Toward Elucidating the Structure of Tetraploid Cotton Genome

Upland cotton has the highest yield,and accounts for >95% of world cotton production.Decoding upland cotton genomes will undoubtedly provide the ultimate reference and resource for structural,functional,and evolutionary studies of the species.Here,we employed GeneTrek and

Cotton Genome Manipulations:Exploring Smart Tools,Novel Germplasm,and Elite Genes for Super Cotton Design

Plant regeneration is the first step to cotton biotechnology.We screened over 100 genotypes and found two genotypes,YZ-1 and Y668,which are very easy to regenerate.It takes about 5 to 6

Toward Molecular Cytogenetical Characterizations in Cotton Genome

Cotton is viewed as the most important cash crop in the world,and sustains the agricultural economies of many nations by providing a sustainable fiber product for the textile industry.Due to

Development of New Interspecific Monosomic F_1 Substitution Stocks for Investigations in Cotton Genome

As it is known a complete coverage of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) genome with hypoaneuploids is not still realized.Therefore the detection of new types of aneuploids especially in different cytogenetic collections is very useful.In Uzbekistan,long-term investigations towards development

What Will We Do with a Cotton Genome Sequence?

With the publication of "Toward Sequencing Cotton(Gossypium) Genomes" [Chen et al.Plant Physiology,2007,145:1303-1310] a clear consensus emerged from the cotton genomics

Cotton genome: challenge into the polyploidy

Cottons are the most important fiber crops in the world.The cotton genus Gossypium has 52 species,including seven allotetraploid species and 45 diploids.Four species were domesticated and remain as crops under cultivation today:the New World allopolyploid species G.hirsutum and G.barbadense(2n=52),and the Old World diploid species G.arboreum and G.herbaceum(2n=26).The primary cultivated species is Upland cotton(G.hirsutum L.),which accounts for more than 90%of global cotton fiber production.

Unraveling the puzzle of the origin and evolution of cotton A-genome

Gossypium hirsutum,the most widely planted cotton species,its evolution has long been an unsolved puzzle because of its hybrid origin from D-genome and A-genome species.To better understand the genetic component of cotton,Huang et al.recently sequenced and assembled the first A1-genome G.herbaceum,and updated the A2-genome G.arboreum and(AD)1-genome G.hirsutum.On the basis of the three reference genomes,they resolved existing controversial concepts and provided novel evolutionary insights surrounding the A-genome.

Introgression of Gossypium klotzschianum Genome into Cultivated Cotton,G.hirsutum

Exotic Gossypium germplasm is a rich source of useful agronomic traits for improvement programs of cultivated cotton.Efficient use of genetic variation available in the wild relatives depends

Identification of candidate genes for early-maturity traits by combining BSA-seq and QTL mapping in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cotton breeding for the development of early-maturing varieties is an effective way to improve multiple cropping indexes and alleviate the conflict between grains and cotton in the cultivated fields in China.In the present study,we aimed to identify upland cotton quantitative trait loci(QTLs)and candidate genes related to early-maturity traits,including whole growth period(WGP),flowering timing(FT),node of the first fruiting branch(NFFB),height of the node of the first fruiting branch(HNFFB),and plant height(PH).An early-maturing variety,CCRI50,and a latematuring variety,Guoxinmian 11,were crossed to obtain biparental populations.These populations were used to map QTLs for the early-maturity traits for two years(2020 and 2021).With BSA-seq analysis based on the data of population 2020,the candidate regions related to early maturity were found to be located on chromosome D03.We then developed 22 polymorphic insertions or deletions(InDel)markers to further narrow down the candidate regions,resulting in the detection of five and four QTLs in the 2020 and 2021 populations,respectively.According to the results of QTL mapping,two candidate regions(InDel_G286-InDel_G144 and InDel_G24-InDel_G43)were detected.In these regions,three genes(GH_D03G0451,GH_D03G0649,and GH_D03G1180)have nonsynonymous mutations in their exons and one gene(GH_D03G0450)has SNP variations in the upstream sequence between CCRI50 and Guoxinmian 11.These four genes also showed dominant expression in the floral organs.The expression levels of GH_D03G0451,GH_D03G0649 and GH_D03G1180 were significantly higher in CCRI50 than in Guoxinmian 11 during the bud differentiation stages,while GH_D03G0450 showed the opposite trend.Further functional verification of GH_D03G0451 indicated that the GH_D03G0451-silenced plants showed a delay in the flowering time.The results suggest that these are the candidate genes for cotton early maturity,and they may be used for breeding early-maturity cotton varieties.

