Construction Project Bidding Prices and Price Control Mechanism

In the 21st century, especially after the accession to WTO, Construction project bidding price formation mechanism is the main characteristics of the market price of the Construction project is divided in a unified, uniform measurement unit, unified in terms of engineering and consumption of fixed rules on the basis of the implementation of market, competition fees.The first to be carried out not only the financial decision-making, corporate contractors in accordance with the different ways, according to market conditions, its technology, economic strength, through the financial decision-making self-quotation. Second, it is necessary to exercise effective control, both the Construction project bidding price by the form of the contract price is fixed.By design, material procurement, construction management on the implementation of bidding for the effective control of prices.

Supply chain coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information with retailer cost disruptions

A two-level supply chain model involving one supplier and one retailer with linear demand is developed, and supply chain coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information （the retailer＇ s cost structure is asymmetric information） are proposed by employing game theory in two scenarios： coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information in a regular scenario （without disruption）; and coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information in an irregular scenario （ with retailer cost disruptions）. It is optimal for the supply chain to maintain the original production plan and to guarantee a steadily running system if variations of retailer costs are sufficiently low and do not exceed an upper bound. This shows that the original production plan has certain robustness under disruptions. Decisions must be re-made if a retailer＇ s cost change is greater and exceeds an upper bound. Impacts of retailer cost disruptions on the order quantity, the retail price, the wholesale price and each party＇ s as well as the system＇ s expected profits are investigated through numerical analyses.

Research Electricity Production Costs and External Compensation Mechanism

China's power enterprises are mainly dominated by thermal power, thermal power is the key industry of coal consumption, so the thermal power enterprises have a fundamental influence on the environment, and how to not affect the vital interests of power enterprises under the condition of power plant to increase the strength of governance is to solve the current problem of letter. On the basis of various types of power generation enterprise environmental cost of thermal power, hydropower, wind power and nuclear power pollutant treatment cost were described, through the analysis of emission control scheme and the cost compensation of pollutants, environmental governance cost model, using a actual plant data, calculation of various pollutants compensation cost of thermal power plant, and according to the thermal power and wind power for quantitative comparison before and after compensation.

Research and Application of Construction Project Cost Control in Engineering Bidding Stage

In order to strengthen cost control in construction project bidding stage, this paper takes the price control in bidding stage as the main line, dedicated to determine the key point in the stage of cost control, and establishes the more objective and reasonable evaluation in view of the comprehensive evaluation method, and combined with the practical application of engineering to demonstrate. This paper not only improved the tendering and bidding stage method of cost control in construction project in our country, and improves the method system of engineering cost control.

Construction Project Bidding Agency and Cost Management Strategy in Bidding Stage

In the social development,bidding agency plays an important part,providing services for the development of construction project bidding,and endows the development of construction project bidding with a diversified characteristic.The cost management of a construction project bidding stage has a dynamic characteristic.The bidding agency can provide bidding related business for the construction enterprises to ensure the quality and the effect of the bidding service,leading to the foundation for the sustainable development of the construction enterprises.This paper analyzes the deficiency in the bidding agency,and cost management in the bidding stage of the construction projects,as well provide some effective countermeasures or recommendation,to improve the value,and the role of the bidding agency in managing and controlling the construction project cost within the scope allowed by the law,and regulations,and also to ensure the comprehensive benefits of construction projects for the construction enterprise.

Effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs in a mountainous region in Japan

We investigated forest road networks and forestry operations before and after mechanization on aggregated forestry operation sites. We developed equations to estimate densities of road networks with average slope angles, operational efficiency of bunching operations with road network density, and average forwarding distances with operation site areas. Subsequently, we analyzed the effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs. Six ha proved to be an appropriate operation site area with minimum operation expenses. The operation site areas of the forest owners＇ cooperative in this region aggregated approximately 6 ha and the cooperative conducted forestry operations on aggregated sites. Therefore, 6 ha would be an appropriate operation site area in this region. Regarding road network density, higher-density road networks increased operational expenses due to the higher direct operational expenses of strip road establishment. Therefore, road network density should be reduced to approximately 200 m.

Establish the Long-effective Mechanism of Food Security in China

In despite of fluctuation in recent years, the grain yield in China has been increasing, which relieves the conflict between supply and demand and turns the situation of food security good. However, because of the rapid increase in food consumption, the conflicts of food quality and structure in the supply and demand equilibrium has become more and more obvious and the long-effective mechanism of food security has not been estab-lished yet. It is found that the factors affecting food security in China include the scarcity and dissipation of resources, farmers’ low enthusiasm in planting grain crops and the inappropriateness of the emphasis and measures of macro-economic regulation and control. Therefore, the authors advance to optimize resources allocation, strengthen macro-economic regulation and control and policy stimulation and establish the mechanism of allocating grain production cost, to set up the long-effective mechanism of China food security and keep it stable in the long term.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Judgment on the Mechanical Equipment Bid Sheet

The reasonable model of fuzzy comprehensive judgment is found by means of the theory and method of multi-level fuzzy judgment on the basis of the judging index system of mechanical equipment bid sheets. The scientific method is supplied for the judging bids, the key chain of the judging process of the mechanical equipment bid sheet. All factors are considered, especially quantitative factors or qualitative factors in the process of judgment.

