Dark Womb and Gender War:Rethinking Social Formation and Social Order in Hesiod’s Cosmogony

This paper offers a detailed study of the issue of social formation and social order in Hesiod’s cosmogony.I argue that,according to Hesiod’s genesis theory,order in a society cannot be established organically through social formation.The main difficulty lies in the nature of society itself where the dualistic opposition in the male-female sexual relationship leads to endless conflicts between the two sexes and,further,between generations.To deal with the sexual relationship properly is the key to maintaining a stable social order.In the poem,the mother’s‘dark womb’is presented as a prominent image at every crucial moment of social formation and social(dis)ordering in both the divine and the human worlds.Taking this image as a clue,we can see that the issue of sexuality has a profound impact on social order,and also serves as a key to understanding divinity and humanity in Hesiod’s cosmogony.

Diffuse matter and cosmogony of stellar systems in researches by G.A.Shajn

The main topic of long-term researches by G.A. Shajn is the nature of diffuse matter, its dis- tribution in the Galaxy and extragalactic systems, interaction with the interstellar medium and hot stars, and the formation of emission and reflection nebulae and stars. Based on the analysis of experimental data, mainly photographic observations of nebulae in the Milky Way and extragalactic systems, he made conclusions and suggested well-founded hypotheses on a wide range of considered problems, including those related to cosmogony. The structure of nebulae, and their masses and sizes give reasons behind the conclusion that most of them are formed not in the process of ejection of matter from the stars, but rather they are objects which are born and evolve, and quite often are comprised of giant conglomerates of gas, dust and stars. The distribution of OB-type stars and nebulae in spiral branches points to their genetic relation and the fundamental role of the interstellar medium as the source of their formation. The structural features of nebulae are determined by the action of magnetohydrodynamic forces. Magnetic fields in a galaxy control the motion of diffuse gas-dust matter and ensure the maintenance of its spiral structure. These ideas continue being developed in modern directions of astrophysics.

Cosmogonic Speculations: Particle Creation from Energy Conservation in the Universe Evolution

Information about the Universe from Hubble’s law is consistent with that coming from the evaluation of inertial forces, supporting the picture of a steady state expansion of a black hole Universe. Backed up also by the consideration of the black body self energy, the post big bang temperature decrease is consistent with particle creation if energy conservation applies at every scale. This process is shown to provide a gravitational repulsive force which can counterbalance gravitational attraction thus allowing the possibility of a steady non-inflationary expansion. That seems to provide an alternative coherent scheme for our picture of the Universe evolution, disposing of the cosmological term, of dark energy and of the bulk of dark matter.

Myth and Origins： Men Want to Know

Starting with a personal definition of ＂myth＂, this paper seeks to substantiate the claim that every myth is essentially etiological, in the sense that myths somehow express a cosmogony or an eschatology, whether particular or universal. In order to do that, this study reassesses Classical and Judeo-Christian mythologies to revisit and contrast the narratives of origin--of the cosmos, of the gods and of men--found in ancient polytheism and in Judeo-Christian monotheism. Taking into consideration how these general and particular cosmogonies convey a specific understanding of the passage of time, this article does not merely recount the cosmogonies, theogonies, and anthropogonies found in the Bible and in the works of authors from Classical Antiquity, but it also incorporates a critical commentary on pieces of art and literature that have reinterpreted such mythical tales in more recent times The result of the research is the disclosure of a sort of universal etiology that may be found in mythology which, as argued, explains the origins of the world, of the gods, and of men so as to satisfy humankind＇s ambition to unveil the mysteries of the cosmos. Myth thus functions in these cases as a vehicle that makes it possible for man to return the fullness of a primordial age, abandoning the fleeting time that entraps him and entering a time still absolute

Inflation, Dark Energy, Acceleration, Missing Mass?

The black hole (b.h.) model based on the strong field treatment of the Newton potential is presented. The essential role of self energy both at the Planck level and for matter and radiation at later stages supports the picture of an expanding Universe necessarily accompanied by particle creation if energy conservation applies at every scale. This process is shown to provide a gravitational repulsive force which can counterbalance gravitational attraction thus allowing the possibility of a steady expansion. This black hole treatment of our Universe evolution, questions the necessity of inflation. The role of the critical density to dictate the fate of the Universe is replaced by the black hole condition which entails a different relation between Hubble parameter and density thus disposing of dark energy. Since its predictions provide a different time development of the Universe also the evidence for its acceleration is disputed. That seems to provide a coherent scheme for our picture of the Universe evolution, based on Hubble’s law and backed up by the consideration of inertial forces. Newtonian angular momentum is also not conserved at cosmological scales. Finally we consider two coordinates systems. The conformally flat coordinates are shown to disprove inflation and the relevance of the Painleve-Gullstrand metric in providing global coordinates is underlined. The combined effect of Hubble expansion and of proper time also questions the existence of missing mass.

The Earth-Diver： Hungarian Variants of the Myth of the Dualistic Creation of the World--Pearls in the Primeval Sea of World Creation

In this paper, the author shall deal with the Hungarian variants of dualistic world creation myths. The aim of this paper is to shed some light on the nature of the connection between the Central-East European Hungarian and South-East European Romanian and Bulgarian myth variants. The Hungarian pieces are the westernmost variants of the dualistic creation myth-group. Geographically, they stand close to the Romanian variants, but the serious motivational differences between the Romanian and Hungarian variants show that the descent of the two oral narrative groups are distinct, Both the Hungarian and the Romanian variants show similarities with the Bulgarian world creation myths, however, geographically they do not relate tightly. This is why a possible explanation of these correlations is, that the Hungarian and the Bulgarian myths have common Central Eurasian, South-Eastern Siberian origins, upon which starting from the sixth to the seventh centuries the super strata of various gnostic influences have settled.

罗明坚《天主圣教实录》对创造本原论的阐讲及其启示

罗明坚(Michele Ruggieri,1543-1607)是明末首批入华耶稣会士之一,1579年抵澳门,创办圣马丁讲道学校。1583年他与利玛窦一起在肇庆建立中国内地首座耶稣会士住院。罗明坚耗时四年完成的《天主圣教实录》(1584)为西方人最早用汉文所写教义纲要,在西方汉学史上占有重要地位。创造本原论可谓基督教神学的'首要原理',罗明坚也很重视对它的阐讲。然而从阐释背景看。

The Laozi and the Cosmogonic Turn in Classical Chinese Philosophy

In the past several decades, our understanding of the Laozi has been revolutionized by the discovery of new textual materials. While research has focused on various manuscript copies, the discovery of other cosmogonic texts dated to the late fourth century BC indicate that the Laozi was not as unique as it once seemed. Taken together, these texts show a radical shift in philosophical orientation occurring by the late 4th century BC, a change toward concerns with cosmogony and accounts of human beings as merely one part of the natural world. The goal of this paper is to analyze the various elements of this shift, using the Taiyi Sheng Shui 太一生水 （Great One Generates Water）, Hengxian 恒先 （Constancy First）, and Fan Wu Liu Xing 凡物流形 （All Things Flow into Form）, along with Lhe Laozi bamboo strips found at Guodian. The first section examines the commonalities between the various cosmogonies; the second places cosmogony in the context of other distinctive concerns that the texts share, turning toward the ;implications of the cosmogonies for human action. The final section examines orLe of the fundamental points on which the texts disagree.