In hot arid countries with severe weather, the summer air conditioning systems consume much electrical power at peak period. Shifting the loads peak to off-peak period with thermal storage is recommended. Model A of r...In hot arid countries with severe weather, the summer air conditioning systems consume much electrical power at peak period. Shifting the loads peak to off-peak period with thermal storage is recommended. Model A of residential buildings and Model B of schools and hospitals were used to estimate the daily cooling load profile in Makkah, Saudi Arabia at latitude of 21.42°N and longitude of 39.83°E. Model A was constructed from common materials, but Model B as Model A with 5 - 8 cm thermal insulation and double layers glass windows. The average data of Makkah weather through 2010, 2011 and 2012 were used to calculate the cooling load profile and performance of air conditioning systems. The maximum cooling load was calculated at 15:00 o’clock for a main floor building to a 40-floor of residential building and to 5 floors of schools. A district cooling plant of 180,000 Refrigeration Ton was suggested to serve the Gabal Al Sharashf area in the central zone of Makkah. A thermal storage system to store the excess cooling capacity was used. Air cooled condensers were used in the analysis of chiller refrigeration cycle. The operating cost was mainly a function of electrical energy consumption. Fixed electricity tariff was 0.04 $/kWh for electromechanical counter, and 0.027, 0.04, 0.069 $/kWh for shifting loads peak for the smart digital counter. The results showed that the daily savings in consumed power are 8.27% in spring, 6.86% in summer, 8.81% in autumn, and 14.55% in winter. Also, the daily savings in electricity bills are 12.26% in spring, 16.66% in summer, 12.84% in autumn, and 14.55% in winter. The obtained maximum saving in consumed power is 14.5% and the daily saving in electricity bills is 43% in summer when the loads peak is completely shifted to off-peak period.展开更多
On July 12, Xie Fuzhan, Commissioner of National Bureau of Statistics of China attended the press conference held by State Council Information Office, and delivered the report on China＇s national unit GDP energy con...On July 12, Xie Fuzhan, Commissioner of National Bureau of Statistics of China attended the press conference held by State Council Information Office, and delivered the report on China＇s national unit GDP energy consumption in 2006, presenting with major indicators of unit GDP energy consumption both at national and regional levels in the year 2006.展开更多
能源电力系统的低碳转型是实现碳达峰碳中和目标的关键所在。为研判“双碳”目标下我国能源电力系统的未来发展趋势,该文构建了考虑绿电替代与绿氢替代的中长期能源电力发展估算模型,基于模型对2020—2060年我国能源电力发展场景进行测...能源电力系统的低碳转型是实现碳达峰碳中和目标的关键所在。为研判“双碳”目标下我国能源电力系统的未来发展趋势,该文构建了考虑绿电替代与绿氢替代的中长期能源电力发展估算模型,基于模型对2020—2060年我国能源电力发展场景进行测算,分析相关核心指标的演化趋势,并针对绿电绿氢与现有能源系统协同发展的多能互补综合能源发展模式提出方案设想。结果表明,以绿电为主、绿氢为辅对传统化石能源的“双替代”,作为实现“双碳”目标的关键措施,将在新型能源体系和新型电力系统建设中发挥决定性作用,分别针对源端能源生产基地和终端消费区域提出的综合能源生产单元(integrated energy production unit,IEPU)和综合能源产消单元(integrated energy production and consumption unit,IECU)设想,可为促进多类型资源协同优化和高效配置、支撑构建新型能源体系与新型电力系统提供方案参考。展开更多
文摘In hot arid countries with severe weather, the summer air conditioning systems consume much electrical power at peak period. Shifting the loads peak to off-peak period with thermal storage is recommended. Model A of residential buildings and Model B of schools and hospitals were used to estimate the daily cooling load profile in Makkah, Saudi Arabia at latitude of 21.42°N and longitude of 39.83°E. Model A was constructed from common materials, but Model B as Model A with 5 - 8 cm thermal insulation and double layers glass windows. The average data of Makkah weather through 2010, 2011 and 2012 were used to calculate the cooling load profile and performance of air conditioning systems. The maximum cooling load was calculated at 15:00 o’clock for a main floor building to a 40-floor of residential building and to 5 floors of schools. A district cooling plant of 180,000 Refrigeration Ton was suggested to serve the Gabal Al Sharashf area in the central zone of Makkah. A thermal storage system to store the excess cooling capacity was used. Air cooled condensers were used in the analysis of chiller refrigeration cycle. The operating cost was mainly a function of electrical energy consumption. Fixed electricity tariff was 0.04 $/kWh for electromechanical counter, and 0.027, 0.04, 0.069 $/kWh for shifting loads peak for the smart digital counter. The results showed that the daily savings in consumed power are 8.27% in spring, 6.86% in summer, 8.81% in autumn, and 14.55% in winter. Also, the daily savings in electricity bills are 12.26% in spring, 16.66% in summer, 12.84% in autumn, and 14.55% in winter. The obtained maximum saving in consumed power is 14.5% and the daily saving in electricity bills is 43% in summer when the loads peak is completely shifted to off-peak period.
文摘On July 12, Xie Fuzhan, Commissioner of National Bureau of Statistics of China attended the press conference held by State Council Information Office, and delivered the report on China＇s national unit GDP energy consumption in 2006, presenting with major indicators of unit GDP energy consumption both at national and regional levels in the year 2006.
文摘能源电力系统的低碳转型是实现碳达峰碳中和目标的关键所在。为研判“双碳”目标下我国能源电力系统的未来发展趋势,该文构建了考虑绿电替代与绿氢替代的中长期能源电力发展估算模型,基于模型对2020—2060年我国能源电力发展场景进行测算,分析相关核心指标的演化趋势,并针对绿电绿氢与现有能源系统协同发展的多能互补综合能源发展模式提出方案设想。结果表明,以绿电为主、绿氢为辅对传统化石能源的“双替代”,作为实现“双碳”目标的关键措施,将在新型能源体系和新型电力系统建设中发挥决定性作用,分别针对源端能源生产基地和终端消费区域提出的综合能源生产单元(integrated energy production unit,IEPU)和综合能源产消单元(integrated energy production and consumption unit,IECU)设想,可为促进多类型资源协同优化和高效配置、支撑构建新型能源体系与新型电力系统提供方案参考。
