Efficacy and Safety of Lianhua Qingke Tablets in the Treatment of Long Coronavirus Disease (COVID) Cough: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Study

Lianhua Qingke tablets,a patented traditional Chinese medicine that has validated clinical efficacy for treating cough caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection,lack rigorous evidence-based research evaluating their effect on long coronavirus disease(COVID)cough.A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,multicenter clinical study was conducted among patients with long COVID cough from 19 hospitals and 23 community health centers in China.Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either Lianhua Qingke tablets or placebo orally for 14 days(four tablets,1.84 g,three times a day).The primary endpoint indicator was the disappearance of cough,with the remission of cough also considered.Among 482 randomized patients,480(full analysis set 480;per-protocol set 470;safety set 480)were included in the primary analysis.According to the full analysis,the time until cough disappearance was significantly shorter in the trial group than in the control group,with a significant increase in the 14-day cough disappearance rate.Accordingly,the time to cough remission was significantly shorter in the trial group than in the control group.The change in the total symptom score was significantly greater in the trial group than in the control group on days 7 and 14,consistent with the results indicated by the visual analog scale(VAS)and cough evaluation test(CET)scores.No serious adverse events were recorded during the study.Lianhua Qingke tablets significantly improved the clinical symptoms of patients with long COVID cough.

Superior laryngeal nerve block for treatment of throat pain and cough following laryngeal herpes zoster:A case report

BACKGROUND Herpes zoster is caused by reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus infection within the sensory nerve ganglion of the spinal or cranial nerves.Laryngeal herpes zoster is rare and involves superior laryngeal nerve,which leads to several complications such as throat pain,and cough.CASE SUMMARY Patient concerns:A 52-year old woman presented with a 70 d history of throat pain and a 67 d history of non-productive cough.Three days after onset of pain,she was diagnosed with laryngeal herpes zoster.Flexible nasolaryngoscopy revealed multiple white ulcerated lesions on the left hemi epiglottis and the left supraglottic area.She was prescribed with 750 mg famciclovir a day for 7 d,and 150 mg pregabalin,100 mg tramadol and 10 mg nortriptyline a day for 67 d.However,despite of these medications,she complained of pain and persistent cough.Therefore,superior laryngeal nerve block under ultrasound guidance was performed.Three days after the intervention,the throat pain and cough disappeared.The patient remained symptom-free at 3 mo follow-up.CONCLUSION A superior laryngeal nerve block can be an effective option for treatment of pain and cough following laryngeal herpes zoster.

Efficacy ofβ2-adrenergic receptor agonist combined with corticosteroid in the treatment of children with cough variant asthma

BACKGROUND Cough variant asthma(CVA)is one of the most common respiratory diseases in children,which has a serious impact on the quality of life and daily activities of children.For severe CVA,immunomodulatory drugs are needed.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of salmeterol combined with budesonide in the treatment of pediatric CVA.METHODS 130 children with CVA from January 2020 to December 2022 were prospectively selected and randomly divided into an observation group(salmeterol combined with budesonide)and a control group(budesonide combined with a placebo).Compare the clinical efficacy of two groups before and after intervention.The evaluation parameters include cough frequency score,nocturnal cough arousal,and lung function indicators.Serum inflammatory markers,immune function markers and airway anatomical indicators were also measured.RESULTS After the intervention,the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the cough frequency score and the night cough wake rate of the observation group were lower than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference.In addition,the changes of lung function indicators,serum markers and immune function markers in the observation group were better than those in the control group.CONCLUSION The clinical efficacy of salmeterol combined with Budesonide in the treatment of CVA is better than that of Budesonide alone.

SRC:Superior Robustness of COVID-19 Detection from Noisy Cough Data Using GFCC

This research is focused on a highly effective and untapped feature called gammatone frequency cepstral coefficients(GFCC)for the detection of COVID-19 by using the nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm of deer hunting optimization and artificial neural network(DHO-ANN).The noisy crowdsourced cough datasets were collected from the public domain.This research work claimed that the GFCC yielded better results in terms of COVID-19 detection as compared to the widely used Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient in noisy crowdsourced speech corpora.The proposed algorithm's performance for detecting COVID-19 disease is rigorously validated using statistical measures,F1 score,confusion matrix,specificity,and sensitivity parameters.Besides,it is found that the proposed algorithm using GFCC performs well in terms of detecting the COVID-19 disease from the noisy crowdsourced cough dataset,COUGHVID.Moreover,the proposed algorithm and undertaken feature parameters have improved the detection of COVID-19 by 5%compared to the existing methods.

