Correlation between intracoronary thrombus components and coronary blood flow after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction at different onset time

BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is a leading cause of mortality.Early reperfusion to restore blood flow is crucial to successful treatment.In the current reperfusion regimen,an increasing number of patients have benefited from direct percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).In order to understand whether there is a correlation between the components of coronary thrombosis and the absence of reflow or slow blood flow after coronary stent implantation in direct PCI,we collected data on direct PCI cases in our hospital between January 2016 and November 2018.AIM To investigate the correlation between intracoronary thrombus components and coronary blood flow after stent implantation in direct PCI in AMI.METHODS We enrolled 154 patients(85 male and 69 female,aged 36–81 years)with direct PCI who underwent thrombus catheter aspiration within<3,3–6 or 6–12 h of onset of AMI between January 2016 and November 2018.The thrombus was removed for pathological examination under a microscope.The patients of the three groups according to the onset time of AMI were further divided into those with a white or red thrombus.The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)blood flow after stent implantation was recorded based on digital subtraction angiography during PCI.The number of patients with no-reflow and slow blood flow in each group was counted.Statistical analysis was performed based on data such as onset time,TIMI blood flow.RESULTS There were significant differences in thrombus components between the patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(P<0.01).In the group with PCI<3 h after onset of AMI,there was no significant difference in the incidence of no-reflow and slow-flow between the white and red thrombus groups.In the groups with PCI 3-6 and 6-12 h after onset of AMI,there was a significant difference in the incidence of no-reflow and slow-flow between the white and red thrombus groups(P<0.01).There was a significant correlation between the onset time of AMI and the occurrences of no-reflow and slow blood flow during PCI(P<0.01).CONCLUSION In direct PCI,the onset time of AMI and color of coronary thrombus are often used to predict whether there will be no reflow or slow blood flow after stent implantation.

PET tracers and techniques for measuring myocardial blood flow in patients with coronary artery disease

Assessment of the relative distribution of myocardial flow with myocardial perfusion imaging （MPI） is meth- odologically limited to predict the presence or absence of flow-limited coronary artery disease （CAD）. This limi- tation may often occur, when obstructive lesions involve multiple epicardial coronary arteries or disease-related disturbances of the coronary circulation coexist at the microvascular level. Non-invasive assessment of myocar- dial blood flow in absolute units with position emission tomography （PET） has been positioned as the solution to improve CAD diagnosis and prediction of patient outcomes associated with risks for cardiac events. This article reviews technical and clinical aspects of myocardial blood flow quantitation with PET and discusses the practical consideration of this approach toward worldwide clinical utilization.

Effects of different doses of ticagrelor on coronary blood flow, inflammatory response and myocardial enzyme spectrum in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective:To investigate the effects of different doses of ticagrelor on coronary blood flow, inflammatory response and myocardial enzyme spectrum in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods: A total of 180 patients with acute myocardial infarction who were treated in our hospital between December 2015 and March 2017 were reviewed and divided into the routine dose group (n=87) who accepted routine dose of ticagrelor therapy and loading dose group (n=93) who accepted loading dose of ticagrelor therapy. The differences in coronary blood flow, inflammatory response and myocardial enzyme spectrum were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results: Immediately after admission, there was no statistically significant difference in the coronary blood flow levels, inflammatory response and myocardial enzyme spectrum contents between the two groups. At 24 h after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the coronary blood flow parameters SPV, DPV and CFVR levels in loading dose group were higher than those in routine dose group;serum inflammatory factors PCT, IL-6 and CRP contents were lower than those of routine dosage group;myocardial enzyme spectrum indexes cTnⅠ, LDH, HBDH and MB contents were lower than those of routine dose group.Conclusion: Loading dose of ticagrelor therapy before PCI can effectively optimize the coronary blood flow after PCI, reduce the systemic inflammatory response and protect the myocardial function in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE,CORONARY FLOW RESERVE IS SIMILARLY IMPAIRED

