Afterlives of the Dead： Uncovering Graves and Mishandling Corpses in Nineteenth-Century China

The late imperial Chinese state made a concerted effort to regulate the bodies of the dead. The statutes and substatutes of the Qing Code not only specified how and when corpses were to be buried, but they also criminalized the exposure, manipulation, alteration, and destruction of dead bodies. Through an examination of legal cases related to the crime of ＂uncovering graves＂ （fazhong）, this article explores the uses and abuses of corpses in early nineteenth century China It argues that dead bodies presented a unique problem for the state. On the one hand, laws related to uncovering graves were intended to keep corpses in their proper places. Once a corpse was buried, it was supposed to be fixed--ritually, materially, and spatially. Unfortunately, this ideal could never be fully realized, since corpses were always in motion. They decomposed; they shifted in the earth; they were exposed by soil erosion; and they were subjected to degradation over time. Moreover, they were disturbed, moved, manipulated, gathered, divided, circulated, and even consumed medicinally by others. In other words, many corpses had interesting and eventful social lives. This article explores some of these lives in an effort to illuminate how the state attempted to manage and control intractable bodies during the nineteenth century.

Melting Alpine Ice Unveils Decades-Old Corpses

文章的标题写得何等好啊!典型的“非人称主语句”(Impersonal SubjectSentence),表达简洁,生动,形象。汉语恐怕只能译成“阿尔卑斯山冰雪融化 陈年尸首显容露貌”;此外,文章的主题句也精彩极了!须知,其主干结构仅为:ASwiss father…thought his quest had paid off…而已。时此主题句的翻译,也许只能化整为零了。如译:瑞士的一位为人父者在搜寻他那已经失踪了18年的登山之子的尸体时,本周终于得到了回报,因为欧洲创纪录的高温天气令冰川消 融,一具尸体终于显露。

The Research on the Impact Factors of the Comprehensive Evaluation of Communication Unit Camps Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

Currently, the comprehensive assessment of the communication troops’ camp planning project is primarily qualitative, with limited quantitative evaluation. Drawing upon the relevant spirit of the Military Commission’s documents and leveraging the author’s own work experience in branch offices, this article thoroughly explores the factors influencing the comprehensive assessment of the project and proposes quantitative representation methods for these factors. Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a hierarchical structure model and judgment matrix for the evaluation factors of the communication troops’ camp construction planning project are constructed, enabling the determination of the weightage of each factor. This provides a certain level of support and reference for the project approval and management by branch offices, while also offering valuable insights for the approval and management of camp planning and construction projects in other types of troops and battlefield projects.

基于CORPS模式的公益慈善组织绩效评价框架构建

公益慈善组织在为民生提供保障、帮急扶困、树立社会公平正义等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。对公益慈善组织进行绩效评价,有利于提高公益慈善组织的管理水平,促进公益事业向好发展,引导社会公益逐步实现第三次分配的既定目标。文章基于CORPS的五个要素,在前人研究基础上从服务与服务对象、业务运作、财力与物力资源和人力资源四个维度构建了公益慈善组织绩效评价指标框架,共9个二级指标、34个三级指标,以准确评价公益慈善组织绩效、增进社会对公益慈善组织的深度了解。

The Role of Rivers in the United States 19th Century Territorial Expansion from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean

This study explores the key role of rivers in the westward expansion of the United States during the 19th century. In the early 1800s, President Jefferson envisioned a United States that extended from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. At the time, the entire United States territory was located between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River. Much of the land west of the Mississippi River was claimed by Spain, France, or Canada. In 1803, President Jefferson was able to purchase the Missouri River watershed from France via the Louisiana Purchase. This allowed the United States to extend its land claim west from the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers to the head waters of the Missouri River at the continental divide in the Rocky Mountains. President Jefferson commissioned William Clark and Meriwether Lewis, in 1803, to explore, discover and describe the Missouri River watershed and find a water route to the Pacific Ocean. The Lewis and Clark Corps of Discovery trip found no such waterway link but did continue to explore the Pacific Northwest lands north and west of the continental divide. The only way that the Pacific Northwest could be claimed as part of the United States was for Americans to settle there before the Canadians did. Starting in the 1820s, many Americans traveled via the Oregon Trail to the Willamette Valley (Land of Flowing Milk and Honey) in Oregon. The primary objectives of this study are to document how the United States: 1) extended its land claims west from the Mississippi River to the North American continental drainage divide;2) established an American claim to the Pacific North West territory;and 3) fulfilled President Jefferson’s vision of a United States extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

