Simultaneous denoising and resolution enhancement of seismic data based on elastic convolution dictionary learning

Enhancing seismic resolution is a key component in seismic data processing, which plays a valuable role in raising the prospecting accuracy of oil reservoirs. However, in noisy situations, existing resolution enhancement methods are difficult to yield satisfactory processing outcomes for reservoir characterization. To solve this problem, we develop a new approach for simultaneous denoising and resolution enhancement of seismic data based on convolution dictionary learning. First, an elastic convolution dictionary learning algorithm is presented to efficiently learn a convolution dictionary with stronger representation capability from the noisy data to be processed. Specifically, the algorithm introduces the elastic L1/2 norm as a sparsity constraint and employs a steepest gradient descent strategy to efficiently solve the frequency-domain linear system with substantial computational cost in a half-quadratic splitting framework. Then, based on the learned convolution dictionary, a weighted convolutional sparse representation paradigm is designed to encode the noisy data to acquire an optimal sparse approximation of the effective signal. Subsequently, a high-resolution dictionary with a broadband spectrum is constructed by the proposed parameter scaling strategy and matched filtering technique on the basis of atomic spectrum modeling. Finally, the optimal sparse approximation of the effective signal and the constructed high-resolution dictionary are used for data reconstruction to obtain the seismic signal with high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. Synthetic and field dataset examples are executed to check the effectiveness and reliability of the developed method. The results indicate that this method has a more competitive performance in seismic applications compared with the conventional deconvolution and spectral whitening methods.

Method of Multi-Mode Sensor Data Fusion with an Adaptive Deep Coupling Convolutional Auto-Encoder

To address the difficulties in fusing multi-mode sensor data for complex industrial machinery, an adaptive deep coupling convolutional auto-encoder (ADCCAE) fusion method was proposed. First, the multi-mode features extracted synchronously by the CCAE were stacked and fed to the multi-channel convolution layers for fusion. Then, the fused data was passed to all connection layers for compression and fed to the Softmax module for classification. Finally, the coupling loss function coefficients and the network parameters were optimized through an adaptive approach using the gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. Experimental comparisons showed that the proposed ADCCAE fusion model was superior to existing models for multi-mode data fusion.

Quantitative evaluation of deep convolutional neural network-based image denoising for low-dose computed tomography

To minimize radiation risk,dose reduction is important in the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of computed tomography(CT).However,image noise degrades image quality owing to the reduced X-ray dose and a possible unacceptably reduced diagnostic performance.Deep learning approaches with convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have been proposed for natural image denoising;however,these approaches might introduce image blurring or loss of original gradients.The aim of this study was to compare the dose-dependent properties of a CNN-based denoising method for low-dose CT with those of other noise-reduction methods on unique CT noise-simulation images.To simulate a low-dose CT image,a Poisson noise distribution was introduced to normal-dose images while convoluting the CT unit-specific modulation transfer function.An abdominal CT of 100 images obtained from a public database was adopted,and simulated dose-reduction images were created from the original dose at equal 10-step dose-reduction intervals with a final dose of 1/100.These images were denoised using the denoising network structure of CNN(DnCNN)as the general CNN model and for transfer learning.To evaluate the image quality,image similarities determined by the structural similarity index(SSIM)and peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)were calculated for the denoised images.Significantly better denoising,in terms of SSIM and PSNR,was achieved by the DnCNN than by other image denoising methods,especially at the ultra-low-dose levels used to generate the 10%and 5%dose-equivalent images.Moreover,the developed CNN model can eliminate noise and maintain image sharpness at these dose levels and improve SSIM by approximately 10%from that of the original method.In contrast,under small dose-reduction conditions,this model also led to excessive smoothing of the images.In quantitative evaluations,the CNN denoising method improved the low-dose CT and prevented over-smoothing by tailoring the CNN model.