Coronary blood flow reserve (CFR) was assessed by transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in normal subjects (group A. n=20),hypertensive non-left ventricular hypertrophy (non-LVH)Patients (group B,n=22). hypertensive patients with LVH(group C.n=32)and coronary heart disease patients (group D. n=33) with the volume sample placed at the bifurcation of the left main and left main and left descending coronary artery. Coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV)was evaluated at rest.2 minutes after dipyridamole (0. 56mg/kg. i. v.) . and 2 minutes after aminophylline i.v. The ratio of dipyridamole to rest maximal diastolic velocity (D/R PDV) was considered the index of coronary blood flow reserve.It was found that D/R PDV was significantly less in groups C and D compared with that in groups A and B (D PDC,1.84±0. 57. 1. 57±0. 41 versus 2.59±0.70 and 2.22+0.58,respectively),with no difference in D/R PDV between groups C and D.Twenty-four out of 32 patients in group C with D/R PDV were less than 2.0 compared to 29 out of 33 patients in group D (P>0.05).Significant negative correlation was found between D/R PDV. D/R PSV and interseptal thickness. left ventricular mass index in hypertensive patients.These data show that impaired CFR in hypertensive patients with LVH is comparable to that in patients with coronary heart disease.

Effect of Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pills(麝香通心滴丸) on the Immediate Blood Flow of Patients with Coronary Slow Flow

Objective: To observe the immediate effect and safety of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills(麝香通心滴丸, STDP) on patients with coronary slow flow(CSF), and furthermore, to explore new evidence for the use of Chinese medicine in treating ischemic chest pain. Methods: Coronary angiography(CAG) with corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI) frame count(CTFC) was applied(collected at 30 frames/s). The treatment group included 22 CSF patients, while the control group included 22 individuals with normal coronary?ow. CSF patients were given 4 STDP through sublingual administration, and CAG was performed 5 min after the medication. The immediate blood ?ow frame count, blood pressure, and heart rate of patients before and after the use of STDP were compared. The liver and kidney functions of patients were examined before and after treatments. Results: There was a signi?cant difference in CTFC between groups(P<0.05). The average CTFC values of the vessels with slow blood ?ow in CSF patients were, respectively, 49.98±10.01 and 40.42±11.33 before and after the treatment with STDP, a 19.13% improvement. The CTFC values(frame/s) measured before and after treatment at the left anterior descending coronary artery, left circumflex artery, and right coronary artery were, respectively, 48.00±13.32 and 41.80±15.38, 59.00±4.69 and 50.00±9.04, and 51.90±8.40 and40.09±10.46, giving 12.92%, 15.25%, and 22.76% improvements, respectively. The CTFC values of vessels with slow ?ow before treatment were signi?cantly decreased after treatment(P<0.05). There were no apparent changes in the heart rate, blood pressure, or liver or kidney function of CSF patients after treatment with STDP(all P>0.05). Conclusions: The immediate effect of STDP in treating CSF patients was apparent. This medication could signi?cantly improve coronary ?ow without affecting blood pressure or heart rate. Our ?ndings support the potential of Chinese medicine to treat ischemic chest pain.

Impact of uncontrolled blood pressure on diagnostic accuracy of coronary flow reserve for detecting significant coronary stenosis in hypertensive patients

Background Impaired coronary flow reserve （CFR） in patients with hypertension may be caused by epicardial coronary stenosis or microvascular dysfunction. Antihypertensive treatment has been shown to improve coronary microvascular dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of uncontrolled blood pressure （BP） on diagnostic accuracy of CFR for detecting significant coronary stenosis. Methods A total of 98 hypertensive patients scheduled for coronary angiography （CAG） due to chest pain were studied. Of them, 45 patients had uncontrolled BP （defined as the office BP 〉140/90 mmHg （1 mmHg=0.133 kPa） in general hypertensive patients, or ≥130/80 mmHg in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus）, and the remaining 53 patients had well-controlled BP. CFR was measured in the left anterior descending coronary artery （LAD） during adenosine triphosphate-induced hyperemia by non-invasive transthoracic Doppler echocardiography （TTDE） within 48 hours prior to CAG. Significant LAD stenosis was defined as 〉70% luminal narrowing. Diagnostic accuracy of CFR for detecting significant coronary stenosis was analyzed with a receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results CFR was significantly lower in patients with uncontrolled BP than in those with well-controlled BP （2.1±0.6 vs. 2.6±0.9, P〈0.01）. Multivariate linear regression analysis of the study showed that the value of CFR was independently associated with the angiographically determined degree of LAD stenosis （β= -0.445, P 〈0.0001） and the presence of uncontrolled BP （β= -0.272, P=0.014）. With a receiver operating characteristic analysis, CFR 〈2.2 was the optimal cut-off value for detecting LAD stenosis in all hypertensive patients （AUC 0.83, 95% CI 0.75-0.91） with a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 78%, and an accuracy of 77%. A significant reduction of diagnostic specificity was observed in patients with uncontrolled BP compared with those with well-controlled BP （67% vs. 93%, P=0.031）. Conclusions CFR measurement by TTDE is valuable in the diagnosis of significant coronary stenosis in hypertensive patients. However, the diagnostic specificity is reduced in patients with uncontrolled BP.