Wind Power Bidding Strategy Based on the Minimax Regret Criterion with Limited Distribution Information

In optimal wind bidding strategy related literatures, it is usually assumed that the full distribution information (for example, the cumulative distribution function or the probability density function) of wind power output is known. In real world applications, however, only very limited distribution information can be obtained. Therefore, the “optimal bidding strategy” obtained based on the hypothetical distribution may be far away from the true optimal one. In this paper, an optimal bidding strategy is obtained based on the minimax regret criterion. The salient feature of the new approach is that it requires only partial information of wind power distribution, for example, the expectation and the support set. Numerical test is then performed and the results suggest that the method established in this paper is effective.

Outcomes of the Clean Development Mechanism in Argentina

This paper summarizes the results of the implementation of the CDM in Argentina during the first period of commitment of the Kyoto Protocol. From a total of sixty- five projects ideas, forty-four achieved registration under the CDM EB while the rest remained approved at national level (12), under evaluation (2), suspended (5) or rejected (2). Most of the projects focused on the generation of electricity from renewable energy, mainly wind energy and the use of landfill gas and methane for energy. Emissions reductions achieved 33.4% of the expected CERs up to 2012 with strong differences among sectors. Results demonstrated that under the current Argentina’s energy policy framework, the income by the selling of CERs covered less than 6% of the incremental costs for renewable energy projects. A sensitivity analysis to evaluate the impact of CDM in the coverage of incremental costs for renewable energy based on the prices of both the energy in the local market and the CER demonstrated that the best conditions would only cover 15% of those costs. The contribution of CDM to technology transfer in Argentina was minor considering that 45% of the projects qualified as type III where technological learning and capacity building were limited at the level of operation and maintenance of a foreign technology. Domestic and external barriers that prevented a better performance of CDM projects in terms of GHG mitigation, technology transfer and the contribution to a sustainable development were also analyzed.

Internal Mechanisms of Corporate Governance and Firm Performance： A Review of Theory and Empirical Evidence

Literature has revealed the existence of several external and internal disciplining mechanisms that are hypothesized as factors influencing corporate governance. This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on five internal mechanisms of corporate governance, namely, dividend payouts, financial leverage, institutional shareholding, board duality, and board size. These mechanisms have received the greatest deal of attention in the literature. The paper makes an original contribution to the literature as it is the first of its type, to the best of our knowledge, to provide a comprehensive idea on these five internal mechanisms of corporate governance. This study will help in investigating the relationship between internal corporate governance mechanisms and firm performance with the main aim of extending the existing literature on firm performance by empirically investigating the contribution of these mechanisms in the smooth conduct of business operations. The empirical evidence amassed favors a smaller board size, non-existence of duality and favorable dividend mechanisms as effective internal governance mechanisms affecting firm performance. At the same time, there is no conclusive evidence on the relationship between leverage and institutional ownership as internal governance mechanisms influencing agency cost and firm performance.

CPECC Have Won the Bid in Kuwait at the cost of $ 398 million

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Based on the Incentive Mechanism of Enterprise Reverse Logistics Research Literature Review

In recent years, along with the people environmental protection consciousness enhancement and the concept of circular economy enterprises to implement reverse logistics is imperative. In recent years, based on the incentive mechanism of reverse logistics literature has gradually emerged. In this paper, the concept of reverse logistics are introduced in detail, and compares the forward logistics and reverse logistics, analyzes the driving factor for the formation of reverse logistics, from the Angle of the government and the enterprise two introduces the related literature, the incentive mechanism on the basis of the summary, summarized the problems of enterprise reverse, government incentives for enterprises is discussed the importance of reverse logistics, based on the existing research results in recent years to sum up, the paper further research are pointed out.

