Measurement of Urban Economic Gravity of China’s Three Major Agglomerations and Its Implications for the Coordinated Development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

This paper adopts the perspective of urban economic linkage and the modified urban economic gravity model to conduct a comparative analysis of the economic gravity among cities in China’s three major urban agglomerations,including the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the Yangtze River Delta,and the Pearl River Delta.The results show that,despite the ever-tightening economic linkages among cities in the urban agglomerations,the development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region falls behind that of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta in terms of coordination,closeness,and balance.The economic linkages among cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are not as cohesive as they could be and display a significant“siphon effect”through Beijing and Tianjin as well as a prominently unidirectional economic flow.This study suggests that efforts should be put into directing the orderly flow of resources from Beijing and Tianjin to cities in Hebei and promoting a balanced economic flow among cities,thus facilitating the coordination of regional development.

Evaluation and welfare effect of coordinated ecological development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Regional coordinated ecological development is a new form of regional coordinated development that aims to construct an ecological civilization in the“new normal”period.The coordinated ecological development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region is especially significant because this region is leading the overall coordinated development and reform in China.Based on complex system theory,synergetics,and the ecological civilization and green development ideas of the“new normal”period,we constructed a regional ecological synergy measurement model that scientifically evaluates the dynamic evolution of the BTH ecological synergy level from 2006 to 2018.Using an econometric model,we also analyzed the welfare effect and the regional heterogeneity of ecological synergy in regional development.First,it was found that in general,the degree of ecological synergy in BTH increased yearly up to 2018 with a strong development trend.The speed of ecological synergy in the Tianjin-Hebei and Beijing-Hebei subsystems was accelerating during that period,but the development potential of the ecological synergy in Beijing-Tianjin was insufficient and slow-growing.Second,whereas Beijing had entered the stage of moderate coordinated ecological development,Tianjin and Hebei remained in the low level of coordinated development;moreover,the coordinated development was unstable.The uneven development of the internal subsystems in BTH restricted the development of the cooperative effect and the overall development of the region.Third,improving the degree of ecological synergy significantly benefited the social and economic welfare in BTH.Finally,the welfare effect of the degree of ecological synergy showed a significant regional heterogeneity,being significantly higher in Tianjin and Hebei than in Beijing.This result indicates that improving the ecological synergy can narrow the development gaps between Tianjin,Hebei,and Beijing.To further improve the level of regional ecological synergy,we should innovate the coordinated model of regional development,implement the collaborative ecological development model,generate new growth drivers for the green development of BTH based on a reasonable division of labor,difference positioning,and active integration,create a soft environment for an innovation ecosystem that promotes regional ecological synergy,and build a regional innovation ecosystem led by Beijing and Xiongan.Next,we should establish a balanced regional-interest mechanism with ecological environmental protection that supports regional green and high-quality development.

Development of Agricultural Product Logistics in Tianjin in the Context of the Coordinated Development Strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

Since February 26,2014,Chinese president Xi Jinping of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China listened to the report on the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and delivered an important speech,and officially raised the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region as a major national strategy,the integration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region has entered the"fast lane".Guided by accelerating the construction of agricultural product supply areas,agricultural high-tech industry demonstration areas,and agricultural product logistics center areas,Tianjin seizes the opportunity of coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,brings into full play to the advantages of Tianjin s three-dimensional transportation network,perfect market system,high-quality port services,rapid growth of cold chain and e-commerce,to promote the faster and better development of Tianjin s agriculture.In addition,focusing on comprehensively improving Tianjin s regional agricultural product logistics service capabilities,Tianjin is establishing a distribution center for agricultural products,an e-commerce center,and a high-end agricultural product distribution center serving the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,to promote the construction of Tianjin agricultural product logistics center.

