Sewage sludge produced by municipal sewage treatment plants can potentially be used as a biomass energy source because of its high organic content.Presently,the conversion and utilization of rapidly growing amounts of...Sewage sludge produced by municipal sewage treatment plants can potentially be used as a biomass energy source because of its high organic content.Presently,the conversion and utilization of rapidly growing amounts of sewage sludge represent an urgent challenge in China.Thermal conversion of sewage sludge to biochar through pyrolysis is a promising solution to this problem.However,biochar produced by pyrolysis of sewage sludge alone has a poor pore structure as a result of its low C content and high ash content.Furthermore,it is enriched in heavy metals that may pose high ecological risks.In this study,we addressed these issues through co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and cotton stalks(1:1,wt./wt.)at different pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 350℃ to 750℃.The properties and surface characteristics of the biochars were investigated.Meanwhile,the transformation behavior of heavy metals during the co-pyrolysis process was studied,and the potential ecological risks of heavy metals in biochars were assessed.The results showed that elevated pyrolysis temperatures reduced the biochar yield and C content of the biochars,whereas such temperatures increased the pH value and ash content of the biochars.The biochars prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures were all mesoporous materials.The elevated temperatures promoted the transformation of heavy metals from mobile fractions to stable ones,thus resulting in a significant decrease in the ecological risks.In summary,co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge with cotton stalks proved to be a feasible method for the conversion and utilization of sewage sludge.展开更多
土壤氨挥发是干旱区农田氮肥损失的重要途径之一,通过田间试验研究了施用棉花秸秆及其生物炭对滴灌棉田土壤无机氮含量及氨挥发的影响。试验设对照、施用棉花秸秆(12 t·hm-2)和等碳量生物炭(4.5 t·hm-2)三个处理,每个...土壤氨挥发是干旱区农田氮肥损失的重要途径之一,通过田间试验研究了施用棉花秸秆及其生物炭对滴灌棉田土壤无机氮含量及氨挥发的影响。试验设对照、施用棉花秸秆(12 t·hm-2)和等碳量生物炭(4.5 t·hm-2)三个处理,每个处理设置不施氮肥和施氮450 kg N·hm-2两种条件。试验结果表明,施用棉花秸秆和生物炭可显著降低土壤 NH+4-N 含量,分别较对照降低8.01豫~19.88豫和5.49豫~9.90豫。棉花秸秆及其生物炭处理土壤 NO-3- N 含量和脲酶活性在不施氮肥条件下显著降低,而在施氮肥条件下显著增加。不施氮肥条件下,棉花秸秆和生物炭处理土壤氨挥发较对照分别降低22.06豫和21.27豫;而在施氮450 kg N·hm-2条件下,分别降低30.58豫和40.59豫。因此,棉花秸秆及其生物炭还田都可以减少滴灌棉田氨挥发,其中生物炭还田效果更显著,是一种更好的秸秆利用方式。展开更多
以棉花秸秆生物炭(BCS)为吸附剂,研究了BCS的吸附动力学、热力学特性以及制备温度、投加量和溶液p H等因素对BCS吸附SO_4^(2-)的影响.结果表明,制备温度为500℃的BCS(BCS500)比300℃的BCS(BCS300)更有利于SO_4^(2-)的吸附去除;在20 m L...以棉花秸秆生物炭(BCS)为吸附剂,研究了BCS的吸附动力学、热力学特性以及制备温度、投加量和溶液p H等因素对BCS吸附SO_4^(2-)的影响.结果表明,制备温度为500℃的BCS(BCS500)比300℃的BCS(BCS300)更有利于SO_4^(2-)的吸附去除;在20 m L溶液中,BCS500的投加量为0.1000 g时,对SO_4^(2-)的吸附去除最为理想,升高溶液p H值会减小BCS500对SO_4^(2-)的吸附量.动力学拟合表明准二级动力学方程比准一级动力学方程和Elovich方程能更好地描述吸附过程,所得吸附平衡时间为6 h.颗粒内扩散模型拟合发现BCS吸附SO_4^(2-)分为表面吸附和颗粒内扩散两个过程.相比于其他等温吸附方程,Langmuir方程能更好地描述BCS500对SO_4^(2-)的吸附行为,由Langmuir方程拟合所得BCS500的理论最大吸附量(52.13 mg·g^(-1))比BCS300的理论最大吸附量(31.46 mg·g^(-1))大.而计算所得热力学参数,如吉布斯自由能变&G_m<0,焓变&H_m<0和熵变&S_m>0,表明BCS500对SO_4^(2-)的吸附是一个自发、吸热且熵增加的过程;在25、35、45℃时,&G_m分别为-9.61、-12.50、-13.96 k J·mol^(-1),介于-20─0 k J·mol^(-1)之间,且反应为吸热反应,表明BCS500吸附SO_4^(2-)主要以物理吸附为主.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant NO.2017YFC0504400-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants NO.51074170,51704016)
