Fatigue Crack Propagation Law of Corroded Steel Box Girders in Long Span Bridges

In order to investigate the fatigue performance of orthotropic anisotropic steel bridge decks,this study realizes the simulation of the welding process through elastic-plastic finite element theory,thermal-structural sequential coupling,and the birth-death element method.The simulated welding residual stresses are introduced into the multiscale finite element model of the bridge as the initial stress.Furthermore,the study explores the impact of residual stress on crack propagation in the fatigue-vulnerable components of the corroded steel box girder.The results indicate that fatigue cracks at the weld toe of the top deck,the weld root of the top deck,and the opening of the transverse diaphragm will not propagate under the action of a standard vehicle load.However,the inclusion of residual stress leads to the propagation of these cracks.When considering residual stress,the fatigue crack propagation paths at the weld toe of the transverse diaphragm and the U-rib weld toe align with those observed in actual bridges.In the absence of residual stress,the cracks at the toe of the transverse diaphragm with a 15%mass loss rate are categorized as type I cracks.Conversely,when residual stress is considered,these cracks become I-II composite cracks.Residual stress significantly alters the cumulative energy release rate of the three fracturemodes.Therefore,incorporating the influence of residual stress is essential when assessing the fatigue performance of corroded steel box girders in long-span bridges.

Reanalysis on the Spectral Characteristics and Materials of Jade Jue Unearthed from Lijiashan Ancient Tomb in Yunnan Province, China

Jade ware Jue is one of the most fashionable ornament in ancient China from the Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty.In this study,the remnants of jade ware Jue,from Lijiashan ancient tomb group have been tested and analyzed respectively.The samples through a light etch surface showing glass luster and those with a severe etch surface showing earthen luster.With the aid of X-ray fluorescence Spectrometer(X-ray Fluorescence)test and X-ray diffraction(XRD)detection,the results show that tremolite is not the main mineral of the sample.The main components of the tested samples with light erosion are antigorite and talc,although the main components of the samples with severe erosion are calcite containing calcium carbonate barium.Furthermore,the research on jade ware Jue in Yunnan culture has not only contributed to our further understanding of the jade objects from Yunnan culture and the variety of jade material located in the Yunnan Province.It also provides a basis for the trace of the history and culture through the distribution and evolution of burial hierarchy laws.At the same time,the microscopic observation of the tested samples manifested a residual trace of“string”at the perforation,which has played a critical role in restoring the wearing of jade ware Jue from the tombs of the ancient Yunnan State and the handicraft skills at that time.

NSP窑筒体腐蚀与窑内工艺条件的相关性

通过调查和分析，找出水泥窑筒体腐蚀与窑工艺条件的相关联系。认为，降低窑内有害组分富集，提高窑衬屏蔽作用，可以有效抑制筒体腐蚀。

NSP窑微量有害组分对筒体腐蚀机理的研究

利用化学分析，ＳＥＮ，ＸＲＤ，ＥＤＡＸ等手段，对ＮＳＰ窑筒体锈层进行分析，从热力学、动力学两方面探讨硫、氯、碱对筒体的腐蚀机理。结果表明，提高窑体的屏蔽作用，可抑制筒体腐蚀。

Seismic safety assessment of trains running on high-speed railway bridges with chloride-induced corroding piers

For the lifetime assessment of the running safety of a train in aggressive environments and earthquake-prone areas,the effects of corrosion on seismic performance must be considered.Research on the running safety of trains,including corrosion damage,is limited,despite the fact that seismic safety assessment of trains on high-speed railway bridges has been extensively examined.In this work,the running safety of a train was evaluated using a time-varying corroded bridge finite-element model established in OpenSees.Two pier types were considered,and three ground-motion types were selected for performing seismic performance evaluations.Subsequently,the seismic response of the corroded bridge-track structure under an earthquake was analyzed.The spectrum intensity was used as the structural response index for the running safety assessment of trains under earthquakes,and the long-term safety of trains on bridges with different pier heights and earthquake types,considering different corroding deterioration,was evaluated.The results indicate that under low-level earthquakes,piers are primarily in a linear elastic state and least influenced by corrosion;whereas under high-level earthquakes,the running safety of trains on a bridge significantly deteriorates after corrosion,particularly for high-pier bridges,mainly because the corroded piers are more likely to yield lower post-yield stiffness.The results of this study suggest that in the seismic safety assessment of trains on corroded bridges,timevarying seismic performance characteristics should be considered.

