Objective:To assess the feasibility of coronary angiography by transradial approach with 4F catheter.Methods:The procedural details,picture quality,local complication were recorded for coronary by transradial approach...Objective:To assess the feasibility of coronary angiography by transradial approach with 4F catheter.Methods:The procedural details,picture quality,local complication were recorded for coronary by transradial approach with 4F catheter in 138 patients.Results:The success rate of angiography was 97.7%;fluoroscopy time was(5.05±3.23)minutes,total procedural time was(20.51±3.37)minutes;the incidence of dislodgement,excessive engagement of either coronary artery was 7.8%,9.4%,repectively;the angiographic scores for left anterior descending,circumflex and right coronary arteries were(2.87±0.40),(2.88±0.39),(2.90±0.35),respectively.The spasm complication occurred 4.3% in radial artery and 1.5% in coronary artery.There were no occlusion of radial artery during follow up.Conclusion:4F catheter could be the first chosen in some selecting patients for its nice maneuverability,fine images and fewer vascular complications.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of the transradial approach for primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in patients with acute myocardial infarction（AMI）. Methods： 195 patients with ...Objective： To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of the transradial approach for primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in patients with acute myocardial infarction（AMI）. Methods： 195 patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomly divided into two groups according to the different PCI operation pathways. 105 cases were assigned to the transfemoral artery group and 90 cases to the transradial artery group. We analyzed the data from the two groups, including the achievement ratio of paracentesis, cannulation time, the time from local anesthesia to the first time balloon inflation, the time of the total procedure, achievement ratio of PCI, incidence rate of vascular complications, total duration of hospitalization, and the six-month follow-up results in both groups. Results： Our results showed that the achier ement ratio of arteriopuncture, cannulafion time and the time from local anesthesia to the first time balloon inflation in the transradial and transfemoral groups were 98.9% vs. 100%, 3.15 ± 1.56min vs. 2.86 ± 0.97 min, and 18.56 ± 4.37 min vs. 17.75 ± 3.21 min, respectively. These differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. The total operating time was 29.75 ± 4.38 rain for the transradial group and 27.89 ± 3.95 min（P 〈 0.05） for the transfemoral group. The operation achievement ratio in the transradial group was 96.7%, and 96.2% in the transfemoral group. The incidence of puncture point complications was 2.2% in the transradial group and 11.4% in the transfemoral group, and this difference was significant. The duration of hospitalization was 10.56 ± 2.85 days for the transradial group and 13.78 ± 3.15 days（P 〈 0.05） for the transfemoral group. At the six-month follow-up, the rate of survival without cardiac event was 86.1% vs. 86.4% respectively in the transradial and transfemoral groups（P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： The transradial approach was as effective as the transfemoral approach, and there were fewer puncture point complications as well as a shorter span of hospitalization in the transradial group. PCI via the transradial approach is safe, effective and feasible in patients with AMI.展开更多
Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of transradial approach for primary, emergency percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Methods One hund...Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of transradial approach for primary, emergency percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Methods One hundred and ninety five patients with AMI undergone primary PCI were randomized into two groups using different catheter insertion pathways ： 105 cases by transfemoral approach and 90 cases by transradial approach. We compared data of different operating approaches in terms of success rate of access, cannulation time, the time from local anesthesia to the first balloon inflation, the total procedure time, success rate of PCI, access site complications, total duration of hospitalization, and the clinical outcomes at six-month follow-up. Results The success rate of artery puncture, cannulation time, and the time from local anesthesia to the first balloon inflation in the transradial and transfemoral groups were 98.9 % vs 100 % （P 〉0. 05）, 3.15 ± 1.56 minutes vs 2. 86 ± 0.97 minutes （P 〉0. 05）, and 18.56 ± 4. 37 minutes vs 17.75± 3.21 minutes （P 〉 0. 05 ）, respectively. Although the total procedure time was significantly shorter in the transfemoral group （27.89 ± 3.95 minutes） than in the transradial group （29.75 ±4. 38 minutes） （P 〈0. 05）, the overall PCI success rate was similar between the two groups （96.2 % vs 96. 7 % ）. Use of the transradial approach was associated with fewer access site complications （ 2. 2 % vs 11.4 %, P 〈 0. 05 ） and a shorter length of hospital stay （ 10. 6 days vs 13.8 days, P 〈 0. 05 ）. At six-month follow-up, the cumulative cardiac event-free survival rate was 86. 1% and 86. 4% （P 〉 0. 05 ）, respectively, in the transradial and transfemoral groups. Conclusions Transradial approach achieved similar effectiveness as transfemoral approach in emergency PCI. However, the use of the transradial approach decreased access complications and hospital stay. Primary PCI via transradial approach is safe, effective, and feasible in patients with AMI.展开更多