中国碳排放权交易机制与实践:基于微观企业股权资本成本的视角

碳排放权交易市场作为企业减排增效的重要机制,引发了资本市场投资者对企业碳排放问题的关注,进而可能影响投资者对企业的风险评估与价值判断。手工整理中国各试点碳市场的控排企业名录发现:碳排放权交易机制显著提升了控排企业的权益资本成本,主要机制为投资者碳风险关注,但该市场机制存在明显的效应边界。进一步发现,当碳市场的初始配额实施部分竞价拍卖和非履约主体交易更为活跃,产品市场竞争程度更高和企业所在城市空气污染更为严重,以及企业非财务绩效表现更好时,碳排放权交易机制对企业权益资本成本的提升作用更为明显。研究结论有助于更为全面的评估我国碳市场建设的经济后果,为该低碳环保政策的持续推广提供理论依据与经验参考。

非均衡数据下基于注意力网络和代价敏感学习的轨面状态识别

准确识别轨面状态,可为列车牵引/制动性能提升提供关键依据。重点针对传统代价敏感学习应用在非均衡轨面状态识别中存在的同类别样本重要性不同和多数类精度下降等问题,提出一种基于注意力网络和代价敏感学习的轨面状态识别方法。该法首先利用迁移学习思想将均衡数据集的特征迁移到非均衡轨面状态数据集,减轻少数类样本误分类影响;其次在骨干网络ResNet18中引入卷积注意力机制模块,增强网络对目标区域的特征学习能力和全局特征信息的感知性能,调整优化网络权重参数;最后构造依据轨面状态样本重要性大小的自适应加权平衡损失函数,降低决策边界对困难样本中多数类的过拟合,获得更加平滑的决策边界。非均衡数据下的实验结果表明,在3种非均衡比下,所提方法的准确率和召回率分别达到96.00%、90.67%、86.33%,与目前常用的方法Focal相比,分别提升了7.00%、2.34%、3.00%。此外,该方法在提高少数类召回率的同时可有效维持多数类的召回率,并且降低了网络训练时间成本。

基于动态电价机制的配网运营商与用户储能商双层协调多目标优化策略

为在电力市场和调度运用中发挥用户侧分布式储能的价值,充分利用电价的优化调节能力,提出考虑负荷需求响应的多目标双层动态电价模型。其中,上层以区域配网代理运营商运营成本和平均负荷波动率最小为目标,下层考虑储能商负荷需求响应,以各储能商运营成本最小为目标。此外,采用改进优劣解距离法对模型求得的Pareto最优解集进行多属性决策,以避免传统优劣解距离法中人为赋权的主观性。最后,决策出最优的内部电价、充放电计划和负荷安排。算例表明,该策略可以降低储能商的运行成本,提高区域配网运营商的收益与区域供电可靠性,同时有利于平滑负荷曲线。

机械除草技术装备应用调研及发展建议

除草技术装备是农业生产中不可缺少的农具。通过查阅资料、电话访谈、企业座谈和实地观摩等方式,针对除草技术装备开展了深入调查研究。分析了机械除草节本增效情况、国内机械除草装备推广应用情况及高端智能除草装备研发进展情况等,剖析了黑龙江省智能除草装备应用存在的主要问题及原因,在此基础上提出了发展建议对策。

高校附属口腔医院人力成本管控与薪酬激励机制探析

探析高校附属口腔医院人力成本管控及薪酬激励机制建设问题。结合某高校附属口腔医院相关实践,对附属口腔医院人力成本现状、人力成本管控、薪酬激励机制建设等进行初步探析,并探讨优化高校附属口腔医院人力成本的对策。经过深入分析和研究,提出了针对性的对策,高校附属口腔医院应合理定岗定编,完善考核体系,建立薪酬激励机制等,提升医院人力成本管理水平。建立绩效激励机制,改善职位设置和薪资分配水平,可促进人力资源的高效调配,提升工作效率,降低了成本。

工程造价纠纷多元化解决途径研究

随着我国经济体制改革不断深化,投资主体多元化、利益诉求复杂化、纠纷类型多样化成为建筑行业的突出特点,构建建设工程造价纠纷多元化解决途径和方法是“把非诉讼解决机制挺在前面”的重要举措。为了解工程造价纠纷现状,以陕西省为例,通过交流座谈、问卷调查等方式,调研47家相关单位。文章基于工程造价纠纷改革措施及调研现状,梳理分析相关纠纷解决方法存在的问题与原因,对纠纷多元化化解过程中涉及的相关单位,厘清其在多元化纠纷解决机制中的角色定位,从和解、调解、仲裁、诉讼等方面提出解决途径和建议,从加强诉源治理、完善的解纷机制、成立第三方专业技术平台分析多元的可行性,推动当事人、行业组织、司法机关、仲裁机构与行业主管部门联动配合的多元解纷模式建立。

新型电力系统下抽水蓄能电站高质量发展探究

为实现“双碳”目标,我国新能源装机规模快速增长,建设以新能源为主体的新型电力系统势在必行。新型电力系统中新能源大规模并网,对灵活性资源有了更高要求。抽水蓄能电站作为技术成熟的储能电站,在解决以新能源为主体的新型电力系统负荷波动方面发挥重要价值,能够同时应对源荷双侧的挑战。然而,抽水蓄能电站成本回收机制的不清晰对其发展模式造成阻碍,本文依据抽水蓄能电站在不同市场环境下的价值属性,对抽水蓄能电站成本回收机制提出建议,推动我国抽水蓄能产业可持续发展,满足新型电力系统建设需要。