Sodium nitroprusside injection immediately before balloon inflation during percutaneous coronary intervention

BACKGROUND No reflow or slow flow frequently occurs during percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)and it is associated with adverse outcomes.Strategies should be undertaken to prevent its occurrence.AIM To observe whether conventional target intracoronary administration of sodium nitroprusside immediately before balloon inflation can reduce the incidence of no reflow and slow flow,which are defined as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade≤II during PCI.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in 740 patients with coronary artery disease admitted to Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2016 and October 2020.Among them,360 patients receiving sodium nitroprusside immediately before balloon inflation during PCI were enrolled in an experimental group between January 2019 and October 2020 and 380 patients receiving sodium nitroprusside after incident no reflow and slow flow during PCI were enrolled in a control group between January 2016 and January 2019.The occurrence of no reflow and slow flow was compared between the two groups and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were detected 1 mo after the operation.RESULTS After treatment,the proportion of patients with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grades 0 to II was lower in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05).At 1 mo after treatment,LVEDD was lower and LVEF was higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05).In terms of incidence of adverse cardiovascular events within 1 mo after treatment,in the experimental group,malignant arrhythmia occurred in three patients,intractable myocardial ischemia in three,congestive heart failure in four,and recurrent myocardial infarction in five;one patient died.In the control group,malignant arrhythmia occurred in eight patients,intractable myocardial ischemia in five,congestive heart failure in seven,and recurrent myocardial infarction in 14;two patients died.The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events was 4.4%in experimental group which was lower than that of the control group at 1 mo after operation(9.5%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Administration of sodium nitroprusside into target vessels immediately before balloon inflation can significantly reduce the incidence of no reflow and slow flow,improve LVEDD and LVEF,and reduce the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in patients treated by PCI.It is worthy of clinical promotion.

Interventional treatment of the left subclavian in 2 patients with coronary steal syndrome

In patients with history of coronary artery disease angina pectoris is usually attributed to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. However,in patients with previous coronary artery bypass graft operation(CABG) using internal mammary artery grafts,great vessel disease should also be considered. Herein we present two patients with history of CABG whose symptoms were suspicious for coronary ischemia. During cardiac catheterization reverse blood flow was observed from the left artery disease to the left internal mammary artery(LIMA) graft in both cases. After angioplasty and stent implantation of the left subclavian artery antegrade flow was restored in the LIMA grafts and both patients had complete resolution of symptoms.

Predictive Study of Velocimetry in the Coronary Artery after Iodinated Contrast Agent Injection

This study aims to determine the retention time of iodinated contrast agents (ICA) in the coronary artery. The mechanical aspect of ICA displacement was studied in order to better understand the effect of these products on the inner wall of the artery of patients with coronary artery stenosis, undergoing repeated imaging examinations with iodinated contrast agents. ICA flow, ICA and blood flow in the artery were modelled. The fluid was regarded to be viscous, incompressible and Newtonian. Blood flow was presumed to be unidirectional, laminar and unstationary. Iodine flow velocity and retention time were calculated using the Runge-Kutta 4th order method programmed in C++ and MatLab R2013a language. The results showed that for coronary artery CT-scans, ICA retention time is 1 minute 40 seconds and for coronary arteriography it is between 2.41 and 3.61 seconds. The values calculated were compared to theoretical values and to clinical observations. The results enabled us to validate our model.

Comparison between Diastolic Subendocardial Tissue Pressures Measured Directly or Calculated from Pressure-Flow Relations