A systemaic review and meta-analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic cough

Objective: To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of chronic cough. Methods: Databases CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library from inception to February 2021 were electronically searched by two researchers, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic cough, UACS/PNDS, CVA, EB, AC, GERD and other types of cough. Revman 5.3 software was used to analyze and summarize the collected literature, and the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by the bias risk assessment scale of Cochrance Collaboration Network. Results: A total of 26 articles involving 2 820 patients, with 1 420 in the experimental group and 1 400 in the control group were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared to the control group which was treated with western medicine alone, TCM significantly improved the clinical effective rate [RR=1.20, 95% CI(1.16,1.25), P<0.000 01], alleviated cough syndrome score [SMD=-0.83, 95% CI(-1.21,-0.44)], and enhenced the score of quality of life [MD=-2.18, 95%CI(1.63,2.74), P<0.000 01];at the same time, the experimental group was better than the control group in improving lung function and reducing the time of cough relief. In terms of safety, a total of 24 patients in 5 literatures had adverse reactions, but the symptoms were mild and could be relieved quickly. In addition, there was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the control group and the experimental group, showing good safety. Conclusion: TCM treatment can significantly improve the cure rate of cough, reduce cough score, improve systemic symptoms, relieve psychological anxiety, improve lung function, and improve cough symptoms rapidly, with good safety.

Experimental study on the regulation effect of Qiaoqin Qingfei agent on cough variant asthma based on airway neurogenic inflammation

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of regulation of airway neurogenic inflammation by Qiaoqin Qingfei agent in rats with cough variant asthma(CVA).Methods:48 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,montelukast sodium group(1.05 mg/kg)and high,medium and low dose groups(26,13,6.5 g/kg),with 8 rats in each group.The rat CVA model was established by the method of ovalbumin(OVA)combined with aluminum hydroxide(Al(OH)3)sensitization and repeated stimulation.From the second day of sensitization,the rat CVA model was given by gavage for 28 days.The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed under microscope by HE staining.The content changes of nerve growth factor(NGF)and substance P(SP)in alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were determined by double-antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA,and the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:Pathological findings showed significant inflammatory manifestations in the model group,and the inflammatory infiltration in the high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups of Qiaoqin Qingfei agent and montelukast sodium groups were alleviated to varying degrees.Compared with blank group,the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in lung tissue of model group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in lung tissue and the contents of NGF and SP in alveolar lavage fluid in high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups and montelukast sodium group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Qiaoqin Qingfei agent may reduce airway inflammation and relieve cough variant asthma by regulating the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in airway neurogenic inflammation.

丙泊酚复合低剂量艾司氯胺酮应用于无痛超声支气管镜检查的效果

目的:评估丙泊酚复合低剂量艾司氯胺酮应用于无痛超声支气管镜(EBUS)检查的效果。方法:纳入2022年4月至8月在郑州大学第一附属医院行无痛EBUS检查的96例患者(年龄18~65岁,BMI 18.5~28.0 kg/m^(2),ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级),随机分为艾司氯胺酮组和对照组,每组48例。对照组麻醉诱导方案为丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg+阿芬太尼30μg/kg+米库氯铵0.15 mg/kg,艾司氯胺酮组在此基础上加用艾司氯胺酮0.25 mg/kg;术中根据患者反应持续泵注瑞芬太尼0.25~4.00μg/(kg·min)和丙泊酚4~6 mg/(kg·h)。记录苏醒期呛咳程度和发生率,记录麻醉前、麻醉诱导后、超声支气管镜进入声门时、穿刺时和苏醒即刻的平均动脉压和心率,记录检查时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间及不良反应发生情况。结果:艾司氯胺酮组苏醒期呛咳程度及发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05);艾司氯胺酮组平均动脉压和心率波动幅度均小于对照组(P<0.05);艾司氯胺酮组低血压、心动过缓发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);两组检查时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间及不良反应发生率(包括心动过速、头晕、躁动、视力模糊)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:丙泊酚复合低剂量艾司氯胺酮能降低无痛EBUS检查苏醒期呛咳的发生,且血流动力学更稳定。

Effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on Th1/Th2 balance in cough variant asthma mice

