 Nikolaos VLAHOS Michael VASILOPOULOS +3 位作者 Eleni MENTE George HOTOS George KATSELIS Kosmas VIDALIS 《Integrative Zoology》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第5期497-504,共8页
In order to conserve and culture the cichlid fish Archocentrus nigrofasciatus,more information about its reproductive biology and its larval behavior and morphogenesis is necessary.Currently,temperatures ranging from ... In order to conserve and culture the cichlid fish Archocentrus nigrofasciatus,more information about its reproductive biology and its larval behavior and morphogenesis is necessary.Currently,temperatures ranging from 21 to 27°C are used in ornamental aquaculture hatcheries.Lower temperatures are preferred to reduce the costs of water heating,and 23°C is usually the selected temperature.However,there is limited information on culturing protocols for ornamental species and most of the information generated on this topic remains scarce.Thus,the present study examines the morphological development of Archocentrus nigrofasciatus during the yolk-sac period up to the age of 100 h post-hatching in relation to 2 temperature regimes used in ornamental aquaculture:a temperature of 27°C(thermal optimum)and a decreased temperature of 23°C(thermal tolerance).The results of this study suggest that the 27°C temperature generates intense morphological changes in yolk-sac development in a shorter period.This has advantages as it reduces the time of yolk-sac larval development,and,thus,minimizes the transition phase to exogenous feeding and maximizes the efficiency at which yolk is converted into body tissues.The present paper provides necessary information to produce freshwater ornamental fish with better practices so as to increase larval survival and capitalize on time for growth. 展开更多
关键词 Archocentrus nigrofasciatus convict cichlid growth yolk-sac development TEMPERATURE
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