Life cycle inventory for base metal ingots production in Japan including mining and mineral processing processes by cost estimating system database

CO2 emission levels of copper and zinc mines from which Japanese smelters import ore concentrates into Japan,were estimated by using a database called MLED. Eleven copper mines selected from data availability of mine site covered 84% of the total imported concentrates. Adding inventories of sea transportation and smelting processes to mine development process,total CO2 emission level for copper and zinc ingots produced in Japan were calculated. The results show that the emission share of mining and mineral processing processes for each mine is indicated around 30%-70% of total emission for ingots,which implies the importance of including the mining activities to the inventory of upper stream products.

Time consumption, productivity, and cost analysis of the motor manual tree felling and processing in the Hyrcanian Forest in Iran

An empirical time study was cohducted to evaluate the performance of the current felling and tree processing methods used in Northern Iran＇s Hyrcanian forest. Motor-manual felling is done mostly in winter, while tree processing starts when the felling season ends. We identified the elements of felling and processing work phases, and 142 cycles and 110 cycles were respectively recorded for felling and processing. On the basis of data analysis （time study）, we developed statistical models of effective time consumption in the respective work phase and for its total productivity. The production rate of felling with and without delay time was 9.7 and 11.65 trees per hour （0.17 USD.m^-3 and 0.21 USD-m^-3）, and the average production cost with and without delay was 1.21 USD and 1.45 USD per tree, respectively. The average productivity of processing was 35 m^3 per effective hour and the average unit cost of processing was 0.92 USD.m^-3.

Cost Control with Modeling in Motor Housing Process

With regards to the assembly line of cost control of Dechang company,the motor housing′s cost control of process will be necessarily appreciated.Though the supply quantity is large in a machine and the price of motor housing is cheaper,the cost control of automatic production line is significant in this respection.It is found that insufficiency power is main cause for production line failure.The cost control of equipment includes to structure wheel,conveyor and motor for benefit which also needs to be controlled in detail.Only in this way can we fundamentally resolve the main problem of high cost process.When the capital price L increases,Avc also increases too with nonlinear meantime,and Tc&Vc increase in proportion to K.Among them,the Tc increases the highest and then Vc increases lightly.Generally when labour quantity L and capital quantity K increase cost increases in proportion.

COST FB2钢热变形行为及热加工图

利用Thermecmastor-Z热模拟试验机对COST FB2钢进行了等温压缩试验,研究了其在不同热变形工艺参数下的热变形行为、显微组织演变规律以及最优的热加工工艺窗口。结果表明,热变形过程中,流变应力随着变形温度的升高及应变速率的降低而降低,在不同的应变速率与变形温度下,流变应力曲线呈现出动态再结晶、动态回复与加工硬化特征。基于Arrhenius方程和Zener-Hollomon函数,求得COST FB2钢的热变形激活能Q为449.56 kJ·mol-1。建立了本构模型,该模型预测值与试验值吻合度较高。基于Prasad失稳判据建立了COST FB2钢热加工图,结合热变形后的显微组织特征,发现失稳区主要集中分布于变形温度900~950℃、应变速率0.04~0.5 s^(-1)范围内,其显微组织为沿变形方向拉长的带状组织,并存在局部流动性,对应的功率耗散值η较低;安全区显微组织主要特征是部分动态再结晶组织,功率耗散值η较高。确定了其0.8应变量下合理的热加工工艺窗口为:变形温度975~1050℃、应变速率0.01~0.14 s^(-1)以及变形温度1050~1175℃、应变速率0.01~0.5 s^(-1)。

Adaptive Strategies for Accelerating the Convergence of Average Cost Markov Decision Processes Using a Moving Average Digital Filter

This paper proposes a technique to accelerate the convergence of the value iteration algorithm applied to discrete average cost Markov decision processes. An adaptive partial information value iteration algorithm is proposed that updates an increasingly accurate approximate version of the original problem with a view to saving computations at the early iterations, when one is typically far from the optimal solution. The proposed algorithm is compared to classical value iteration for a broad set of adaptive parameters and the results suggest that significant computational savings can be obtained, while also ensuring a robust performance with respect to the parameters.

VPLS Based Quality and Cost Control for Tennessee Eastman Process

Product quality and operation cost control obtain increasing emphases in modern chemical system engineering. To improve the fault detection power of the partial least square (PLS) method for quality control, a new QRPV statistic is proposed in terms of the VP (variable importance in projection) indices of monitored process variables, which is significantly advanced over and different from the conventional Q statistic. QRPV is calculated only by the residuals of the remarkable process variables (RPVs). Therefore, it is the dominant relation between quality and RPV not all process variables (as in the case of the conventional PLS) that is monitored by this new VP-PLS (VPLS) method. The combination of QRPV and T2 statistics is applied to the quality and cost control of the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process, and weak faults can be detected as quickly as possible. Consequently, the product quality of TE process is guaranteed and operation costs are reduced.