Hformer:highly efficient vision transformer for low-dose CT denoising

In this paper,we propose Hformer,a novel supervised learning model for low-dose computer tomography(LDCT)denoising.Hformer combines the strengths of convolutional neural networks for local feature extraction and transformer models for global feature capture.The performance of Hformer was verified and evaluated based on the AAPM-Mayo Clinic LDCT Grand Challenge Dataset.Compared with the former representative state-of-the-art(SOTA)model designs under different architectures,Hformer achieved optimal metrics without requiring a large number of learning parameters,with metrics of33.4405 PSNR,8.6956 RMSE,and 0.9163 SSIM.The experiments demonstrated designed Hformer is a SOTA model for noise suppression,structure preservation,and lesion detection.

Effective Denoising Architecture for Handling Multiple Noises

Object detection,one of the core research topics in computer vision,is extensively used in various industrial activities.Although there have been many studies of daytime images where objects can be easily detected,there is relatively little research on nighttime images.In the case of nighttime,various types of noises,such as darkness,haze,and light blur,deteriorate image quality.Thus,an appropriate process for removing noise must precede to improve object detection performance.Although there are many studies on removing individual noise,only a few studies handle multiple noises simultaneously.In this paper,we pro-pose a convolutional denoising autoencoder(CDAE)-based architecture trained on various types of noises.We also present various composing modules for each noise to improve object detection performance for night images.Using the exclusively dark(ExDark)Image dataset,experimental results show that the Sequentialfiltering architecture showed superior mean average precision(mAP)compared to other architectures.

Fault Diagnosis for Rolling Bearings with Stacked Denoising Auto-encoder of Information Aggregation

Rolling bearings are important central components in rotating machines, whose fault diagnosis is crucial in condition-based maintenance to reduce the complexity of different kinds of faults. To classify various rolling bearing faults, a prognostic algorithm consisting of four phases was proposed. Since stacked denoising auto-encoder can be filtered, noise of large numbers of mechanical vibration signals was used for deep learning structure to extract the characteristics of the noise. Unsupervised pre-training method, which can greatly simplify the traditional manual extraction approach, was utilized to process the depth of the data automatically. Furthermore, the aggregation layer of stacked denoising auto-encoder(SDA) was proposed to get rid of gradient disappearance in deeper layers of network, mix superficial nodes’ expression with deeper layers, and avoid the insufficient express ability in deeper layers. Principal component analysis(PCA) was adopted to extract different features for classification. According to the experimental data of this method and from the comparison results, the proposed method of rolling bearing fault classification reached 97.02% of correct rate, suggesting a better performance than other algorithms.

Simultaneous Denoising and Interpolation of Seismic Data via the Deep Learning Method

Utilizing data from controlled seismic sources to image the subsurface structures and invert the physical properties of the subsurface media is a major effort in exploration geophysics. Dense seismic records with high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and high fidelity helps in producing high quality imaging results. Therefore, seismic data denoising and missing traces reconstruction are significant for seismic data processing. Traditional denoising and interpolation methods rarely occasioned rely on noise level estimations, thus requiring heavy manual work to deal with records and the selection of optimal parameters. We propose a simultaneous denoising and interpolation method based on deep learning. For noisy records with missing traces, we adopt an iterative alternating optimization strategy and separate the objective function of the data restoring problem into two sub-problems. The seismic records can be reconstructed by solving a least-square problem and applying a set of pre-trained denoising models alternatively and iteratively.We demonstrate this method with synthetic and field data.

Brief review of image denoising techniques

With the explosion in the number of digital images taken every day,the demand for more accurate and visually pleasing images is increasing.However,the images captured by modern cameras are inevitably degraded by noise,which leads to deteriorated visual image quality.Therefore,work is required to reduce noise without losing image features(edges,corners,and other sharp structures).So far,researchers have already proposed various methods for decreasing noise.Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.In this paper,we summarize some important research in the field of image denoising.First,we give the formulation of the image denoising problem,and then we present several image denoising techniques.In addition,we discuss the characteristics of these techniques.Finally,we provide several promising directions for future research.