文摘Sewage sludge produced by municipal sewage treatment plants can potentially be used as a biomass energy source because of its high organic content.Presently,the conversion and utilization of rapidly growing amounts of sewage sludge represent an urgent challenge in China.Thermal conversion of sewage sludge to biochar through pyrolysis is a promising solution to this problem.However,biochar produced by pyrolysis of sewage sludge alone has a poor pore structure as a result of its low C content and high ash content.Furthermore,it is enriched in heavy metals that may pose high ecological risks.In this study,we addressed these issues through co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and cotton stalks(1:1,wt./wt.)at different pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 350℃ to 750℃.The properties and surface characteristics of the biochars were investigated.Meanwhile,the transformation behavior of heavy metals during the co-pyrolysis process was studied,and the potential ecological risks of heavy metals in biochars were assessed.The results showed that elevated pyrolysis temperatures reduced the biochar yield and C content of the biochars,whereas such temperatures increased the pH value and ash content of the biochars.The biochars prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures were all mesoporous materials.The elevated temperatures promoted the transformation of heavy metals from mobile fractions to stable ones,thus resulting in a significant decrease in the ecological risks.In summary,co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge with cotton stalks proved to be a feasible method for the conversion and utilization of sewage sludge.
文摘土壤氨挥发是干旱区农田氮肥损失的重要途径之一,通过田间试验研究了施用棉花秸秆及其生物炭对滴灌棉田土壤无机氮含量及氨挥发的影响。试验设对照、施用棉花秸秆(12 t·hm-2)和等碳量生物炭(4.5 t·hm-2)三个处理,每个处理设置不施氮肥和施氮450 kg N·hm-2两种条件。试验结果表明,施用棉花秸秆和生物炭可显著降低土壤 NH+4-N 含量,分别较对照降低8.01豫~19.88豫和5.49豫~9.90豫。棉花秸秆及其生物炭处理土壤 NO-3- N 含量和脲酶活性在不施氮肥条件下显著降低,而在施氮肥条件下显著增加。不施氮肥条件下,棉花秸秆和生物炭处理土壤氨挥发较对照分别降低22.06豫和21.27豫;而在施氮450 kg N·hm-2条件下,分别降低30.58豫和40.59豫。因此,棉花秸秆及其生物炭还田都可以减少滴灌棉田氨挥发,其中生物炭还田效果更显著,是一种更好的秸秆利用方式。
文摘以棉花秸秆生物炭(BCS)为吸附剂,研究了BCS的吸附动力学、热力学特性以及制备温度、投加量和溶液p H等因素对BCS吸附SO_4^(2-)的影响.结果表明,制备温度为500℃的BCS(BCS500)比300℃的BCS(BCS300)更有利于SO_4^(2-)的吸附去除;在20 m L溶液中,BCS500的投加量为0.1000 g时,对SO_4^(2-)的吸附去除最为理想,升高溶液p H值会减小BCS500对SO_4^(2-)的吸附量.动力学拟合表明准二级动力学方程比准一级动力学方程和Elovich方程能更好地描述吸附过程,所得吸附平衡时间为6 h.颗粒内扩散模型拟合发现BCS吸附SO_4^(2-)分为表面吸附和颗粒内扩散两个过程.相比于其他等温吸附方程,Langmuir方程能更好地描述BCS500对SO_4^(2-)的吸附行为,由Langmuir方程拟合所得BCS500的理论最大吸附量(52.13 mg·g^(-1))比BCS300的理论最大吸附量(31.46 mg·g^(-1))大.而计算所得热力学参数,如吉布斯自由能变&G_m<0,焓变&H_m<0和熵变&S_m>0,表明BCS500对SO_4^(2-)的吸附是一个自发、吸热且熵增加的过程;在25、35、45℃时,&G_m分别为-9.61、-12.50、-13.96 k J·mol^(-1),介于-20─0 k J·mol^(-1)之间,且反应为吸热反应,表明BCS500吸附SO_4^(2-)主要以物理吸附为主.