Objective：To study the feasibility of the left radial approach for coronary angiography. Methods：195 patients diagnosed with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease were randomly divided for coronary angiography（CAG...Objective：To study the feasibility of the left radial approach for coronary angiography. Methods：195 patients diagnosed with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease were randomly divided for coronary angiography（CAG） into a left radial artery approach group（98 cases） and a right radial artery approach group（97 cases） from Jan 2006 to Dec 2006. Selective coronary angiographies were performed with 5F TIG catheters. The time of puncturing, duration under X-ray fluoroscopy and of the operation, successful rates of puncturing and coronary angiography were recorded. Results：There was no difference in the time of puncturing（2.25 ± 1.58 min vs 2.19 ± 1.62 min）, duration under X-ray fluoroscopy（3.12 ± 1.53 min vs 3.21 ± 1.49 min） and the duration of the operation（12.87 ± 2.52 min vs 12.98 ± 2.85 rain）, nor in the success rates of puncturing（95.91% vs 95.87%） and coronary angiography（94.90% vs 94.85%）. Conclusion： Coronary angiography can be accomplished via the left radial artery approach, indicating that this is a worthwhile clinical approach.展开更多
Background Transradial approach catheterization is now widely used in coronary angiography and angioplasty.The ulnar artery,which is one of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery,may be a potential approach ...Background Transradial approach catheterization is now widely used in coronary angiography and angioplasty.The ulnar artery,which is one of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery,may be a potential approach for cardiac catheterization.The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a transulnar approach for coronary catheterization in non-selective patients.Methods A total of 535 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to transulnar approach （TUA） group （n=271） or transradial approach （TRA） group （n=264） upon arrival at the catheterization laboratory.Allen＇s test and inverse Allen＇s test were not routinely performed.Ultrasound-Doppler assessment of the forearm artery was performed before the procedure,two days after the procedure,and 30 days after the procedure.The primary endpoints of study were the rate of successful artery cannulation and the access-site related complications.The secondary endpoints included the number of needle punctures,total time for the procedure,and major adverse cardiac events （MACE）.Results Successful puncture of the objective artery was obtained in 91.5％ of the patients in the TUA group,and 95.1％ of the patients in the TRA group （P ＞0.05）.There was no significant difference in hematoma complications between the two groups （7.7％ vs.4.2％,P=0.100）.A motor abnormality of the hand was observed in one patient in the TUA group.There were no arteriovenous fistula or pseudoaneurysm observed in our study.Three （1.1％） patients in the TUA group and 8 （3.0％） patients in the TRA group had occlusion of the access artery （P=0.137）,but none of the patients had symptoms or signs of hand ischemia.There were no significant differences in MACE between the two groups during follow-up.Conclusion The transulnar approach is an effective and safe technique for coronary catheterization in non-selective patients.展开更多
Background:Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through transradial approach (TRA) has shown to be safe and effective as transfemoral approach (TFA) among unselected patients.However,very few studies have compared...Background:Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through transradial approach (TRA) has shown to be safe and effective as transfemoral approach (TFA) among unselected patients.However,very few studies have compared the outcomes between TRA and TFA specifically in patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG).Methods:A total of 404 post-CABG patients who had undergone angiography or PCI were included in the study.The primary endpoint was defined as angiographic success and procedure success.The secondary endpoint was defined as in-hospital net adverse clinical events (NACEs),which included all cause of death,myocardial infarction (MI),stroke,repeat revascularization,and major bleeding.Patients were followed-up for 1-year.Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs),which included death,MI,and repeat revascularization,at 1-year follow-up were also compared.Results:The angiographic success was reached by 97.4％ in the TRA group compared with 100％ in the TFA group (P =0.02).The procedure success was achieved in 99.1％ in the TRA group and 97.9％ in the TFA group (P =0.68).The incidence rates of in-hospital NACE (2.7％ vs.2.7％,P =1.00) and 1-year MACE (11.5％ vs.12.0％,P =0.88) were similar between TRA and TFA.Meanwhile,TRA was associated with a lower rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥2 bleeding (P =0.02).In patients undergoing graft PCI,the procedure success was similar between TRA and TFA (100.0％ vs.98.7％,P =1.00).The procedure time (25.0 min vs.27.5 min,P =0.53) was also similar.No significant difference was detected between TRA and TFA in terms of in-hospital NACE (0 vs.0,P =1.00)and 1-year MACE (21.4％ vs.10.3％,P =0.19).Conclusions:Compared with TFA,TRA had lower angiographic success but had a similar procedure success in post-CABG patients.TRA was also associated with decreased bleeding and shortened hospital stay.展开更多
Background Large percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） centers have shown statistically better prognosis with transradial approach （TRA） compared with transfemoral approach （TFA）. So we tried to compare the o...Background Large percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） centers have shown statistically better prognosis with transradial approach （TRA） compared with transfemoral approach （TFA）. So we tried to compare the outcomes between TRA and TFA in one high volume PCI center in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） patients undergoing primary PCI. Method Six hundred and sixty two STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI with stents implantation were retrospectively included from June 1, 2006 to April 30, 2011 in our hospital and prospectively followed for one year. The primary endpoint was defined as in-hospital net adverse clinical events （NACE） which included death, myocardial infarction （MI）, stroke, target vessel revascularization （TVR） and major bleeding. The secondary endpoint was defined as 1 year major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） which included death, MI and TVR. Results The occurrence rates of NACE （8.0% vs. 17.0%, P = 0.0018）, access site complications （4.0% vs. 10.7% P = 0.0027） and access site-related major bleeding （2.4% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.0254） were all higher in the TFA group than in the TRA group. The incidence rate of 1 year MACE was similar between TRA and TFA （8.5% vs. 13.2%, P = 0.0932）. The inverse probabilities weighting matched multivariable Cox regression analysis showed TRA was an independent predictor of lower rates of in-hospital NACE （HR： 0.58, 95% CI： 0.34-0.99, P = 0.0477）, in-hospital death （HR： 0.31, 95% CI： 0.10-0.73, P = 0.0499） and access site complications （HR： 0.37, 95% CI： 0.19-0.73, P = 0.0040）. Conclusions TRA showed great efficacy and safety for STEMI patients undergoing primar-y PCI in high volume PCI centers. It should be recommended as routine practice in future, and especially in those patients with high risk of bleeding.展开更多
Background The radial approach has been increasingly used as an alternative to femoral access.And more procedures using repeated transradial coronary intervention （r-TRI） are performed.However,few data about r-TRI h...Background The radial approach has been increasingly used as an alternative to femoral access.And more procedures using repeated transradial coronary intervention （r-TRI） are performed.However,few data about r-TRI has been obtained.Therefore,we investigated the safety and feasibility of r-TRI using the same route.Methods A total of 423 consecutive eligible patients undergoing r-TRI were enrolled in the r-TRI group,and 846 patients with initial TRI （i-TRI） were assigned to the i-TRI group in a 2：1 matching ratio compared to r-TRI group.The primary endpoint included the success rate of the procedure and the incidence of vascular related complications.Results The baseline clinical characteristics in the two groups were comparable.The success rate of procedures in the r-TRI and i-TRI was similar （96.0% vs.97.5%,P=0.130）.In subgroup analysis （coronary angiography only or angiography with pecutaneous coronary intervention）,similar results were also observed.The puncture numbers and incidence of radial artery spasm in the r-TRI group were significantly higher than in the i-TRI group （P=-0.024 and P 〈0.001,respectively）.The other procedural outcomes in the two groups were identical.With respect to the incidence of overall vascular related complication and independent events,there were no significant differences in spite of a higher incidence of radial artery occlusion （RAO）in the r-TRI group （RAO：1.2% vs.0.7%,P=-0.521）.The patients in the i-TRI group had more comfortable feeling than patients in the r-TRI group （P=-0.001）.Conclusions R-TRI produces a comparable procedure success rate and incidence of vascular complication when compared to i-TRI.It should be considered as an acceptable and safe procedure.展开更多