基于CORPS的优质教学资源服务体系的构建

经过十多年的发展,独立学院的优质教学资源建设虽然已经具备一定的规模,但有效的教学资源内容较为匮乏,用户难以找到需要的教学资源,许多教学资源没有参考价值。基于非营利性组织CORPS模式的内涵与运作流程,针对独立学院优质教学资源建设核心问题,从优质教学资源组织管理、优质教学资源服务平台建设、优质教学资源服务保障机制等方面探索建立并实施优质教学资源服务体系,形成了全方位、多元化的优质教学资源组织、管理、服务模式。

高校组织绩效评价体系构建

组织绩效管理是企业进行评价的重要措施,并且在实践中取到了重要影响。高校作为一种松散型组织,如何运用绩效管理来提高其效率,值得研究。本文在分析了高校组织绩效的概念和原则的基础上,提出了基于CORPS的高校组织绩效评价体系,以期为促进高校进一步提高效益提供参考。

CORPS模式下的非营利组织可持续发展能力评价——以176家民政部登记的基金会为例

为深入了解我国非营利组织目前的发展状况及其在发展中存在的问题,在科学界定非营利组织可持续发展的内涵、优化设计非营利组织CORPS模式的基础上,从财力与物力、人力资源、业务运作、服务、服务对象和影响力6个维度构建了多层次的非营利组织可持续发展评价指标体系,并以我国民政部登记的176家基金会为研究对象,采用因子分析和聚类分析法,客观、全面地考察评价我国非营利组织的可持续发展能力。结果发现,我国基金会总体发展状况良好,发展水平不均衡,多元化趋势明显。为实现我国非营利组织的可持续发展,基金会应实现资源实力、营运效率和融资能力的均衡提升。

基于CORPS模式的农林院校科研绩效评价——以西北农林科技大学为例

本文以西北农林科技大学为例,构建基于CORPS模式的高校科研绩效评价DEA模型体系,采用2011年到2013年科研投入产出数据进行实证分析,对农林院校农科、工科、理科、人文社科四大类学科评价比较,进一步探讨了各学科科研工作特点及存在的问题,并提出通过优化资源配置、挖掘资源利用潜力等途径提升农林院校科研绩效的建议。

基于CORPS模式因子分析的国家示范性高职院校绩效评价研究

以2008年立项的23所国家示范高职院校为例,建立基于CORPS模式的高职院校绩效评价体系,研究这些院校在深化教育教学改革、创新人才培养模式、提高社会服务能力和创建办学特色等方面所取得的成绩。结果显示,高职院校在各因素的发展水平不均衡,各高职院校的总体发展水平也不均衡;总体来看,各高职院校普遍对服务对象、业务运作和师资力量等方面较为重视。

我国非营利组织绩效提升路径探析

非营利组织具有的非营利性、公益性和利他性等特点,决定了其在政治、经济、文化和社会福利等方面发挥着政府和企业不可替代的重要作用。借鉴国内外非营利组织绩效评估的理论与实践,结合我国非营利组织绩效管理的现状,为打破外部环境、内部管理和社会公信力等因素对我国非营利组织绩效管理的制约,提出可通过强化商业化营销理念、构建共同愿景、构筑战略合作联盟、完善监督体制和建立激励机制等路径,使我国非营利组织绩效得到进一步提升。

非营利性组织基于CORPS模式整体经营策略研究

在分析非营利性组织的CORPS模式的内涵及其运作程序的基础上,引入CORPS模式,更加直观有效地研究了非营利性组织基于CORPS模式的组织间的联盟策略、商业化经营策略、C-P-R之间的转换策略、垂直整合策略、公关策略、多角化策略等整体经营策略。

Application Study of Rough Set in Remote Sensing for Crops

[Objective] This study aimed to improve classification accuracy of RS images using rough set theory in the growth of crops. [Method] Technique methods of data mining and knowledge discovery have been used. The development status of spatial data mining and knowledge discovery （SDMKD） is presented and data mining techniques in remote sensing were deeply analyzed. Then, SDMKD of TM image are researched using method of rough set, mainly including four methods （rough set, apriori algorithms, inductive learning, clustering）. [Result] The proposed method raises efficiency of land use and land reclaim. Based on the SDMKD, the characteristics of TM showed that the information after using rough set is more intensive than that of none. Especially, much better results can be gained while kinds of corps are less than five. [Conclusion] This study laid significant basis for further research on data mining in the growth of crops.