Regional Evolution Features and Coordinated Development Strategies for Northeast China

Northeast China, as the most important production base of agriculture, forestry, and livestock-breeding as well as the old industrial base in the whole country, has been playin a key role in the construction and development of China＇s economy. However, after the policy of reform and open-up was taken in China. the economic development speed and efficiency ofthis area have turned to be evidently lower than those of coastal area and the national average level as well, which is so-called ＇Northeast Phenomenon＇ and ＇Neo-Northeast Phenomenon＇. In terms of those phenomena, this paper firstly reviews the spatial and temporal features of the regional evolution of this area so as to unveil the profound forming causes of ＇Northeast Phenomena＇ and ＇Neo-Northeast Phenomena＇. And then the paper makes a further exploration into the status quo of this region and its forming causes by analyzing its economy gross, industrial structure, product structure, regional eco-categories, etc. At the end of the paper, the authors put forward the basic coordinated development strategies for Northeast China. namely we can revitalize this area by means of adjustment of economic structure, regional coordination, planning urban and rural areas as a whole, institutional innovation, etc.

Public choice on coordinated development of border regions and its empirical research:a case study of Wuling mountain area

Due to the difficult segmentation of land destiny, popularity destiny, industry destiny on the platform of common interests demand, the regional governance of production and living for the needs of the people in cross-regional areas, such as in the aspects of security, education, assignment and management of water resources, transportation, energy, environment protection and public health, the administrative border regional cooperation is relatively easy. These aspects are equivalent to public products. Just because of this, it leads to problems that nobody will not control. The governments, in order to realize regional economic coordinated development and to eliminate the regional interests parties of administrative regions economy in microcosmic, were adapting various self-protection measures, even including that "you may have your policy but I have my countermeasures" that is derived from inter-regional economic relations. The action of market segmentation has limited the flow of various economic development elements, especially the condition of "dead end highway", resource exploitation and use, difficult social security work in social living of the administrative boundary zone. This paper studies the typical economical district of Wuling mountain area in the obvious strategic position at the junction of Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei provinces from the angle of regional public management and public choice to present issue awareness and academic purpose.

Ecological and Environmental Protection Requirements in China s Regional Coordinated Development Strategy in the New Era

Starting from the historical evolution of China s regional coordinated development policy and practice,three stages of"enlightenment stage","development stage"and"maturity stage",as well as the connotation,characteristics and content of implementing regional coordinated development strategy were analyzed.On this basis,from different aspects of industrial distribution,pollutant characteristics and regional environmental protection policy,the existing ecological and environmental protection problems in China s regional coordinated development in the new era were analyzed,and some suggestions for the next step were put forward.It is necessary to follow the"four ones"concept from the overall point of view,implement"three lines and one list"from the perspective of the width of the access red line,strengthen"joint prevention and control"from the perspective of the depth of regional regulation,deepen the"planning environmental impact assessment"from the perspective of the breadth of industrial distribution,and promote the"green-way model"from the perspective of ecological low carbon.

Regional Coordinated Development and Joint Prevention and Control for Environmental Protection in China in the New Era

The three important historical development stages of China from"standing up","getting rich"to"becoming strong"were analyzed deeply.Regional coordinated development policies and strategies have also gone through the"enlightenment stage","development stage"and"mature stage".On this basis,the problems of the coordination of China s regional coordinated development and joint prevention and control for environmental protection in the new era,as well as suggestions for the next step were further analyzed.

Coordinated development of Yunnan's frontier culture and economy under the regional economic integration pattern

This paper constructs the index system by means of quantitative analysis. We choose the coordination degree of Yunnan province from 2012 to 2015. The regional cultural and economic development in Yunnan's frontier are analyzed so that we can provide the reference for the sustainable development of Yunnan's frontier and realize the coordinated development of culture in Yunnan's frontier and economic system in order. The results show that the culture and economy in Yunnan's frontier are coupled with formation of the coordinated development of culture and economy; economic development is the main reason to promote the coordinated development of culture and economy in Yunnan's frontier, and it contributes to the main force of improving the coordinated development of evolution types; the coordinated development degree of the overall level is low and still in the China's backward level.

Evaluation and countermeasures for coordinated development in the active export-oriented region: a case study on Zhejiang, China

Taking a typical active export-oriented region Zhejiang as an example, this paper tries to evaluate its Coordinated Development Degree （CDD） form 1997, focusing on the characteristics of its export-oriented econom〉 and regional environment. The results show that Zhejiang ＇s CDD has kept increasing steadily after its slight drop in 1998. Finally, four measurements are proposed to promote sustainable development, including increasing and equalizing region＇s environmental investment, changing pollution-intensive export structure to avoid restricting the whole industrial structure, restricting simple spatial translocation of high-material consumption, high-energy consumption and high-pollution industries, etc.