文摘Objective:To assess the feasibility of coronary angiography by transradial approach with 4F catheter.Methods:The procedural details,picture quality,local complication were recorded for coronary by transradial approach with 4F catheter in 138 patients.Results:The success rate of angiography was 97.7%;fluoroscopy time was(5.05±3.23)minutes,total procedural time was(20.51±3.37)minutes;the incidence of dislodgement,excessive engagement of either coronary artery was 7.8%,9.4%,repectively;the angiographic scores for left anterior descending,circumflex and right coronary arteries were(2.87±0.40),(2.88±0.39),(2.90±0.35),respectively.The spasm complication occurred 4.3% in radial artery and 1.5% in coronary artery.There were no occlusion of radial artery during follow up.Conclusion:4F catheter could be the first chosen in some selecting patients for its nice maneuverability,fine images and fewer vascular complications.
基金support from the Editorial Department of the Journal of Nanjing Medical Univrsity
文摘Objective： To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of the transradial approach for primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in patients with acute myocardial infarction（AMI）. Methods： 195 patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomly divided into two groups according to the different PCI operation pathways. 105 cases were assigned to the transfemoral artery group and 90 cases to the transradial artery group. We analyzed the data from the two groups, including the achievement ratio of paracentesis, cannulation time, the time from local anesthesia to the first time balloon inflation, the time of the total procedure, achievement ratio of PCI, incidence rate of vascular complications, total duration of hospitalization, and the six-month follow-up results in both groups. Results： Our results showed that the achier ement ratio of arteriopuncture, cannulafion time and the time from local anesthesia to the first time balloon inflation in the transradial and transfemoral groups were 98.9% vs. 100%, 3.15 ± 1.56min vs. 2.86 ± 0.97 min, and 18.56 ± 4.37 min vs. 17.75 ± 3.21 min, respectively. These differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. The total operating time was 29.75 ± 4.38 rain for the transradial group and 27.89 ± 3.95 min（P 〈 0.05） for the transfemoral group. The operation achievement ratio in the transradial group was 96.7%, and 96.2% in the transfemoral group. The incidence of puncture point complications was 2.2% in the transradial group and 11.4% in the transfemoral group, and this difference was significant. The duration of hospitalization was 10.56 ± 2.85 days for the transradial group and 13.78 ± 3.15 days（P 〈 0.05） for the transfemoral group. At the six-month follow-up, the rate of survival without cardiac event was 86.1% vs. 86.4% respectively in the transradial and transfemoral groups（P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： The transradial approach was as effective as the transfemoral approach, and there were fewer puncture point complications as well as a shorter span of hospitalization in the transradial group. PCI via the transradial approach is safe, effective and feasible in patients with AMI.
文摘Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of transradial approach for primary, emergency percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Methods One hundred and ninety five patients with AMI undergone primary PCI were randomized into two groups using different catheter insertion pathways ： 105 cases by transfemoral approach and 90 cases by transradial approach. We compared data of different operating approaches in terms of success rate of access, cannulation time, the time from local anesthesia to the first balloon inflation, the total procedure time, success rate of PCI, access site complications, total duration of hospitalization, and the clinical outcomes at six-month follow-up. Results The success rate of artery puncture, cannulation time, and the time from local anesthesia to the first balloon inflation in the transradial and transfemoral groups were 98.9 % vs 100 % （P 〉0. 05）, 3.15 ± 1.56 minutes vs 2. 86 ± 0.97 minutes （P 〉0. 05）, and 18.56 ± 4. 37 minutes vs 17.75± 3.21 minutes （P 〉 0. 05 ）, respectively. Although the total procedure time was significantly shorter in the transfemoral group （27.89 ± 3.95 minutes） than in the transradial group （29.75 ±4. 38 minutes） （P 〈0. 05）, the overall PCI success rate was similar between the two groups （96.2 % vs 96. 7 % ）. Use of the transradial approach was associated with fewer access site complications （ 2. 2 % vs 11.4 %, P 〈 0. 05 ） and a shorter length of hospital stay （ 10. 6 days vs 13.8 days, P 〈 0. 05 ）. At six-month follow-up, the cumulative cardiac event-free survival rate was 86. 1% and 86. 4% （P 〉 0. 05 ）, respectively, in the transradial and transfemoral groups. Conclusions Transradial approach achieved similar effectiveness as transfemoral approach in emergency PCI. However, the use of the transradial approach decreased access complications and hospital stay. Primary PCI via transradial approach is safe, effective, and feasible in patients with AMI.