A Hybrid CNN for Image Denoising

Deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs)with strong learning abilities have been used in the field of image denoising.However,some CNNs depend on a single deep network to train an image denoising model,which will have poor performance in complex screens.To address this problem,we propose a hybrid denoising CNN(HDCNN).HDCNN is composed of a dilated block(DB),RepVGG block(RVB),feature refinement block(FB),and a single convolution.DB combines a dilated convolution,batch normalization(BN),common convolutions,and activation function of ReLU to obtain more context information.RVB uses parallel combination of convolution,BN,and ReLU to extract complementary width features.FB is used to obtain more accurate information via refining obtained feature from the RVB.A single convolution collaborates a residual learning operation to construct a clean image.These key components make the HDCNN have good performance in image denoising.Experiment shows that the proposed HDCNN enjoys good denoising effect in public data sets.

Denoising Medical Images Using Deep Learning in IoT Environment

Medical Resonance Imaging(MRI)is a noninvasive,nonradioactive,and meticulous diagnostic modality capability in the field of medical imaging.However,the efficiency of MR image reconstruction is affected by its bulky image sets and slow process implementation.Therefore,to obtain a high-quality reconstructed image we presented a sparse aware noise removal technique that uses convolution neural network(SANR_CNN)for eliminating noise and improving the MR image reconstruction quality.The proposed noise removal or denoising technique adopts a fast CNN architecture that aids in training larger datasets with improved quality,and SARN algorithm is used for building a dictionary learning technique for denoising large image datasets.The proposed SANR_CNN model also preserves the details and edges in the image during reconstruction.An experiment was conducted to analyze the performance of SANR_CNN in a few existing models in regard with peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR),structural similarity index(SSIM),and mean squared error(MSE).The proposed SANR_CNN model achieved higher PSNR,SSIM,and MSE efficiency than the other noise removal techniques.The proposed architecture also provides transmission of these denoised medical images through secured IoT architecture.

Image Denoising with GAN Based Model

Image denoising is often used as a preprocessing step in computer vision tasks,which can help improve the accuracy of image processing models.Due to the imperfection of imaging systems,transmission media and recording equipment,digital images are often contaminated with various noises during their formation,which troubles the visual effects and even hinders people’s normal recognition.The pollution of noise directly affects the processing of image edge detection,feature extraction,pattern recognition,etc.,making it difficult for people to break through the bottleneck by modifying the model.Many traditional filtering methods have shown poor performance since they do not have optimal expression and adaptation for specific images.Meanwhile,deep learning technology opens up new possibilities for image denoising.In this paper,we propose a novel neural network which is based on generative adversarial networks for image denoising.Inspired by U-net,our method employs a novel symmetrical encoder-decoder based generator network.The encoder adopts convolutional neural networks to extract features,while the decoder outputs the noise in the images by deconvolutional neural networks.Specially,shortcuts are added between designated layers,which can preserve image texture details and prevent gradient explosions.Besides,in order to improve the training stability of the model,we add Wasserstein distance in loss function as an optimization.We use the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)to evaluate our model and we can prove the effectiveness of it with experimental results.When compared to the state-of-the-art approaches,our method presents competitive performance.

改进卷积神经网络的医学图像感兴趣区域识别

图像中的噪声会提高图像特征信息提取难度,影响图像识别时的细节保留效果,为此提出改进卷积神经网络的医学图像感兴趣区域识别方法。分析医学图像主要噪声来源,构建噪声模型,利用非局部均值滤波算法计算图像全部像素的加权平均值,完成图像去噪处理;通过图像求反、对比度增加和灰度调节等操作增强图像细节信息;利用局部区域特征提取方法获取图像基础纹理特征,包括灰度、平滑度与熵值等;建立具有卷积层、池化层、全连接层的卷积神经网络模型,引入区域建议网络对其改进,通过该网络确定识别的候选区域,将图像特征作为网络输入,经过不断学习迭代,输出最终感兴趣区域。实验结果表明,所提方法在提高图像质量的基础上,识别出的感兴趣区域较为完整,包含的有用信息更多。