Characteristics and prospects analysis of China＇s regional coordinated development of regional economy

According to proposed research methods of national coordinated development of regional economy, we calculated national coordinated development degree of regional economy in recent year and analyzed the trend and characteristics. The result shows that： the overall level of national coordination development of regional economy improved significantly, reaching a higher level of coordination.

Eurasia Continental Bridge——An Important Link of the Coordinated Development between China's Eastern,Central and Western Regions

The new Eurasia Continental Bridgeruns from East China to Central andWest China, crossing 11 provincesand regions, namely Jiangsu, Shandong,Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi,Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Ningxia.The total area is 3.6 million sq km and thepopulation is about 300 million, accountingfor a third and a quarter of the whole countryrespectively. The area is very rich in naturalresources, so it is called an "Economic goldbelt" and "Gold corridor". Aerial remote-control survey indicates that along thecontinental bridge from Lianyungang to theAla Mountains within China’s boundary,

Study on Coordinated Development of Regions Based on the Construction of Enterprise Value Network

Under the background of constructing harmonious economic society, how to realize the coordinated development of regions in the course of region integration is a key problem. According to the relevant theory of enterprise gene reconfiguration and enterprise value network construction, we analyzed the problems in the merging course between the value network construction and region economic growth. Finally, we put forward the basic path of coordinated development of regions.

COORDINATING DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT OF THE TROPIC REGION IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

The tropic region of Yunnan is a treasurable land with rich resources and great development potentials. The natural environment and resources of the region are characterized by a complicated topography, great height deviation, monsoon climate as well as abound biological resources. Therefore, the tropic region becomes an ideal place for developing agricultural production base, though it do exist such problems as adverse location, sparsely distributed land resources, poor traffic conditions and deterioration of ecological environment. In order to further exploit the tropical resources and to implement comprehensive harnessing, we should take the following countermeasures:Working out a comprehensive development planning; restoring ecological environment,establishing agricultural production base; tapping fully water resources; constructing the traffic line and developing the border ports and tourism spots.

Coordinating Regional Development as a Solid Foundation for Common Prosperity

Coordinating regional development is a key step for China to achieve the goal of common prosperity for all. From the era of the planned economy to the development,consolidation and improvement of the socialist market economic system after reform and opening up since 1978, as a key target of economic development, China has been committed to balancing regional development, and after decades-long explorations and relentless efforts made great progress. Coordinated regional development-as manifested in narrowed regional development gaps, more equal access to basic public services and eradication of regional absolute poverty-has paved the way for more substantive progress to be made in delivering common prosperity for all. Despite the progress, China still needs to further improve institutional systems for regional coordination and undergird the regional foundation for common prosperity according to the requirements of its new development stage. Specifically, China should focus on the following priorities:(i) Strengthen institutional infrastructure, smooth regional internal and external circulations, and develop a unified domestic market at a higher level;(ii) give full play to the role of the government in equalizing access to basic public services, promoting infrastructure connectivity and protecting basic living standards;(iii) optimize integrated urban-rural development mechanisms, take solid steps to revitalize the countryside, and further coordinate urban and rural development;(iv) improve the layout of the industrial chain and advance interregional industrial chain upgrade and social progress.

Coordinated Development Level of Economic Society and Ecological Environment in Binzhou City

Based on the data of GDP per capita and emissions of major pollutants in Binzhou City from 2013 to 2017,the changing trends of emissions of major pollutants with the increase of GDP per capita,as well as the coordinated development level of ecological environment and social economy in Binzhou City were studied.The results showed that with the increase of GDP per capita,the changing curves of industrial wastewater and industrial soot in Binzhou City were inverted-U-shaped,and the emission of industrial wastewater reduced after peaking.However,the production of industrial solid waste and the emission of industrial waste gas did not show a downward trend with economic growth,and still increased year by year.The coordination degree of economic development and ecological environment protection in Binzhou City was moderately lagged.By the adjustment of industrial structure,environmental protection and control should be increased,and relevant regulations should be formulated to control pollutant emissions,thereby achieving sustainable development and coordinated development of regional ecology and environment.

