海底观测装置—CORK:安装在深海钻孔内的“眼睛”

几十年来,海洋科学、地球科学研究和解决问题的方式由过去间隙性的探索转变为持续性的原位观测和实验研究。20世纪90年代,随着大洋钻探的快速发展而诞生的海底CORK(Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit,简称CORK)观测系统为科学家们针对复杂的海底深部活动过程进行数秒乃至数十年时间尺度的研究提供了新手段和新机遇,对我们认识地球动力学、深海矿产资源形成与分布、深部生物圈与生命物质等方面具有重要意义。

Assessment of Cork Oak Decline Using Digital Multispectral Imagery in Relation with in Situ Crown Condition

Cork oak in Maamora forest is experiencing the dieback phenomenon. The evaluation of the latter in this forest has gained the importance over time and with the solicitation of managers to objectify its phytosanitary situation. Aiming at prioritizing management actions, remote sensing seems to be an effective tool to inquire about stands’ health conditions and their evolution. To this end, this study aims at mapping and validating health status of cork oak stands in Maamora. Sentinel 2 images in 2015 and 2020 were processed to calculate the differential normalized difference water index (NDWI), revealing vegetation moisture variation caused by drought. A statistical method based on thresholds was used to map cork oak dieback stands, those with no changes and those recovered. Results have shown that 54.63% of cork oak in Maamora forest have not changed in terms of phytosanitary situation between 2015 and 2020, 31.10% of oak stands are afflicted by a slight decline and 12.97% by a severe decline. Areas with slight or strong recovery remain minimal and represent 1.04% and 0.25% respectively. Ground data indicated that the map generated displayed a good distinction between stands severely and slightly declined with a global accuracy of 66.66%. Therefore, further research elaborating an advanced vegetation index reflecting the various factors of dieback would be of much importance.

A Study on the Density of Agglomerates Prepared from Cork Wastes

The density of black regranulate (BR) of cork and of black agglomerate (BA) and composite agglomerate (CA) prepared fromsuch a waste by different methods was investigated. The preparation of the agglomerates was undertaken by controlling thespecimen thickness for BA and the particle size for BR and the binder dosage for CA. The mass changes produced in theoven-drying treatment at 376.15 K of the agglomerates and in their subsequent stabilization under ambient conditions werealso analyzed. The density was determined by standard methods. For BR, the bulk density first decreased and then increasedwith decreasing particle size. It was much lower than the apparent density of the agglomeration products of cork. Although toa lesser extent, the density was also lower for BA than for CA. It was higher for the smaller thickness specimens of BA. In thecase of CA, the density followed the same variation trends as for BR. Furthermore it increased significantly with the increasein resin dosage. This resulted in a noticeable increase in the weight loss during the oven-drying and in a significant decreasein the degree of moisture adsorption during the stabilization period of the agglomerate.

Effect of Amino Acids on Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis of Moroccan Cork Oak (<i>Quercus suber</i>L.) Tree

In the present study, we tested the effect of amino acids on secondary somatic embryogenesis of Moroccan cork oak (Quercus suber L.). Secondary mature and immature somatic embryos were obtained from primary somatic embryos cultured in N30K medium supplemented with nineteen amino acids. Stimulation of embryogenesis was dependent on the type and concentration of amino acid in the medium. Thus, L-glutamine and L-asparagine at 3.42 mM have been proved to be the most favorable for the formation of functional somatic embryos and the induction of secondary somatic embryos.

Applicability of Lung Equivalent Phantom Using the Cork with Absorbed Water in Radiotherapeutic Dosimetry

The radiation dosimetry in medical practice requires special phantom to simulate the organs and tissues of a human body. To achieve the same elemental composition as that of the human lung by weight percent, we constructed lung equivalent phantom (LEP) using cork with absorbed water in order for it to uniformly absorb the water. Then, we presented the physical properties and dosimetric characteristics of other commercial phantoms and the LEP. We found that the physical properties and dosimetric characteristics of the LEP were approximately the same as those of human lung tissue. LEP constitutes a new dosimetry tool because it can provide the dose distributions and point doses similar to those for the body with respiratory motion of lung.

Nitrogen and Organic Matter Mineralization in the Tunisian Cork Oak Forest: A Laboratory Study

The mineralization of the organic matter is a very important phenomenon which leads to the release of nutriments used by plants. The rate of transformation of the organic matter depends on several factors and parameters such as climatic factors and biological and physicochemical properties of the soil and the litter. In this study, we investigate the effect of the addition of litter of various species as well as the effect of soil moisture on mineralization of organic matter and on mineral nitrogen release in three soils sampled in three cork oak stands during a period of 41 days under the same laboratory conditions. Carbon mineralization was determined using CO2 respiration method, whereas the mineral nitrogen content was measured at the last day of incubation both in soil samples with added plant leaf material, and in control soil samples without addition under two treatments of moisture (40% and 80% WHC—water holding capacity). Our results show that the addition of leaf litter causes an increase in the microbial activity. Soils without addition were significantly different from the plant leaf added soils in respect to carbon mineralization at the end of the incubation period. Moreover, it is noted that the mineralization of carbon is more marked with moisture at 80% than that of 40%, contrary to that of the nitrogen, which is not influenced by the variation of moisture.