Bioinformatics Analysis of PHYB Gene in Upland Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)

[Objective] This study was conducted to clarify the biological information of PHYB genes in upland cotton （Gossypium hirsutum）. [Method] Two PHYB genes were identified from the genome database of allotetraploid cotton （G. hirsutum L. acc. TM-1）, and were found to be distributed on subgenomes A10 and D10. And then bioinformatic analysis on these two genes were performed. [Result] The PHYB genes of upland cotton had the same motifs and domains with the PHYB genes in other plant species, and even the number and location of the motifs and domains of these PHYB genes were consistent. The PHYB amino acid sequence alignment and the phylogenetic tree constructed based on PHYB amino acid sequence of these plant species indicated that the two PHYB genes in upland cotton had higher homology and closer evolutionary relationships with cocoa （Theobroma cacao）, but lower similarity to PHYB genes in monocotyledonous plants, such as rice （Oryza saitva） and corn （Zea mays）. The comparison of PHYB gene structure also revealed that plant PHYB gene was more conserved during evolution. The autophosphorylation of dozens of phosphorylation sites in upland cotton PHYB gene may be essential for the functions of phytochromes and plays a significant role in regulating phytochrome-mediated signal transduction pathways. [Conclusion] The results of this paper will provide a theoretical basis for the cloning and functional research of PHYB genes.

Genetic Map of Cotton with Molecular Markers

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important natural fiber in the world, and its seeds are also used as a food source. Breeding cotton for traits of interest, such as production and processing of fibers, will ensure that this natural product is as competitive as renewable synthetic fibers derived from petroleum. Thus, the mapping of the cotton genome for traits of interest may be the basis for its subsequent use in breeding programs. This work consists of a literature review, with the aim of bringing together works from different research groups working with the mapping of the cotton genome with molecular markers.

Genetical Genomics Dissection of Cotton Fiber Quality

Cotton fiber is a commodity of key economic importance in both developed and developing countries.The two cultivated species,Gossypium hirsutum and G.barbadense,are

The Gossypium raimondii Genome,a Huge Leap Forward in Cotton Genomics

Cotton, in the Gossypium genus, constitutes five tetraploid （2n = 4x = 52） and 45 diploid （2n = 2x = 26） species, which are believed to have originated from a common ancestor 5-10 million years ago （MYA）. Upland cotton （G. hirsutum, AADD, 2n = 4x = 52）, which is responsible for over 90% of the world＇s cotton lint production, is thought to have undergone an allopolyploidization event about 1-2 MYA involving both A and D genome species （Wendel and Albert 1992）. The progenitor of G. raimondii （DD, 2n = 2x = 26） is considered the contributor of the D subgenome, while ancestors of G. arboreum （AA, 2n = 2x = 26） may have contributed the A subgenome to G. hirsutum （Sunilkumar et al. 2006; Chen et al. 2007）.

Cotton functional genomics reveals global insight into genome evolution and fiber development

Due to the economic value of natural textile fiber, cotton has attracted much research attention, which has led to the publication of two diploid genomes and two tetraploid genomes. These big data facilitate functional genomic study in cotton, and allow researchers to investigate cotton genome structure, gene expression, and protein function on the global scale using high-throughput methods. In this review, we summarized recent studies of cotton genomes. Population genomic analyses revealed the domestication history of cultivated upland cotton and the roles of transposable elements in cotton genome evolution.Alternative splicing of cotton transcriptomes was evaluated genome-widely. Several important gene families like MYC, NAC, Sus and GhPLDal were systematically identified and classified based on genetic structure and biological function. High-throughput proteomics also unraveled the key functional proteins correlated with fiber development. Functional genomic studies have provided unprecedented insights into global-scale methods for cotton research.