Construction and Implementation Approaches of Ecological Compensation Mechanism for Coordinated Control of Air Pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

The spatial spillover of air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region makes the territorial governance model inefficient.At the same time,it is facing the contradiction between environmental governance and economic development.So far,there is still no regional long-term mechanism for coordinated governance of air pollution.Ecological compensation theory is becoming an effective guiding theory to coordinate economic and environmental benefits.There is relatively little research on ecological compensation mechanism in the coordinated control of regional air pollution.Ecological compensation mechanism is an effective tool to promote air pollution control.At the same time,regional cooperation can realize the efficient control of air pollution.Scientifically constructing the cross regional cooperative control model of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei is a favorable way to implement comprehensive control of air pollution.This paper discusses the necessity of ecological compensation mechanism for regional coordinated control of air pollution.Referring to practical experience of provinces and cities that have implemented the ecological compensation mechanism for air pollution control,and the effective way to distribute the compensation amount,compensation subject and compensation standard determination method that can be implemented in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are analyzed,further proposing an effective way to establish an ecological compensation mechanism for regional air pollution collaborative control according to its reality.

China’s Regional Economic Development since 1949:Review and Outlook

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,China’s regional development strategy has experienced three stages-the balanced development strategy before reform and opening up in 1978,imbalanced development strategy since 1978,and the present coordinated development stage.Each stage has its own priorities and characteristics of historical context and offers valuable experience for China’s regional economic development.Reviewing the journey and historic characteristics of China’s regional economic development is of great theoretical and relevant significance to its balanced regional economic development in the new era.Experience shows that in the strategic choice of regional development,importance should be given to the proper handling of relationships between efficiency and fairness,government and market,equilibrium and disequilibrium,and central and local governments.In general,China’s regional economic development has achieved tremendous progress since 1949,particularly since 1978 as manifested in favorable regional development momentum and balanced regional development.Nevertheless,imbalanced and inadequate regional development remain prominent contradictions.In the new era,we must follow Xi Jinping thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics as guidance,implement the strategy of balanced regional development,and bring about a new development pattern characterized by equal access to basic public services,relatively balanced infrastructure accessibility and generally equal living standards.

The coordination of regional interest in developing river basin

River basin is a special region with the characteristics of entireO, and relation, regionality and dlversity, gradation and network, openness and dissipation etc. It is an important unit that organizes and governs national economy as well as a natural re, on. In river basin, all natural essential factors relate closely each other, and there is remarkable influence between inter-regions. In the process of developing river basin, the multiplex main interest body, the diverse interest demand and the multi-ways of interest realization constitute a complicated interest network, and result in various contradictions and conflicts. Therefore, egective regional interest coordination mechanism should be estabfished to coordinate various regional interest relations. They are the public interest realization mechanism, the fair interest assignment mechanism, the effective interest integration mechanism, the expedited interest expression mechanism and the reasonable interest compensative mechanism.

BUILDING A MODERATELY PROSPEROUS SOCIETY IN ALL RESPECTS——Regional Coordination

In China’s modernization drive, coordinated regional development and the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects have been two mutually reinforcing dimensions. The three shifts of China’s principal social contradiction have responded to evolving needs of its regional development. Throughout various stages, the strategy of coordinated regional development has promoted the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects in its concept formation, implementation and upcoming completion, which has reinforced regional coordination in return. In striving to achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society, China has increased its economic base, balanced its regional development, narrowed regional disparities, and increased equal access to essential public services.

China’s Western Development Strategy for Modernization Drive

The Western Development Strategy(WDS)is a key aspect of China’s coordinated regional development strategy and effort to build a modern country.The world is undergoing profound changes that have not been witnessed in a century.This paper discusses the WDS’s importance in regards to China’s modernization drive and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.First,this paper identifies the WDS’s mission to improve people’s livelihood in China’s western regions,promote common prosperity for the Eurasian continent,and support the green transition of China’s and Eurasian energy economic and environmental systems,and safeguard ecological security in Asia at large.Second,this paper suggests that the key to the WDS is to reshape the geographical layout of economic activity in the western regions to avoid inefficiency.Specifically,China should develop a compact geographical layout of economic activity in the western regions,introduce a unique competition strategy,as well as find solutions for coordinated regional development based on key river basins.Finally,develop smart internet and inland free ports within the western regions.