Changes in intramyocardial tissue pressure modulate the relationship between coronary pressure and flow during the cardiac cycle. The present study compared the relation between measured and calculated diastolic subendocardial tissue pressure and coronary pressure at zero flow in anesthetized dogs after modulation of either coronary sinus (i.e. Fogarty catheter) or left ventricular intracavity (i.e. volume loading) pressure. Experiments were conducted in anesthetized, instrumented dogs;coronary pressure flow relations were constructed during pharmacologic vasodilatation and intramyocardial tissue pressure was measured using micromanometer pressure sensors. Elevated coronary sinus pressures did not affect subendocardial pressure-flow relations signifying that diastolic tissue pressure within this layer is the effective coronary back pressure. Higher left ventricular intracavity pressure did not affect either diastolic subendocardial tissue pressure or pressure flow relations within this layer. Results show a direct linear relation (y = 1.106x - 0.652;r2 = 0.59. P = 0.001) between measured and calculated diastolic subendocardial tissue pressure and coronary pressure at zero-flow over a wide range of pressures after either LV systemic or coronary sinus pressure modulation. Knowledge of back pressure in the subendocardium is useful for the evaluation of efficacy of cardiac interventions on myocardial perfusion particularly at the level of the microcirculation.

Impact of blood pressure control on coronary flow reserve in hypertensive patients

Objective To investigate the impacts of blood pressure control on coronary flow reserve(CFR)in hypertensive patients.Methods A total of 236 patients without significant coronary stenosis(defined as<50%luminal narrowing confirmed by coronary angiography or coronary artery CT scan)between January 2011 and July 2015were retrospectively enrolled in this study.CFR

冠状动脉树重建扩大到较小动脉提高FFRCT准确性的研究

目的本研究旨在通过在计算流体动力学(CFD)领域扩展冠脉树来提高基于冠状动脉CT血管成像(coronary CT angiography,CCTA)的血流储备分数(FFR)的准确性。进行了一项观察性研究,以评估将冠状动脉树分析从最小直径1.2mm扩展到0.8 mm的效果。方法对接受CCTA和介入性FFR治疗的患者进行回顾性研究。76名患者符合纳入标准。重建三维冠状动脉树,生成具有不同管腔直径下限(1.2 mm和0.8 mm)的有限元网格。根据Murray定律定义了出口边界条件。应用NKS方法求解CFD控制方程,得到FFRCT。结果在个体患者水平上,将冠状动脉树的最小直径从1.2mm扩大到0.8mm,FFRCT的灵敏度提高了16.7%(P=0.022),这导致四个假阴性病例转变为真阳性病例。ROC曲线的AUC值由0.74增至0.83。此外,NKS方法可以解决在2160个处理器核的情况下,在10.5分钟内将冠状动脉树扩展到0.8 mm管腔直径的计算问题。结论将重建的冠脉扩大到较小的管腔直径可以显著提高FFRCT的敏感性,NKS方法可以为未来的临床应用提供良好的计算时间。

腺苷负荷与ATP负荷评估冠状动脉微血管疾病中的不良反应分析

背景 冠状动脉微血管疾病(CMVD)的诊疗一直是非冠状动脉阻塞性缺血性心脏病的重点。腺苷注射液和ATP注射液是目前测定冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)评估CMVD的临床常用负荷药物,两者有所关联,但具有显著区别。ATP是腺苷的前体,其价格低廉且血管扩张机制与腺苷类似,临床上常代替腺苷,但忽视了其潜在的不良反应。目的 比较腺苷负荷与ATP负荷在评估CMVD过程中的不良反应发生率。方法 选取2019年6月—2020年7月因典型心绞痛就诊于陕西省人民医院心内科行冠状动脉造影术/冠状动脉CT血管造影术(CTA)明确各支冠状动脉残余狭窄直径<50%的患者170例,依据随机数字表法分为腺苷组和ATP组,腺苷组88例,ATP组82例。腺苷组给予腺苷注射液负荷测定CFR,ATP组采用ATP负荷测定CFR,检测过程中记录患者的血压、心率、扫描时间及不良反应发生情况。结果 与腺苷组相比,ATP组患者胸闷[61.0%(50/82)和20.4%(18/88)]、头晕[72.0%(59/82)和31.8%(28/88)]、头痛[68.3%(56/82)和11.4%(10/88)]、胃肠道不适[13.4%(11/82)和4.5%(4/88)]、心悸[69.5%(57/82)和5.7%(5/88)]、气促[40.2%(33/82)和2.3%(2/88)]、大汗[28.0%(23/82)和3.4%(3/88)]、潮热[19.5%(16/82)和2.3%(2/88)]、颜面潮红[13.4%(11/82)和4.5%(4/88)]的发生率均较高(P<0.05);两组患者神经过敏、耳鸣、咽干、颈部不适的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 与ATP负荷相比,腺苷负荷测定CFR的不良反应发生率更低。