基于卷积特征提取及深度降噪网络的大规模MIMO系统信号检测

传统多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)信号检测算法受到天线数量和收发天线比例的限制,一般仅适用于少量天线、收发天线比例较低的情况。本文提出一种基于深度学习(Deep Learning,DL)的稀疏连接卷积降噪网络模型,用于大规模MIMO系统上行链路信号检测。首先,通过简化经典的检测网络(Detection Network,DetNet),改进ScNet(Sparsely Connected Neural Network)检测算法,引入卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Networks,CNN)对三通道输入数据提取特征以减少训练参数,提出一种SConv(Sparsely Connected Convolutional Neural Network)检测算法。与DetNet算法相比,该算法可同时降低计算复杂度和提高检测精度。在此基础上,进一步基于CNN构建信号降噪模块,并嵌入SConv网络,提出一种卷积神经降噪(Sparsely Connected Convolutional Denoising,SConv-D)网络辅助的大规模MIMO检测算法。此算法检测过程分为两级,第一级由SConv算法提供初始估计值,再将初始估计值作为降噪过程的输入,并由此构成算法第二级。实验结果表明,本文提出的SConv-D算法适用于QPSK、4QAM及16QAM等多种信号调制模式,在高阶调制模式下获得的性能增益尤为明显。此外,该算法能够适应各种比例的收发天线及数量规模的系统配置,尤其是在收发天线数量相等的情况下亦能获得更优的性能。本文算法还克服了MMNet在高阶调制情况下的性能平台效应,在16QAM调制、收发天线数量相等的情况下,SConv-D在10−2误比特率上能获得接近2 dB的性能增益。

注意力去噪与复数LSTM的时变信道预测算法

随着无线通信技术的发展,高速场景下通信技术的研究也越来越广泛,其中获取到准确的信道状态信息对提升无线通信系统的性能具有重要的意义。针对正交频分复用系统在高速场景下,现有信道预测算法未考虑噪声影响及预测精度低的问题,提出了一种注意力去噪与复数卷积LSTM的时变信道预测算法。首先,设计了一种通道注意力信道去噪网络对信道状态信息进行去噪处理,降低了噪声对信道状态信息的影响。然后,提出了基于复数卷积层和长短期记忆网络的信道预测模型,对去噪后历史时刻的信道状态信息进行特征提取,并且对未来时刻的信道状态信息进行预测;改进后的LSTM预测模型增强了对信道时序特征的提取能力,提高了信道预测的精度。最后,结合Adam优化器对未来时刻信道状态信息进行预测输出。仿真结果表明:与对比算法相比,所提基于注意力去噪与复数卷积LSTM的时变信道预测算法对信道状态信息的预测精度更高,能够适用于高速移动场景下的时变信道预测。

基于残差密集卷积自编码的高噪声图像去噪方法

在高噪声图像去噪中,传统卷积自编码器难以挖掘有效的深度特征信息,进而影响了图像的重建质量。为了提高高噪声图像的重建质量,提出了一种残差密集卷积自编码器网络模型。该模型首先使用卷积操作代替池化操作以提高高噪声图像的表征能力;同时,在编码和解码阶段设计三级密集残差网络结构,实现图像特征的有效挖掘;最后,设计一个优化损失函数以进一步提高重建图像的质量。实验结果表明,设计的去噪方法能够从高噪声图像中重建高质量的图像,同时能够保留更多的细节特征信息,有效验证了该算法在图像去噪中的有效性。该方法能够有效解决高噪声图像的去噪问题,具有重要的应用价值。

