Interrelationships between Length of the Day, Moon Distance, Phanerozoic Geodynamic Cycles, Tidal Dissipation and Earth’s Core: Review and Analysis

The rotation of the Earth and the related length of the day (LOD) are predominantly affected by tidal dissipation through the Moon and the growth of the Earth’s core. Due to the increased concentration of mass around the rotation axis of the spinning Earth during the growth of the core the rotation should have been accelerated. Controversially the tidal dissipation by the Moon, which is mainly dependent on the availability of open shallow seas and the kind of Moon escape from a nearby position, acts towards a deceleration of the rotating Earth. Measurements of LOD for Phanerozoic and Precambrian times open ways to solve questions concerning the geodynamical history of the Earth. These measurements encompass investigations of growth patterns in fossils and depositional patterns in sediments (Cyclostratigraphy, Tidalites, Stromatolites, Rhythmites). These patterns contain information on the LOD and on the changing distance between Earth and Moon and can be used as well for a discussion about the growth of the Earth’s core. By updating an older paper with its simple approach as well as incorporating newly published results provided by the geoscientific community, a moderate to fast growth of the core in a hot early Earth will be favored controversially to the assumption of a delayed development of the core in an originally cold Earth. Core development with acceleration of Earth’s rotation and the contemporaneous slowing down due to tidal dissipation during the filling of the ocean may significantly interrelate.

RESEARCH OF THE MEAN COOK DISTANCE AND THE ROBUST ESTIMATE OF SCALE PARAMETER

Based on the principle of statistics and the research results by Zhu Jianjun, the paper establishesthe mean Cook distance of scale parameter and studies its properties. The paper still presents the robust estimate of scale parameter with minimum mean Cook distance and theoretically shows that scale parameter isnot "nuisance parameter" and it determined by the plus weight squared sums of the residuals of observations.A simple numerical example is given.

THE MEASURE OF MEAN COOK DISTANCE UNDER THE CONTAMINATED ERROR MODEL

Redefines the mean Cook distance under the contaminated error model. With the help of the mean Cook distance, the paper discusses the relationship between local influence of small perturbations and high leverage case. A new robust method for the adjustment of geodetic networks is proposed. The suggested method, a generalization of the robust method with the minimum mean Cook distance, is more efficient than the others. The basic feature of the method is that the equivalent weight functions of the robust estimates are determined according to the principle of statistics.

基于CD-BSMOTE的D-S证据融合变压器故障诊断

针对变压器油中溶解气体数据集不均衡特性对故障诊断结果的影响,提出一种基于清除临界点改进的边界合成少数类过采样算法均衡数据集和Pearson冲突距离改进D-S证据融合的变压器故障诊断模型。首先,对少数类样本进行均衡化处理,根据K-means聚类结果清除处于临界位置的样本;其次,搭建梯度提升树、随机森林、BP神经网络的故障诊断模型,实现变压器故障初步诊断;接着引入Pearson冲突距离改进D-S证据融合模型,实现诊断结果的融合决策;最后,经实际算例分析,诊断精确率达到92.65%。结果表明,所建模型能有效解决数据不平衡对诊断结果的影响,提高故障诊断精度。

A Class of the Geometric Inequalities Involving k-Brocard Distance

Let P be an inner point of a convex N-gon ΓN ： A1A2… ANA1（N ≥ 3）, and let di,k denote the distance from the point Ai＋k to the line PAi（i = 1,2,…,N, Ai = Aj〈=〉 i ≡ j（modN））, which is called the k-Brocard distance for P of ΓN. We have proved the following double-inequality： If P ∈ ΓN, k = N↑∩i=1∠Ai-kAiAi＋k（1 ≤ k 〈 N/2,i =1,2,…,N）, and r ≤ lnN-ln（N-1）/ln2＋2[lnN-ln（N-1）], then （1/N N↑∑↑i=1di^r, k）^1/r≤1/N coskπ/N N↑∑↑i=1｜AiAi＋k｜≤sin2kπ/2sinπ/N（1/N N↑∑↑i=1｜AiAi＋1｜^2.

基于Cook距离的阻尼多道奇异谱分析分离绕射波

地震绕射是提升小尺度不规则地质体成像横向分辨率的重要手段。常规地震记录中的绕射波会被能量强的反射波掩盖,因此需要分离出绕射波并成像。阻尼多道奇异谱分析是一种秩约束类的去噪方法,其原理为地震数据经过Hankel变换后做奇异值分解,反射波和绕射波分别对应着数值较大和较小的奇异值。然而该算法依赖人工确定反射波场的秩,不适用于海量地震数据处理。为了克服人工选择奇异值的问题,提出使用Cook距离作为自动计算反射波场秩的解决方案。将Cook距离和阻尼多道奇异谱分析算法相结合以实现反射和绕射波分离。模拟共炮检距道集和叠后实际数据实验表明,该方法能够有效获得高质量绕射波场。

On the Range of Action of Adult Culex pipiens s.l.

