Quantum Theory and Its Effects on Novel Corona-Virus

Emerging infectious viral diseases are a major threat to humankind on earth, containing emerging and re-emerging pathogenic physiognomies has raised great public health concern. This study aimed at investigating the global prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics of novel Corona-virus, Wuhan China (2019-nCoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona-virus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona-virus (MERS-CoV) infection outbreaks [1]. Currently, novel Corona-virus disease COVID-2019 is already pandemic and causing havoc throughout the world. Scientific community is still struggling to come out with concrete therapeutic measures against this disease and development of its vaccine is far off from sight in the immediate near future. However, humanity will be put to such pressures very often in the near future and given the present circumstances, what we can expect from the scientific world now? I think QIT (Quantum Information Theory) has an answer to this question. One of the very basic mechanisms that every infectious virus follows to infect is the entry of the virus through cell surface receptors, engulfing, un-coating of viral genome and its transcription to form multiple copies and translation to form viral proteins and coating of viral genome to form multiple copies of the viral particles and then of course the cell bursting to infect other cells. This very basic mechanism does not occur randomly but through a regulated and more dynamic process which we may call coding and decoding of information through reduction in error or noise.

Review of immunological responses to porcine coronaviruses and implications on population based control strategies in epidemic and endemic infections

Five major porcine coronaviruses （COVs） have been identifed which cause severe gastrointestinal （GI） and respiratory disease in pigs. They include transmissiblegastroenteritis （TGEV）, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus （PEDV）, porcine deltacoronavirus, porcine respiratory coronavirus, and porcine hemagglutinating encephalo-myelitis. These diseases, especially TGEV and PEDV, have caused epidemics in Europe, Asia, and the Ameri-cas over the past 50 years, causing signifcant economic losses to swine producers. As pigs are a major protein source worldwide there is great interest in understanding, controlling, and preventing these diseases. These disea-ses have no cure, and current vaccines are not fully protective. On-farm prevention and biosecurity are difficult to enforce and have not stopped the spread of these diseases between herds. Recent advances in the immunology of porcine COVs has revealed that the immune response to porcine COVs shares many similarities with the response to human COVs, leading to increased interest in pigs as models for human disease. Highlights of these advances include the key role of local antigen presenting cells in the gastrointestinal tract in stimulating a protective immune response. This understanding has lead to new proposed vaccines. Advances in the understanding of the ways the viruses evade and degrade the host immune system have also lead to novel proposed therapies. Many of these therapies are in the early development stages, as resear-chers attempt to create effcacious, cost-effective, and practical therapies for these diseases.

新型冠状病毒原型株有症状感染者中和抗体水平对奥密克戎亚型BA.1、BA.4和BA.5的保护概率预测

目的预测既往未接种疫苗的新型冠状病毒原型株有症状感染者再次感染奥密克戎变异株后发生不同临床结局的保护概率。方法数据来源于一项系统综述与荟萃分析。此项综述系统检索了PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Europe PMC等数据库,纳入自2020年1月1日至2022年10月2日期间发表或上传的新型冠状病毒原型株有症状感染者体内中和抗体动态变化的研究,并提取文献学信息、研究设计、血清学实验信息和抗体结果。根据所提取的抗体滴度数据的散点分布特征,使用基于高斯分布的广义加性模型,对基于对数转换后的中和抗体滴度值进行拟合,得到新型冠状病毒原型株有症状感染者体内中和抗体随时间动态变化的数据。本研究选取了该综述结果中第28、51、261天自然感染者的抗体滴度用于预测分析。结果既往未接种疫苗的新型冠状病毒原型株有症状感染者体内产生的中和抗体可对其再次感染奥密克戎变异株提供一定的保护,保护概率随时间逐渐减弱。患者在出现症状后第28天的中和抗体水平能提供针对再次感染奥密克戎变异株BA.5的保护概率为30.3%(95%CI:20.0%~45.5%),针对有症状感染的保护概率为51.5%(95%CI:33.4%~75.9%),针对重症感染的保护概率为91.2%(95%CI:77.1%~97.7%)。再次感染奥密克戎BA.1、BA.4和BA.5变异株的保护概率在出现症状后第261天时下降明显,针对三种临床结局的保护概率分别为9.6%~12.9%、18.4%~23.9%和63.1%~70.3%。在同一时间点、针对同一临床结局,BA.1亚型的保护概率最高,BA.4其次,而BA.5最低。结论既往感染新型冠状病毒原型株且未接种疫苗的有症状患者体内诱导产生的中和抗体,对免于再次感染目前全球主导流行的奥密克戎BA.5亚型以及感染后出现症状的保护概率有限,在出现症状第28天时的保护概率为30.3%,第261天时降至10%左右。但对再感染后免于重症的保护概率较高,出现症状第28天时的保护概率超过90%,第261天时仍超过60%。

基于生物信息技术的荆防颗粒治疗冠状病毒感染疾病机制探析

目的采用网络药理学及分子对接等生物信息技术研究荆防颗粒治疗冠状病毒感染性疾病的机制。方法在TCMIP、TCMSP数据库中查询荆防颗粒药材的性味归经及成分,并通过Pub Chem、Swiss Target Prediction数据库得到成分对应的靶点信息;在Gene Cards数据库中收集冠状病毒相关靶点。成分靶点和疾病靶点交集后使用DAVID数据库对共有靶点进行富集分析。利用Cytoscape 3.7.2软件绘制"药材-成分-共有靶点"网络图,筛选荆防颗粒中的主要活性成分与关键靶点进行分子对接验证。结果共获得荆防颗粒活性成分139个,与冠状病毒共同的靶点27个,GO分析和KEGG信号通路发现,荆防颗粒治疗冠状病毒感染性疾病主要涉及癌症信号通路、MAPK信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、TNF信号通路。成功构建了"药材-成分-共有靶点"网络,分子对接结果显示该网络中的关键成分如β-谷甾醇、啤酒甾醇、异鼠李素、橙皮素、木犀草素等与关键靶点VEGFA、IL6、TNF、PPARγ、APP、ACE2及SARS-Co V-23CL水解酶的亲和力较好。结论荆防颗粒通过多味中药配伍发挥治疗冠状病毒感染性疾病的作用,其抗冠状病毒感染机制可能是通过β-谷甾醇、啤酒甾醇、异鼠李素、橙皮素、木犀草素等成分作用于VEGFA、IL6、TNF、PPARγ、APP等靶点,调控癌症信号通路、MAPK信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、TNF信号通路实现。