糖调节受损与ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术中慢血流或无复流的关系

目的 探讨糖调节受损(IGR)与ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中慢血流或无复流(SF/NRF)的关系。方法 回顾性收集本院2021年10月—2022年10月收治的80例有SF/NRF的STEMI患者及84例无SF/NRF的STEMI患者的临床资料,包括空腹血糖、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)、纤维蛋白原、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、D-二聚体、尿酸、同型半胱氨酸、中性粒细胞绝对值与淋巴细胞绝对值比值(NLR)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)以及餐后2 h血糖水平。采用Logistic回归模型分析影响STEMI患者PCI术中SF/NRF发生的影响因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平对STEMI患者PCI术中SF/NRF的诊断价值。结果 与非SF/NRF组相比,SF/NRF组cTnⅠ、纤维蛋白原、HDL-C水平升高,收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、NLR水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与非SF/NRF组相比,SF/NRF组支架直径、支架长度、胸痛至导管室时间更长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SF/NRF组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平高于非SF/NRF组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平是STEMI患者PCI术中SF/NRF发生的影响因素,且二者联合诊断STEMI患者PCI术中SF/NRF的曲线下面积(AUC)高于空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平单独诊断的AUC(Z=3.272、4.369,P均<0.001)。结论 IGR与STEMI患者PCI术中SF/NRF有关,空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平是STEMI患者SF/NRF发生的影响因素。

冠状动脉慢血流患者发生主要不良心血管事件的影响因素分析

目的分析冠状动脉慢血流患者(CSFP)随访期间发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的影响因素。方法采用回顾性观察性研究设计,纳入安庆市立医院2019年1月至2023年1月因胸痛入院行冠状动脉造影首次诊断CSFP患者249例,通过医护人员定期对入组患者门诊随访信息收集、患者或家属进行电话随访,前瞻性随访所有符合纳入标准患者MACE发生情况(包括因胸痛再住院、非致死性心肌梗死及心源性死亡),随访截止日期2023年9月。使用单因素及多因素Cox回归分析发生MACE的影响因素。结果平均随访24.2月,共有50例(20.1%)患者发生MACE,其中46例(18.5%)因胸闷胸痛再住院,4例(1.6%)发生非致死性心肌梗死。单因素及多因素Cox回归均提示,糖尿病、平均校正TIMI血流帧数(mcTFC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平与CSFP患者随访期间发生MACE相关,缺失数据多重填补后分析及完整数据分析结论一致,将mcTFC及LDL-C行分类变量转换后,Kaplan-Meier分析CSFP患者不同组组间MACE发生率有统计学差异,Log-rankP均<0.05。结论糖尿病、mcTFC、LDL-C对CSFP患者随访期间发生MACE有一定预测价值。

定量血流分数对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉临界病变功能性狭窄的诊断价值

目的:定量血流分数(QFR)是一项基于冠状动脉造影的无导丝功能学检查。本研究以血流储备分数(FFR)为参考标准,验证QFR对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者冠状动脉临界病变(冠状动脉狭窄程度40%~70%)功能性狭窄的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2018年6月1日至2023年2月1日就诊于阜外华中心血管病医院并行冠状动脉FFR检查的168例NSTE-ACS患者。通过第二代QFR检测仪(AngioPlus,上海搏动医学影像技术有限公司)离线分析目标血管的QFR,并记录病变血管的解剖学参数,包括最小管腔直径(MLD)、直径狭窄百分比(DS%)、最小管腔面积(MLA)、面积狭窄百分比(AS%)。当FFR≤0.80时,认为冠状动脉狭窄存在功能学意义,即为冠状动脉功能性狭窄。结果:以FFR为金标准,对比剂血流模型QFR(cQFR)和固定血流模型QFR(fQFR)识别NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉临界病变功能性狭窄的AUC分别为0.829(95%CI:0.773~0.885,P<0.001)和0.821(95%CI:0.766~0.875,P<0.001),诊断准确度、灵敏度、特异度分别为81.30%、56.00%、98.63%和76.83%、59.00%、99.04%。DeLong检验表明,在NSTE-ACS患者中,cQFR对冠状动脉临界病变功能性狭窄的诊断价值显著优于fQFR(P=0.03)。结论:以FFR为金标准,QFR尤其cQFR对NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉临界病变功能性狭窄具有一定的诊断价值。