文摘Objective：To study the feasibility of the left radial approach for coronary angiography. Methods：195 patients diagnosed with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease were randomly divided for coronary angiography（CAG） into a left radial artery approach group（98 cases） and a right radial artery approach group（97 cases） from Jan 2006 to Dec 2006. Selective coronary angiographies were performed with 5F TIG catheters. The time of puncturing, duration under X-ray fluoroscopy and of the operation, successful rates of puncturing and coronary angiography were recorded. Results：There was no difference in the time of puncturing（2.25 ± 1.58 min vs 2.19 ± 1.62 min）, duration under X-ray fluoroscopy（3.12 ± 1.53 min vs 3.21 ± 1.49 min） and the duration of the operation（12.87 ± 2.52 min vs 12.98 ± 2.85 rain）, nor in the success rates of puncturing（95.91% vs 95.87%） and coronary angiography（94.90% vs 94.85%）. Conclusion： Coronary angiography can be accomplished via the left radial artery approach, indicating that this is a worthwhile clinical approach.
文摘Background Transradial approach catheterization is now widely used in coronary angiography and angioplasty.The ulnar artery,which is one of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery,may be a potential approach for cardiac catheterization.The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a transulnar approach for coronary catheterization in non-selective patients.Methods A total of 535 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to transulnar approach （TUA） group （n=271） or transradial approach （TRA） group （n=264） upon arrival at the catheterization laboratory.Allen＇s test and inverse Allen＇s test were not routinely performed.Ultrasound-Doppler assessment of the forearm artery was performed before the procedure,two days after the procedure,and 30 days after the procedure.The primary endpoints of study were the rate of successful artery cannulation and the access-site related complications.The secondary endpoints included the number of needle punctures,total time for the procedure,and major adverse cardiac events （MACE）.Results Successful puncture of the objective artery was obtained in 91.5％ of the patients in the TUA group,and 95.1％ of the patients in the TRA group （P ＞0.05）.There was no significant difference in hematoma complications between the two groups （7.7％ vs.4.2％,P=0.100）.A motor abnormality of the hand was observed in one patient in the TUA group.There were no arteriovenous fistula or pseudoaneurysm observed in our study.Three （1.1％） patients in the TUA group and 8 （3.0％） patients in the TRA group had occlusion of the access artery （P=0.137）,but none of the patients had symptoms or signs of hand ischemia.There were no significant differences in MACE between the two groups during follow-up.Conclusion The transulnar approach is an effective and safe technique for coronary catheterization in non-selective patients.