Mosquitoes are an interesting topic due to their medical importance, as they play an active role in the transmission of many pathogens and parasites, acting as vectors for various pathologies that are deadly to humans, such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, West Nile virus, encephalitis and malaria, among many others that are less common. In terms of morbidity and mortality caused by vector-borne diseases, mosquitoes are the most dangerous animals for humanity and, although they also play a role in the ecosystem as a food source for other organisms, their importance for public health cannot be overlooked. As highly efficient vectors, they put more than three billion people at risk, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions as well as in Europe, since heat waves and flooding are becoming more frequent and severe, and summers are getting longer and warmer, accelerating mosquito development, biting rates, and the incubation of the pathogens within their bodies. Female mosquitoes bite to acquire proteins for the development of their ovaries and eggs and, in the process, acquire pathogens and/or parasites from one vertebrate host and transmit them to another, usually after a short period of replication. Three of their four life stages are lived in still freshwater, so it is crucial to understand their range of action when they reach adulthood and leave the water, in order to plan and implement local prevention measures. A set of georeferenced abundance data collected in mainland Portugal over seven years was linked to cartographed water bodies in a geographic information system to estimate the distances at which Culex pipiens s.l. had a significant presence, with criteria based on the size of the catches. The result allows for an estimate of the fly range of those mosquitoes, which can be used to focus countermeasures.

不同距离条件下S-SAR边坡雷达监测数据规律与方法研究

S-SAR边坡雷达监测过程中由于边坡距离的不确定性,雷达监测数据普遍出现随机性、差异大等问题,致使雷达单一的预警参数无法准确地判断边坡稳定性。针对此类问题,以金中矿业采场边坡为工程背景,采用理论分析、现场实测等综合研究方法,分析了不同距离条件下S-SAR边坡雷达监测数据规律与控制对策。结果表明:S-SAR边坡雷达监测条件下,不同距离条件下S-SAR边坡雷达监测数据规律显现不同,监测距离越远,边坡雷达获取像素点面积越大,监测数据边坡变形量精度越低,导致无法准确分析监测数据,推断边坡稳定性。据此,以相同地质条件下的边坡基准,以不同的监测距离为分级指标,将采场监测范围内的边坡分为二级,给出了不同级别下的边坡雷达监测数据分析的控制对策,应用效果良好。

High-efficiency 18S microalgae barcoding by coalescent,distance and character-based approaches: a test in Chlorella and Scenedesmus

The relatively conserved 18S is often used in the phylogenetic analysis of microalgae. However, whether it can really help in barcoding microalgae needs to be evaluated. In this study the multiple approaches of coalescent, distance and character-based barcoding are first employed in C hlorella and Scenedesmus to test the efficiency of 18S sequences for barcoding green microalgae. We show that most Chlorella and Scenedesmus species, including the cryptic species, can be distinguished by 18S sequences with all coalescent General Mixed Yule-coalescent(GMYC), poisson tree process(PTP), and P ID, distance(ABGD) and character-based approaches. Both GMYC and PTP analyses produce more genetic groups. The P ID and ABGD analyses only cluster some species. All species(apart from a few of lineages) can be separated in character-based barcoding analysis with more than three character attributes. In comparison with previous barcoding results with r bcL, tufA, ITS and 16 S, 18S produces good resolution in identifying Chlorella and Scenedesmus. Our results reveal that 18S is highly efficient in identifying taxa of green microalgae at species level, based on a combination of multiple barcoding approaches. Combining 18S with other gene markers may be useful in barcoding microalgae.

Accreditation System of Distance Higher Education in the U.S. and Its Implications for China

Distance higher education is an important component of the Chinese higher education.How to enhance the quality of distance higher education is one of the key issues to be addressed in the research areas of distance education and higher education.As a crucial step to quality improvement,the constitution of accreditation system in distance higher education balances the benefits of all parties involved.This paper explores the American accreditation system of higher education and distance education and concludes with suggestions for the constitution of the Chinese quality assurance system:1)establishing third-party institutions to share part of the government roles;2)constituting the accreditation system;3)setting up appropriate standards;4)publicizing results of quality assurance work;and 5)building internal quality assurance mechanism.This paper is aimed to provide some reference to the constitution of accreditation system of distance higher education in China,facilitate the solution of quality problems in distance education,and promote the continuous improvement and development of distance education in China.

On the ErdÖs Distance Conjecture in Geometry

ErdÖs asks if it is possible to have n points in general position in the plane (no three on a line or four on a circle) such that for every i (1≤i≤n-1 ) there is a distance determined by the points that occur exactly i times. So far some examples have been discovered for 2≤n≤8 [1] [2]. A solution for the 8 point is provided by I. Palasti [3]. Here two other possible solutions for the 8 point case as well as all possible answers to 4 - 7 point cases are provided and finally a brief discussion on the generalization of the problem to higher dimensions is given.

A generalized evidence distance

How to efficiently measure the distance between two basic probability assignments（BPAs） is an open issue. In this paper, a new method to measure the distance between two BPAs is proposed, based on two existing measures of evidence distance. The new proposed method is comprehensive and generalized. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The Modified BAPGs Method for Support Vector Machine Classifier with Truncated Loss

In this paper, we modify the Bregman APGs (BAPGs) method proposed in (Wang, L, et al.) for solving the support vector machine problem with truncated loss (HTPSVM) given in (Zhu, W, et al.), we also add an adaptive parameter selection technique based on (Ren, K, et al.). In each iteration, we use the linear approximation method to get the explicit solution of the subproblem and set a function to apply the Bregman distance. Finally, numerical experiments are performed to verify the efficiency of BAPGs.