冠状动脉CT血管成像血流储备分数应用于冠状动脉疾病的研究进展

冠状动脉血流储备分数(fractional flow reserve,FFR)是评价冠状动脉血管生理功能的金标准。基于冠状动脉CT血管成像的无创血流储备分数(CT-FFR)是研究冠状动脉疾病的新技术,它将计算机流体力学应用于解剖数据为临床医生提供了进一步的功能评估,以指导治疗决策。目前,CT-FFR的潜力已被认识到。在这篇综述中,介绍了CT-FFR的基本原理,CT-FFR对于冠状动脉疾病的诊断效能及影响因素,限制与不足及未来发展方向。

红外热成像技术在股静脉血流缓慢大鼠模型中的成像表达特性及其临床应用价值

目的探讨红外成像技术在股静脉血流缓慢大鼠模型中的成像表达特性及其临床应用价值。方法选取12只SD大鼠,随机分为两组:肾上腺素组(模型组)和生理盐水组(空白对照组)。模型组每次注射1mg/mL肾上腺素,空白对照组注射等量生理盐水,前后共2次,首次注射后2h,将大鼠置于冰水中游泳5min。建模前后使用红外热成像技术采集两组大鼠两侧股三角区域温度,建模完成后腹主动脉采血检测凝血指标及白细胞介素-6(IL-6),取右侧股静脉进行病理学检查。结果模型组大鼠活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)(P<0.01)、凝血酶时间(TT)(P<0.01)较空白对照组明显缩短;IL-6水平高于空白对照组(P=0.02)。两组大鼠股静脉切片血管形态结构正常,未见明确炎症细胞浸润及血栓形成。模型组大鼠股三角区域建模前最高温为(35.34±0.47)℃,建模后为(36.57±0.94)℃,模型组大鼠建模前后温度差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);模型组大鼠股三角区域建模后最高温高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。结论股静脉血流缓慢状态大鼠模型红外热成像表达特性为相对高温表达,具有无创无辐射优势的红外热成像技术可作为诊断血流缓慢状态的辅助手段。

冠心病患者血清胱抑素C、高敏C反应蛋白、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与血流储备分数相关性研究

目的:探讨冠心病(CHD)患者血清胱抑素C(CysC)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)与血流储备分数的相关性。方法:选取150例冠心病患者为研究对象,行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查,以血流储备分数(FFR)为分组标准,FFR>0.75组81例、FFR≤0.75组69例,比较两组患者冠脉造影结果,血清CysC、hs-CRP、non-HDL-C水平,分析血清CysC、hs-CRP、non-HDL-C与FFR值的相关性及FFR值影响因素。结果:FFR≤0.75组管腔狭窄比高于FFR>0.75组及最小管腔直径小于FFR>0.75组(均P<0.05)。FFR≤0.75组血清CysC、hs-CRP、non-HDL-C水平高于FFR>0.75组(均P<0.05)。血清CysC、hs-CRP、non-HDL-C水平与冠心病患者FFR值均呈负相关(均P<0.05)。Gensini总评分、纤维蛋白原(FG)、CysC、hs-CRP、non-HDL-C为影响CHD患者FFR值的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论:冠心病患者FFR值降低与血清CysC、hs-CRP、non-HDL-C水平密切相关,可为临床初步判断CHD患者是否存在心肌缺血提供依据。

大鼠血流缓慢模型的制备

目的通过皮下反复注射肾上腺素、冰水游泳后观察血液流变学指标和双下肢超声结果,以构建血栓形成前的大鼠血流缓慢模型。方法选取12只健康SD大鼠,肾上腺素组(n=6)皮下注射0.8 mL/kg肾上腺素,2 h后冰水游泳5 min,注射4 h后再次注射,并禁食16 h。生理盐水组(n=6)皮下注射0.8 mL/kg生理盐水,其制备方法与肾上腺素组一致。造模完成后,行双下肢股静脉超声和血液流变学检查。结果两组大鼠双下肢均无明显肿胀。在冰水游泳第1 min内,肾上腺素组大鼠较生理盐水组兴奋(P=0.015)。超声结果显示,两组大鼠股静脉均无明显血栓形成,但是肾上腺素组的右侧股静脉流速比生理盐水组低(P<0.001)。血液流变学结果显示,肾上腺素组大鼠的全血粘度低切(P=0.024)及血浆粘度(P=0.004)较生理盐水组高。结论通过大鼠皮下反复注射肾上腺素及冰水游泳,并利用血液流变学和超声检查,可以构建大鼠血流缓慢模型。