Predicting Cork Oak Suitability in Maâmora Forest Using Random Forest Algorithm

Maamora is considered the most important cork-oak forest in the world with regard to surface. Therefore, anthropic pressure, including cork harvesting, grazing and soft acorn picking up by local communities, has harmful consequences on forest regeneration and the forest become older exceeding harvesting age. Thus, its sustainability depends on the managers’ ability to succeed cork oak plantations. This work presents an assessment approach to evaluate Quercus suber suitability to its plantation which is based on a random forest algorithm (RF). In fact, this suitability has been assessed through analyzing management data related to previous plantation success rates (SR). Then a relationship between SR and a set of environmental and social factors has been investigated using the RF. Application of the fitted model to continuous maps of all involved factors enabled establishment of suitability maps which would help managers to make more rational decisions in terms of cork oak regeneration, ensuring Maamora forest sustainability.

Callogenesis of Cork Oak(Quercus suber L.)through In Vitro Culture of Nodes and Internodes

The present study is about in vitro culture of cork oak, through callogenesis from nodes and internodes, withdrawn from seedlings of three months. These latter were obtained after acorns germination on peat. Nodes showed a high capacity for callogenesis and the best rate was obtained on a medium containing Woody Plant Medium (WPM) macronutrients, Murashige and Skoog (MS) micronutrients and vitamins, 4.5 μM of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), 7 μM of 2-naphthalineacetic acid (NAA) and 30 g/L of Sucrose. Calluses are transplanted onto the same mineral solution, with or without growth regulators, and in the 3rd transplanting;small white embryos appear on the surface of calluses.

Development of Composites Sandwich Structures Using a Core Cork

Sandwich structures are comprised of two external faces/skins(usually made of synthetic fiber/resin)and a core between them,being lightweight and with high stiffness.The employment of composite materials such as engineering materials has achieved more space in various segments of the industry,due to the following properties found:low density,stiffness,resistance to abrasion,impact and corrosion developed along the technological advancement of materials.This study aimed to develop a composite structure sandwich with cork core using in the face resin unsaturated polyester and glass fiber material,in order to obtain a final material with improved mechanical and physical properties compared to a conventional composite,without core.The samples were obtained by pressing process for different volume percentage of glass fiber in order to evaluate the influence of this parameter on the behavior of the material.The different samples were mechanically analyzed using the tests by tensile,bending and hardness,revealing high efficiency,except for the bending test in which the sandwich composite showed lower values compared to the composite standard.It was also performed to test water absorption,thermal and acoustic insulation test achieving satisfactory results and proving the effectiveness of cork in the search for materials with insulating characteristics,thus enabling the use of cork as a raw material for this class of materials contributing to sustainability and helping to generate values and innovation.In addition,it functions as a great thermal and acoustic insulation.

Beteland Cork for Room Decoration

The major production places for cork are Spain and Portugal. The cork is used in making stoppers for bottles containing brandy, whisky or champagne. In recent decades, cork room wall decorations and cork floor boards have become popular for being toxicfree, odourless and harmless to human health. So it is called a green building material.

Cork冠状动脉疾病病例对照研究中急性冠状动脉综合征和慢性感染的关系

Objective: To examine the association between chronic infection and cumulative burden of infection and acute coronary syndrome. Design: The 5C(Cork coronary care case-control)-study was a community based case-control study. Patients and controls underwent a standard physical examination and had blood samples taken for serological analysis for Helicobacter pylori(IgG), Chlamydia pneumoniae(IgA, IgM, and IgG), cytomegalovirus(IgG), and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2(IgG). Setting: Patients were recruited from four hospitals in Cork City and Mal lowTown, Controls, individually matched on age and sex, were selected by incident density sampling from the same general practices as the referent case. Main outcome measures: Age and sex adjusted and fully adjusted odds ratios for acute coronary syndrome by seropositivity and by increasing number of infections. Results: Cases and controls did not differ significantly in seropositivity to C pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex viruses, and H pylori. In unconditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, waist to hip ratio, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and social class there was no evidence of an increasing risk for acute coronary syndrome with increasing burden of infection. Conclusions: The findings do not support an association between specific infectious agents and acute coronary syndrome and do not provide evidence of a burden of infection effect.