Mach’s Principle, Action at a Distance and Cosmology

Hoyle and Narlikar (HN) in the 1960’s [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310031003900330036003000340034000000 -[3] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310031003900330036003000340037000000 developed a theory of gravitation which was completely Machian and used both retarded and advanced waves to communicate gravitational influence between particles. The advanced waves, which travel backward in time, are difficult to visualize and although they are mathematically allowed by relativistic wave equations, they never really caught on. The HN theory reduced to Einstein’s theory of gravity in the smooth fluid approximation and a transformation into the rest frame of the fluid. Hawking [4] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310031003900330036003000350030000000 in 1965 pointed out a possible flaw in the theory. This involved integrating out into the distant future to account for all the advanced waves which might influence the mass of a particle here and now. Hawking used infinity as his upper time limit and showed the integral was divergent. We point out that since the universe is known to be expanding, and accelerating, the upper limit in the advanced wave time integral should not be infinite but is bounded by the Cosmic Event Horizon. This event horizon He represents a barrier between future events that can be observed and those which cannot. We show that the advanced wave integral is finite when He/C, is used as the upper limit of the advanced wave integral. Hawking’s objection is no longer valid and the HN theory becomes a working theory once again.

Reciprocity Relation between Alternative Gravity Formulas

We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists between both alternative gravity formulas with respect to the distances between mass centers. We conclude a one-to-one mapping of the two gravitational formulas. We don’t need Einstein’s construct of spacetime bending by matter.

Evaluation of Technical Education by Using a Modern Structured MOODLE Laboratory Course, in Relation to Recent Data

E-learning platforms support education systems worldwide, transferring theoretical knowledge as well as soft skills. In the present study high-school pupils’, and adult students’ opinions were evaluated through a modern structured MOODLE interactive course, designed for the needs of the laboratory course “Automotive Systems”. The study concerns Greek secondary vocational education pupils aged 18 and vocational training adult students aged 20 to 50 years. The multistage, equal size simple random cluster sample was used as a sampling method. Pupils and adult students of each cluster completed structured 10-question questionnaires both before and after attending the course. A total of 120 questionnaires were collected. In general, our findings disclosed that the majority of pupils and adult students had significantly improved their knowledge and skills from using MOODLE. They reported strengthening conventional teaching, using the new MOODLE technology. The satisfaction indices improved quite, with the differences in their mean values being statistically significant.

Going the Distance A telemedicine company uses technology to meet Africa’s rural medical needs with prime health care

We have a scarcity of health care professionals in the rural areas and therefore we can offer medical services from a distance to the underserved rural population.

国产C30混凝土考虑率型微损伤演化的改进Johnson-Cook强度模型

采用Instron1342液压伺服试验机和改进的SHPB技术对国产C30混凝土进行了应变率在一定宽广范围的一维应力下力学性能试验,采用Johnson-Cook强度模型的框架,确定适用于大变形、高应变率及高压下混凝土数值计算的等效强度模型的率相关参数及其他材料常数。由对C30混凝土的大量试验表明,混凝土损伤演化是同时依赖于应变与应变率的率相关过程,提出适用于工程应用的率型损伤演化律来描述C30混凝土的损伤演化过程,并确定了损伤演化常数。由于材料参数小于1,对应于材料的冲击韧化的过程,与国产C30混凝土动态试验结果相吻合。

BSS algorithm for dependent signals using Cook's nonGaussianity measure

Based on the generalization of the central limit theorem(CLT) to special dependent variables, this paper shows that maximization of the nonGaussianity(NG) measure can separate the statistically dependent source signals, and the novel NG measure is given by Cook's Euclidean distance using the Chebyshev-Hermite series expansion. Then, a novel blind source separation (BSS) algorithm for linear mixed signals is proposed using Cook's NG measure, which makes it possible to separate statistically dependent source signals. Moreover, the proposed separation algorithm can result in the famous FastICA algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed separation algorithm is able to separate the dependent signals and yield ideal

一种AES S盒改进方案及其硬件设计

为提高高级加密标准(advanced encryption standard, AES)算法的安全性,提出了一种新的S盒生成方案。在分析了现有S盒存在的问题后,基于S盒的构造原理和密码学性质,通过选择新的不可约多项式和仿射变换对,同时调整仿射变换与乘法逆的运算顺序,构造出一种新的S盒;对生成的新S盒与AES的S盒以及其他改进S盒在代数式项数、严格雪崩标准距离等方面进行了比较,结果显示,新S盒具有更好的代数性质,能够有效抵御代数攻击;还对新S盒进行了硬件设计并优化,DC综合结果显示新S盒复域优化实现消耗的资源比传统复域实现少12%,比查找表法实现少41%。新S盒在安全性方面优于现有S盒,将其应用于AES软件设计和硬件设计,并通过仿真测试验证了其正确性。