文摘Background:Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through transradial approach (TRA) has shown to be safe and effective as transfemoral approach (TFA) among unselected patients.However,very few studies have compared the outcomes between TRA and TFA specifically in patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG).Methods:A total of 404 post-CABG patients who had undergone angiography or PCI were included in the study.The primary endpoint was defined as angiographic success and procedure success.The secondary endpoint was defined as in-hospital net adverse clinical events (NACEs),which included all cause of death,myocardial infarction (MI),stroke,repeat revascularization,and major bleeding.Patients were followed-up for 1-year.Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs),which included death,MI,and repeat revascularization,at 1-year follow-up were also compared.Results:The angiographic success was reached by 97.4％ in the TRA group compared with 100％ in the TFA group (P =0.02).The procedure success was achieved in 99.1％ in the TRA group and 97.9％ in the TFA group (P =0.68).The incidence rates of in-hospital NACE (2.7％ vs.2.7％,P =1.00) and 1-year MACE (11.5％ vs.12.0％,P =0.88) were similar between TRA and TFA.Meanwhile,TRA was associated with a lower rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥2 bleeding (P =0.02).In patients undergoing graft PCI,the procedure success was similar between TRA and TFA (100.0％ vs.98.7％,P =1.00).The procedure time (25.0 min vs.27.5 min,P =0.53) was also similar.No significant difference was detected between TRA and TFA in terms of in-hospital NACE (0 vs.0,P =1.00)and 1-year MACE (21.4％ vs.10.3％,P =0.19).Conclusions:Compared with TFA,TRA had lower angiographic success but had a similar procedure success in post-CABG patients.TRA was also associated with decreased bleeding and shortened hospital stay.
基金supported by 2014 Special fund for scientific research in the public interest by the Ministry of Health(No.201402001)
文摘Background Large percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） centers have shown statistically better prognosis with transradial approach （TRA） compared with transfemoral approach （TFA）. So we tried to compare the outcomes between TRA and TFA in one high volume PCI center in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） patients undergoing primary PCI. Method Six hundred and sixty two STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI with stents implantation were retrospectively included from June 1, 2006 to April 30, 2011 in our hospital and prospectively followed for one year. The primary endpoint was defined as in-hospital net adverse clinical events （NACE） which included death, myocardial infarction （MI）, stroke, target vessel revascularization （TVR） and major bleeding. The secondary endpoint was defined as 1 year major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） which included death, MI and TVR. Results The occurrence rates of NACE （8.0% vs. 17.0%, P = 0.0018）, access site complications （4.0% vs. 10.7% P = 0.0027） and access site-related major bleeding （2.4% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.0254） were all higher in the TFA group than in the TRA group. The incidence rate of 1 year MACE was similar between TRA and TFA （8.5% vs. 13.2%, P = 0.0932）. The inverse probabilities weighting matched multivariable Cox regression analysis showed TRA was an independent predictor of lower rates of in-hospital NACE （HR： 0.58, 95% CI： 0.34-0.99, P = 0.0477）, in-hospital death （HR： 0.31, 95% CI： 0.10-0.73, P = 0.0499） and access site complications （HR： 0.37, 95% CI： 0.19-0.73, P = 0.0040）. Conclusions TRA showed great efficacy and safety for STEMI patients undergoing primar-y PCI in high volume PCI centers. It should be recommended as routine practice in future, and especially in those patients with high risk of bleeding.
文摘Background The radial approach has been increasingly used as an alternative to femoral access.And more procedures using repeated transradial coronary intervention （r-TRI） are performed.However,few data about r-TRI has been obtained.Therefore,we investigated the safety and feasibility of r-TRI using the same route.Methods A total of 423 consecutive eligible patients undergoing r-TRI were enrolled in the r-TRI group,and 846 patients with initial TRI （i-TRI） were assigned to the i-TRI group in a 2：1 matching ratio compared to r-TRI group.The primary endpoint included the success rate of the procedure and the incidence of vascular related complications.Results The baseline clinical characteristics in the two groups were comparable.The success rate of procedures in the r-TRI and i-TRI was similar （96.0% vs.97.5%,P=0.130）.In subgroup analysis （coronary angiography only or angiography with pecutaneous coronary intervention）,similar results were also observed.The puncture numbers and incidence of radial artery spasm in the r-TRI group were significantly higher than in the i-TRI group （P=-0.024 and P 〈0.001,respectively）.The other procedural outcomes in the two groups were identical.With respect to the incidence of overall vascular related complication and independent events,there were no significant differences in spite of a higher incidence of radial artery occlusion （RAO）in the r-TRI group （RAO：1.2% vs.0.7%,P=-0.521）.The patients in the i-TRI group had more comfortable feeling than patients in the r-TRI group （P=-0.001）.Conclusions R-TRI produces a comparable procedure success rate and incidence of vascular complication when compared to i-TRI.It should be considered as an acceptable and safe procedure.