The Cost Control of Motor Housing Process

As for the assembly line of cost control of Toyota company in, the motor housing also needs cost control. Because the supply quantity of small motor is very large every month, the production line is needed to solve this problem. In addition to the control of equipment, personnel quantities and wages, the introduction of raw materials also needs to be controlled. Only in this way can we fundamentally solve the problem of high cost and low profit.

Full-Process Cost Control of Real Estate Development Enterprises

In the present paper, cost control existing in stages of decision making, drawing design, construction bidding, construction, completion settlement, product sales of real estate development are analyzed and solutions for cost control in each stage are provided.

Stability Estimation for Markov Control Processes with Discounted Cost

This article explores controllable Borel spaces, stationary, homogeneous Markov processes, discrete time with infinite horizon, with bounded cost functions and using the expected total discounted cost criterion. The problem of the estimation of stability for this type of process is set. The central objective is to obtain a bounded stability index expressed in terms of the Lévy-Prokhorov metric;likewise, sufficient conditions are provided for the existence of such inequalities.

企业数字化如何影响创新风险?——来自中国制造业的经验证据

数字化赋予传统企业新的发展契机,同时重塑研发流程和重构研发组织带来的双重成本不确定性引发了企业创新风险的变动。基于2011—2020年中国沪深A股制造业上市企业数据,结合面板固定效应模型,实证检验企业数字化对创新风险的影响及作用机制。研究发现:(1)企业数字化对创新风险存在显著的U型影响,即随着企业数字化水平的提高,其对创新风险会产生先抑制后促进的影响;(2)企业数字化对创新风险的影响具有明显的异质性,在国有企业、大型企业、东部和市场化程度较高地区的企业样本中抑制作用更为明显;(3)成本不确定性是企业数字化作用于创新风险的主要机制。企业在数字化前应进行风险评估与规划,在数字化后要根据所处数字化阶段实施差异化的研发支持措施;政府部门应当实施针对性的数字化政策,以有效应对企业数字化引致的创新风险困境。

DNA测序首段信号数据特别处理方法研究

针对荧光标记毛细管电泳DNA测序开始一段序列的信号杂乱特性以及不同碱基通道信号间的相对偏移问题,提出了一种用于首段信号特别处理的电泳迁移率自适应校正方法。分析设计基于四通道首段信号间峰重叠程度估计的运筹决策目标函数,通过目标函数动态寻优计算确定不同碱基通道信号的相对偏移系数,从而实现DNA测序首段信号的相对偏移校正,为提高首段信号碱基的合理判读及后续DNA精准排序提供了可靠的过程数据。

工程造价专业人才培养的实施路径研究

本文基于全过程工程造价咨询业视角,重新梳理全过程工程造价咨询业务各个阶段对学生实践能力的要求,结合当前高职工程造价专业人才培养要求,深入探讨造价人才培养新模式。目前,关于造价人才培养存在不足,主要表现为对接产业链能力欠缺,对接岗位能力不强等突出问题。通过研究,从根本上实现教育模式从单一造价阶段教学转变为全面全过程造价管理。重点构建“数字化+”全过程造价咨询业务协同育人模式,重构全过程工程造价业务需求课程体系,打造专兼结合混编的教师团队,促进教育链、人才链与产业链、创新链有效衔接。

混合遗传变邻域搜索算法求解柔性车间调度问题

针对考虑生产成本的柔性作业车间调度问题(flow job shop scheduling problem, FJSP),以完工时间与加工成本为优化指标,提出一种求解FJSP的混合遗传变邻域搜索算法。根据个体适应度对种群分割,结合自适应交叉概率改进子代种群产生方式;设计两种邻域结构增强算法的局部搜索能力;提出一种基于动态交叉变异概率的优化算法流程提高求解效率。运用提出的算法求解基准实例与实际问题测试,验证了算法的有效性。

SINGLE MACHINE SCHEDULING WITH CONTROLLABLE PROCESSING TIMES AND COMPRESSION COSTS （PART I：EQUAL TIMES AND COSTS）

Abstract Most papers in scheduling research have treated individual job processing times as fixed parameters. However, in many practical situations, a manager may control processing time by reallocating resources. In this paper, authors consider a machine scheduling problem with controllable processing times. In the first part of this paper, a special case where the processing times and compression costs are uniform among jobs is discussed. Theoretical results are derived that aid in developing an O(n 2) algorithm to slove the problem optimally. In the second part of this paper, authors generalize the discussion to general case. An effective heuristic to the general problem will be presented.