基于corps模式学校体育推介工作策略研究

本文应用corps理论，析论学校体育推介工作。旨在阐述运用corps管理模式来推介学校体育工作，改善人力及经费欠缺等问题。以期更有效率地推广学校体育文化、提升校园运动风气，凸显体育运动在校园的存在价值。

An experimental proposal for low order laboratory animals’ extension of metabolic life

Essential bibliography, with therein references included, is presented owing to the contribution of the author groups to Mitochondrial Filamentation, which is a new emerging field of physiological energy metabolism. These studies provide the first seed concept for trials to extend the metabolic life, for a few days, in low order laboratory mammals killed by electrocution, as a first type of accidental death. It is proposed, essentially, to cool out the corpses very soon after death at 12oC-14oC and take advantage of the effect super magnetism to counteract the force of gravity to install a net recurrent cycle of oxygen consumption and oxygen production by filamented mitochondria in all the organism tissues. Once the cause of death had been corrected adequately, it is possible to try the reanimation to experience the full life of the corpse with highly sophisticated methodology.

基于CORPS模式的高校二级学院绩效评价研究

本文通过构建基于CORPS模式的高校二级学院绩效评价DEA模型,对高校二级学院的投入产出进行分析。首先,运用CORPS模式构建二级学院绩效评价的指标体系。其次,再运用主成分分析法对指标体系进行分析,将指标规范化。最后,运用DEA模型对二级学院进行绩效评价分析,根据评价结果对二级学院进行综合排名,并根据绩效结果给出发展建议。研究结论对提高高校二级学院的办学效益以及教育质量、实现学校自身的可持续性发展目标、推动我国经济发展和社会进步具有重要的现实意义。

CORPS模式下的大学生志愿者组织运营研究——以在杭高校大学生为例

本研究基于CORPS模式的基本思想,以在杭高校大学生为例,通过对大学生志愿者组织运营基本情况的调查分析,探析了大学生志愿者组织在服务对象、价值创造、物质资源、志愿服务参与者、提供的服务五个方面存在的问题;并进一步探讨了存在这些问题的原因;在此基础上,从政府、高校、社会、大学生本身四个角度提出了完善大学生志愿者组织的相关建议。

Research on Overall Planning and Implementation Evaluation of Land Use of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Agriculture-seven Division

Based on methods for evaluating the overall planning and implementation of land use of domestic scholars, a comprehensive and highly-operable index system and evaluating method for land use planning multi-type implementation has been established through selecting multi-type evaluating indicators and applied to the last-round overall planning of land use in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Agriculture-seven Division. The obtained comprehensive score was 86.40, indicating that land use overall planning has been excellently coordinated with land, society, economy as well as ecology and has exerted outstanding effect with the rank as "good". The evaluation results are in accordance with actual conditions, which displays that the established multi-type implementation evaluating system of land use overall planning is reasonable with scientific evaluating methods and can be the reference for evaluation of land use overall planning in other regiments and companies of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.

Between “Normalization” and Spectacularization: Representing Violence Against Women in TV Crime Series

This research in the field of Media Sociology and Gender Studies compares the representation of death and of female corpses in two crime TV series produced in the last decade in two very different contexts: the Italian series RIS – Delitti imperfetti (Canale 5) and the Irish one The Fall (BBC Northern Ireland). The interest for this theme is born out of the awareness of the gravity of a phenomenon such as gendered violence. The starting assumption here is that media representations play a key role in fueling or counteracting the culture that feeds gendered violence: this is true both for news media and fictional media, able to shape our social imaginary. At the basis of this research there are three questions: whether the violence, victims and perpetrators represented in media coincide with the actual reality of the above-mentioned countries;what kind of frame is the most commonly used to represent male violence against women;and whether violence itself and the dead female body are represented with any kind of eroticization or spectacularization. To answer these questions, I will carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis, looking at Feminist Film Theory in order to resolve he last issue.

Hiperreal Dimension of Dying： Reception of the Phenomenon by Jean Baudrillard, Zuzanna Janin, and Bogna Burska

The first part of the paper presents the philosophical concept of Jean Baudrillard in which the issues of death and dying constitute an essential theme. Contemporary times in which the human condition seems to be extremely difficult are presented in a somber way. Isolation from nature results in the existence filled with fear of death. Natural death is a mentally inconceivable occurrence, an embarrassing phenomenon, and therefore unworthy of being remembered. Only sudden, spectacular death creating media hype seems to be meaningful and worth paying attention to. Instant death is set in opposition to slow death which is also called postponed death. Death in the heat of work, duties, obligations, and prohibitions is the death inflicted at the request of both an employee and an employer. Work rewarded with payment is an act of temporary suspension of death. Burdened with work, people forget about the debt they have incurred from nature. A contemporary employee does not deserve death and instant death is only act of salvation, the act of free will. The second part of the paper focuses on artistic activity of Zuzanna Janin and Bogna Burska. Both artists deal with an issue of media death using different means of expression. Spinning their narratives of intimate decaying and media rage in a public space, they correspond with the Baudrillard＇s philosophical thought.