海底CORK观测30年：发展、应用与展望

过去50年深海钻探计划(DSDP)、大洋钻探计划(ODP)及综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)等国际间综合深海钻探计划的实施,使我们对地球和海洋的认识取得了显著进步。海底井控观测装置(CORK)的研发和应用是上述深海钻探计划带给我们的最宝贵财富之一。目前地球科学和海洋科学已由过去的间断性观测模式升级为现在的连续性原位观测模式,海底CORK观测系统为地球科学、海洋科学与生命科学领域的科学家对海底洋壳复杂而又相互关联的深部过程进行数秒至数十年时间尺度的研究提供了新手段和新机遇。通过对海底CORK观测系统的发展演变、在ODP和IODP航次中的使用以及在此过程中获得的科学经验和教训进行总结,对CORK系统如何应用于我国洋壳地质学、水文学、微生物学及生物地球化学过程研究提出看法。

基于三锚式大型浮标平台的海洋地震监测技术分析

海洋地震监测是防震减灾的重要工作内容之一,是提高海域中地震定位精度、监测水平的技术手段,并可为大地构造、地球动力学等基础地学研究提供宝贵基础信息。根据国内外海洋地震监测技术发展现状,结合现代海洋资料浮标与海底光缆技术特点,文中着重探讨基于三锚式大型浮标平台的海洋地震监测技术与方法。研究分析表明:建设基于海洋浮标平台的地震监测系统更具可行性、可操作性,采用直径三锚式大型浮标作为“通讯和供电子系统”较为适宜;海洋地震监测项目的安全关系到了整个系统的稳定运行,特别要关注“通讯和供电子系统”和“地震观测技术子系统”之间连接的安全保障措施;海洋地震监测项目质量对保障整个系统具有举重轻重的作用,在“地震观测技术子系统”海底安装中要注意地震设备的防洋流和与大地耦合的两个重要环节。

传承·发展·创新:非遗视域下福州软木画技艺研究

福州软木画于2008年正式入选第二批国家非物质文化遗产名录,是福州特色工艺品的代表之一。软木画在百余年的发展历程中,曾出现高度繁荣,但于20世纪末走向衰落。近些年在政策和产业创新发展的助推下,逐渐重返人们视野。通过简述软木画概况,分析非遗视域下软木画的传承、发展与创新,通过软木画的创新,重振软木画技艺,挖掘软木画的艺术特色、人文内涵和文化价值,推动软木画与中外文化、现代社会的融合,让更多的人认识软木画,共同“活”性保护、开发和传承软木画,再现软木画的灿烂辉煌。

Direct Modulation of the Guard Cell Outward- Rectifying Potassium Channel （CORK） by Abscisic Acid

Dear Editor,Abscisic acid （ABA） induces turgot loss and hence stomatal closure by promoting rapid net K^＋ efflux from guard cells （GCs） through outward-rectifying K^＋ （K^＋out） channels （Schroeder et al., 1987; Blatt, 1990）. The mechanisms of ABA signaling in GCs are detailed elsewhere （see Munemasa et al., 2015; Weiner et al., 2010; Pandey et al., 2007）. Briefly, ABA binds to the PYR/ PYL/RCARs, a family of soluble steroidogenic acute regulatory- related lipid transfer （START） proteins, and, in turn, inactivates the downstream PP2C （type 2C protein phosphatase）, leading to the activation of SnRK2.6 （SNF1 [sucrose non-fermenting-1- related protein kinase]/OST1 [open stomata 1]） protein kinases.

TiO_2–PANI/Cork composite: A new floating photocatalyst for the treatment of organic pollutants under sunlight irradiation

A novel photocatalyst based on TiO2-PANI composite supported on small pieces of cork has been reported. It was prepared by simple impregnation method of the polyaniline（PANI）-modified TiO2 on cork. The TiO2-PANI/Cork catalyst shows the unique feature of floating on the water surface. The as-synthesized catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron micrograph（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra（UV-vis DRS） and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET） surface area analysis. Characterization suggested the formation of anatase highly dispersed on the cork surface. The prepared floating photocatalyst showed high efficiency for the degradation of methyl orange dye and other organic pollutants under solar irradiation and constrained conditions, i.e., no-stirring and no-oxygenation. The TiO2-PANI/Cork floating photocatalyst can be reused for at least four consecutive times without significant decrease of the degradation efficiency.

Cork and Sustainability:Discussing the Sustainable Use of the Material from a Design Perspective

There is the challenge to use materials in a more sustainable way.Even though cork has an interesting eco-profile as a material,other aspects contributing to an enhanced sustainable use of the resource are discussed:addressing the life-span of products,materials substitution,and the trend of materials development identified.

复方黄柏液坐浴辅助内口封闭联合负压封闭引流技术治疗高位肛周脓肿的效果

目的:分析复方黄柏液坐浴辅助内口封闭联合负压封闭引流技术治疗高位肛周脓肿的效果。方法:选取2020年4月—2022年11月深圳出入境边防检查总站医院收治的100例高位肛周脓肿患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,各50例。对照组采取内口封闭联合负压封闭引流技术治疗,观察组在对照组基础上实施复方黄柏液坐浴治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.014)。观察组创面疼痛以及创面水肿评分低于对照组,愈合时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗前,两组C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、P物质(SP)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组5-HT、NE、SP水平低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:复方黄柏液坐浴辅助内口封闭联合负压封闭引流技术治疗高位肛周脓肿的效果显著,可促进创面恢复,减轻炎性反应,缓解疼痛。