Performance Analysis of Corroded Grounding Devices with an Accurate Corrosion Model

Grounding devices are significant to the operation of the power transmission line and power equipment.The soil and leakage current can easily cause the corrosion of carbon steel grounding devices,resulting in power accidents.Therefore,most carbon steel grounding devices in service are already corroded,and the accurate calculation of grounding parameters for corroded grounding devices is important.However,most existing methods for calculating the grounding parameters of corroded grounding devices usually have the following disadvantages:1)They only consider whether the grounding devices are broken or not,and cannot analyze the grounding parameters of grounding devices with different corrosion degrees;2)They assume that the corroded grounding device is a conductor with a smaller diameter,and ignore the impact of the corrosion product layer,resulting in calculation errors.To solve the above problems,this paper establishes an accurate corrosion model for grounding devices based on the volume expansion coefficient of corrosion products.The grounding parameters calculation method for corroded grounding devices is proposed based on the boundary element method(BEM)and Galerkin’s method.Then the grounding performance of tower grounding grids with different corrosion degrees in different soils(uniform and layered)is analyzed.Finally,some features of grounding parameters of corroded grounding devices are given.This study can accurately calculate the grounding parameters of the corroded grounding devices and has far-reaching engineering significance for the safety of power equipment.

NSP窑微量有害组分对筒体腐蚀机理的研究

利用化学分析、ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ、ＥＤＡＸ等手段，对ＮＳＰ窑筒体锈层进行分析，从热力学、动力学两个方面探讨硫、氯、碱对筒体的腐蚀机理。结果表明：提高窑体的屏蔽作用，可以抑制筒体腐蚀。

Finite Element Method Analysis of the Stress for Line Pipe with Corrode Groove During Outdoor Storage

The basic principle of corrode groove on outside of steel pipe during storage was analyzed in this paper, namely the water film on the contacted surface of steel pipe, which gathered from humidity in the air, rain or gel, and the suspended particles in air, and the corrosive composition, such as SO2, CO2, O2 and NaCI, in addition to the inhomogeneity of the organization and composition, which lead to the corrosion cell reaction, so that cause the corrosion initial from the contact surface of the between steel pipes, so as to form the corrosion groove. At the same time, the corrosion groove with depth of 0.125t （t pipe wall thickness） on the pipe of φ 1016 mm×21 mm ×70 API SPEC 5L was simulated using the FEM （finite element method）, and the stress and strain distribution of the defect area near corrosion groove were solved at the inner pressure of 12 MPa, 10 MPa, 8 MPa, 6 MPa, 4 MPa and 2 MPa, respectively, which showed that no matter the pressure values were, the maximum stress and strain were lied at the bottom of corrosion defects groove and were in good linear relationship with the internal pressure increasing from 2 MPa to 6 MPa. When the internal pres- sures were greater than 6 MPa, they felled into the nonlinear model and to be yielded or even to be destroyed. In addition, the residual strength and the limit operation pressure of the corrode pipe with the defects groove of 0.125t were calculated or simulated according to the theoretical calculation, the finite element method based on the stress, the finite element method based on strain, DNV-RP-F101, ASME B31G and experimental methods respectively. The results showed that the residual strength and the limit operation pressure of the defective parts solved by the finite element method based on stress were 424 MPa, and 15.34 MPa, respectively, which was very close to that of experimental method, the residual strength was 410 MPa and the limit operation pressure 14.78 MPa. Besides, the results also showed that it was feasible and effective to simulate the residual strength of the structure with corrosion defects using the finite element method.

Reliability analysis of Lan Chengyu corroded pipeline with associated defects

Traditional reliability evaluation method for corroded pipeline exists the problem of not considering the associated defects.We therefore propose a new calculation method considering the associated defects.In this paper,the traditional and new methods are respectively used to calculate and contrastively analyze the failure probability of corroded pipeline;we then perform the research of residual life prediction for the corroded pipeline,followed by the sensitivity calculation of all random evaluation parameters.And then the Monte Carlo method(MCS)is applied to verify the rationality of the new method.The research results show that:the method considering associated defect is more objective,and truly react corroded pipeline's dynamic reliability changes;obtain new method to predict residual life of corroded pipeline;corrosion depth,radial corrosion rate have a significant impact on reliability of corroded pipeline considering associated defects.The calculation results of the method are more accurate,more time-saving.