基于全变分正则项展开的迭代去噪网络

针对神经网络训练存在解释能力差以及不稳定问题,提出一种基于CP(Chambolle-Pock)算法求解的全变分(TV)正则项展开去噪网络(CPTV-Net),用于解决低剂量计算机断层扫描(LDCT)图像去噪问题。首先,向L1正则项模型引入TV约束项,以保留图像的结构信息;其次,采用CP算法对去噪模型进行求解并得出具体迭代步骤,保证算法的收敛性;最后,借助浅层卷积神经网络学习线性操作的原始对偶变量迭代公式,用神经网络计算模型的解,并通过收集网络参数优化合并数据。在模拟和真实LDCT数据集上的实验结果表明,与残差编码器-解码器卷积神经网络(REDCNN)、TED-Net(Transformer Encoder-decoder Dilation Network)等五种先进的去噪方法相比,CPTV-Net具有较优的峰值信噪比(PSNR)、结构相似度(SSIM)和视觉信息保真度(VIF)评估值,能生成去噪效果明显和细节保留最为完整的LDCT图像。

基于堆叠稀疏去噪自编码器的混合入侵检测方法

针对高维数据场景下传统入侵检测方法特征提取困难、检测准确率低等问题,提出一种集成多种深度学习模型的混合入侵检测方法.该方法由特征降维算法和混合检测模型2部分组成.首先,利用堆叠稀疏去噪自编码器对原始数据进行特征降维,从而剔除可能存在的噪声干扰和冗余信息.然后,采用一维卷积神经网络和双向门控循环单元学习数据中的空间维度特征和时序维度特征,将融合后的空时特征通过注意力分配不同的权重系数,从而使有用的信息得到更好表达,再经由全连接层训练后进行分类.为检验方案的可行性,在UNSW-NB15数据集上进行验证.结果表明,该模型与其他同类型入侵检测算法相比,拥有更优秀的检测性能,其准确率达到99.57%,误报率仅为0.68%.

基于卷积神经网络的电力电缆分布式光纤温度传感系统降噪方法的研究

电力电缆沿线温度的实时在线监测能够有效避免电缆过热导致的安全事故发生,分布式光纤温度传感技术由于具有耐高温、灵敏度高和抗电磁干扰等优点在电缆温度监测中得到了广泛应用。然而对长距离的电力电缆进行分布式测温时,温度信号的信噪比随距离的增长而降低,影响电缆温度测量的准确度。针对此问题,本文设计了一种基于卷积神经网络的降噪方法,在大量先验数据的基础上对神经网络的参数进行优化更新,将其应用于长距离分布式测温信号进行噪声的滤除。实验结果表明,本文的消噪方法能够将长度为11 km的分布式测温信号的噪声水平从原始的±17.5℃抑制到±1℃内,有效抑制了噪声,提高了测温准确度。

基于改进对抗网络的地震数据随机噪声压制

针对地球物理勘探中,采集的地震数据被大量随机噪声所覆盖的问题,提出基于改进生成对抗网络(GAN)的地震数据随机噪声压制方法。该网络的核心是将卷积层引入GAN,建立合适的生成器与判别器并引入LeakyReLU、Sigmoid激活函数以优化网络训练效果;卷积层代替全连接层,通过局部连接与权值共享实现在保留数据有效信息的同时提升计算效率。以实际地震数据与合成地震数据进行实验,在数据可视化、峰值信噪比的评价指标下,结果表明与原始GAN、传统方法相比,该方法在不同噪声水平下均有较好的去噪效果,有利于后续地震资料解释等环节。

结合密集残差块和注意力的真实图像去噪网络

为有效去除真实图像噪声并保留图像边缘信息,提出一种结合密集网络思想和并行极化自注意力机制的真实去噪算法。使用3条并行结构处理不同尺度的特征信息,其中每条分支由两个密集注意力块串联而成,形成残差结构。使用选择性核融合机制,获取不同深度下的特征信息,将其融合并使用注意力机制去除冗余信息,获取干净图像。实验结果表明,该算法在SIDD、DND、PolyU测试集上的峰值信噪比分别为39.32 dB、39.52 dB和37.36 dB,结构相似性分别为0.908、0.951和0.952,在SIDD和PolyU测试集上的图像通用质量指标值为0.992和0.982,在去噪任务上可以达到较好的性能,提高了图像视觉的质量。