老油田掺水工艺能耗分析及节能优化技术研究

为实现老油田地面掺水工艺的简化优化,在水力和热力计算的基础上,利用Pipesim软件实现了双管掺水工艺、首端环状掺水工艺和末端环状掺水工艺的建模,研究了不同掺水方式、掺水量及掺水温度对能耗和运行费用的影响,并以总运行费用最低为目标函数,对不同工况下的最佳运行参数进行了求解。研究结果表明:随着掺水温度的升高,掺水系统的耗电量有所下降,随着掺水比的增加,耗电量呈先增加后降低再增加的趋势;耗气量与掺水温度和掺水比均呈正相关,在掺水比1.4之后的耗气量增幅不大;双管掺水工艺的运行费用最高,末端环状掺水工艺的运行费用最低。通过最优化求解,获得了不同月份的最优掺水温度和掺水量,工艺简化后,运行费用降低了63.3%~68.8%,年运行费用降低了37.31万元,节能潜力巨大。研究结果可为同类老油田地面方案的实施提供实际参考。

基于正交局部保持映射和成本优化的多变量时间序列早期分类模型

时间序列早期分类(ETSC)有两个矛盾的目标:早期性和准确率。分类早期性的实现,总是以牺牲它的准确率为代价。现有基于优化的多变量时间序列(MTS)早期分类方法,虽然在成本函数中考虑了错误分类成本和延迟决策成本,却忽视了MTS数据集样本之间的局部结构对分类性能的影响。针对这个问题,提出一种基于正交局部保持映射(OLPP)和成本优化的MTS早期分类模型(OLPPMOAE)。首先,使用OLPP将MTS样本前缀映射到低维空间,保持原数据集的局部结构;其次,在低维空间训练一组高斯过程(GP)分类器,生成训练集每个时刻的类概率;最后,使用粒子群优化(PSO)算法从这些类概率中学习停止规则中的最优参数。在6个MTS数据集上的实验结果表明,在早期性基本持平的情况下,OLPPMOAE的准确率显著高于基于成本的R1_C_(lr)(stopping Rule and Cost function with regularization term l_(1)and l_(2))模型,平均准确率能够提升11.33%~15.35%,调和均值(HM)能够提升4.71%~9.01%。因此,所提模型能够以较高的准确率尽早地分类MTS。

海上CCS工程项目全流程技术进展与展望

分析了海上典型场景CCS全流程的技术进展,提出面临的挑战和对未来发展趋势的展望。海上CCS项目主要有两个典型场景,包括海上平台CO_(2)捕集直接回注和陆地排放源CO_(2)捕集后运输到海上进行离岸封存。海上平台CO_(2)捕集工艺以膜分离为主,同时配合多种工艺组合;陆地排放源主要有天然气处理终端和炼化企业,根据气源浓度选择捕集工艺,以化学吸收法为主,重点研究低成本的工艺。海上CO_(2)运输主要有船舶运输和管道运输,目前管道运输处在中试阶段,大型CO_(2)运输船正在设计建造中。海上封存场地主要包括咸水层和枯竭油气藏,咸水层封存重点研究盖层封闭性、长期稳定性以及海上监测技术。综合考虑技术和成本因素,海上CCS项目未来向集群项目发展,联合排放企业和封存企业共同开展CO_(2)利用及封存,技术上需要重点攻关海上平台CO_(2)高效低成本捕集工艺、海上CO_(2)运输大型装备以及海上封存监测过程中的难题。

建筑工程项目管理全过程造价及成本研究

为提升工程项目管理水平,以某医疗机构建筑工程为例,分析造价及成本管理在实际项目中的应用情况,对医疗设施招标情况、装饰部分工程量、预算表等数据进行研究,采用计量控制和挣值法探讨其成本控制情况。结果表明,外墙和内墙装饰工程出现了超支,由此提出提升建筑工程项目管理全过程造价及成本管理效率的对策,以期为类似建筑工程管理提供借鉴,推动建筑行业的可持续发展。

面向台区通信网的边缘通算资源联合优化算法

随着越来越多电力终端设备接入台区配电网,如何合理调配有限的云边资源成为配电网能量管理的关键。文章提出了一种基于等级划分的边缘通算资源联合优化算法。首先通过层次分析法对任务进行等级划分,其次建立端侧和边侧的任务执行时延和能耗模型,并利用粒子群优化算法设计了一种联合通信和计算资源的分配算法,确定最优卸载策略、发射功率和计算资源分配方案;仿真结果表明其在降低系统总执行成本的同时,能有效提高任务响应度。