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Glycyrrhetinic Acid on cough variant asthma(CVA)mice and to investigate the possible mechanism in reducing lung inflammation.Methods:48 young female Balb/c mice were divided into Control,CVA,Prednisone Acetate,Glycyrrhetinic Acid high-dose,Glycyrrhetinic Acid middle-dose and Glycyrrhetinic Acid lowdose groups randomly,with 8 mice in each group.The CVA mice model was established by ovalbumin(OVA)sensitization and OVA challenge,the animal asthma behavior was observed after drug administration,and the index of the lung of mice were recorded.The level of OVAsIgE in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was tested by ELISA.The pathological changes of the lung tissue were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)staining.The protein expressions of T-bet,IFN-γ,Gata3,IL-4 and IL-13 in the lung tissue were determined by Western blot.Results:Compared with the CVA group,the index of lung of mice,the OVA-sIgE level in BALF and expression levels of Th2-related factor in the lung tissue of mice in Prednisone Acetate and Glycyrrhetinic Acid groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue was reduced,while expressions of Th1-related factor in the lung tissue was significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Glycyrrhetinic acid has therapeutic effect on CVA mice,the underlying mechanism of Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviating lung impairment and airway inflammation may be associated with mediating the Th1/Th2 imbalance in the lung tissue.

FeNO联合TSLP对儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘与感染后咳嗽的鉴别价值及与小气道功能的关系

目的探究呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)联合胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)对儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)与感染后咳嗽(PIC)的鉴别价值,并分析FeNO、TSLP与CVA病情、小气道功能的关系,为临床诊疗提供有利依据。方法选取2021年6月至2023年4月郑州大学第一附属医院儿科诊治收治的90例CVA患儿作为CVA组,另选取同期90例PIC患儿作为PIC组。比较两组患儿的临床资料和FeNO、TSLP水平,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)分析FeNO联合TSLP对CVA与PIC的鉴别价值;比较CVA不同病情严重程度和病情阶段患儿的小气道功能[FEF25(%)、FEF50(%)、FEF75(%)、FEF25~75(%)]和FeNO、TSLP水平,采用Spearman和Pearson相关系数法分析FeNO、TSLP与CVA小气道功能、病情阶段、病情严重程度的相关性。结果CVA组患儿的FeNO、TSLP水平明显高于PIC组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);ROC分析结果显示,FeNO联合TSLP鉴别CVA与PIC的AUC最大(0.934),敏感度、特异度为87.78%、82.22%,明显高于各指标单独诊断(P<0.05);轻度组患儿的FEF25、FEF50、FEF75和FEF25~75>中度组>重度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);轻度组患儿的FeNO、TSLP水平<中度组<重度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);临床缓解期组患儿的FEF25、FEF50、FEF75、FEF25~75明显高于急性发作期组,FeNO、TSLP水平明显低于急性发作期组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关系数法分析结果显示,FeNO、TSLP与FEF25、FEF50、FEF75、FEF25~75均呈负相关(P<0.05);Spearman相关系数法分析结果显示,FeNO、TSLP与病情阶段、病情严重程度均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论与PIC患儿比较,CVA患儿FeNO、TSLP水平异常升高,其联合鉴别诊断CVA与PIC具有较高价值,且FeNO、TSLP水平与患儿病情、小气道功能密切相关。

孟鲁司特钠单用、布地奈德/福莫特罗单用及两者联用治疗对儿童咳嗽变异型哮喘的疗效比较

目的本研究旨在比较孟鲁司特钠(Mon)单用、布地奈德/福莫特罗(BF)单用及两者联用治疗儿童咳嗽变异型哮喘(CVA)的疗效。方法选取2021年6月至2023年6月北京市海淀医院诊治的CVA患儿为研究对象。根据治疗方案,将CVA患儿分为Mon组、BF组和联合组。观察治疗8周后的治疗总有效率(TER)、不良反应发生率(TAER)、咳嗽症状评分[日间咳嗽症状评分(DCSS)和夜间咳嗽症状评分(NCSS)]、免疫功能[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和免疫球蛋白E(IgE)]、肺功能[第1秒用力呼出气体容量(FEV_(1))、肺活量(FVC)和呼气峰值流速(PEF)]和血清嗜酸性粒细胞计数(EOS)。结果共选取180例CVA患儿,Mon组62例,BF组60例,联合组58例。治疗后,3组TER、TAER、DCSS、NCSS、血清TNF-α、血清IL-4和血清IgE水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。联合组患儿FEV_(1)、FVC和PEF显著高于Mon组和BF组(P<0.05),EOS显著低于Mon组和BF组(P<0.05);而Mon组和BF组FEV1、FVC、PEF和EOS学差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Mon或BF可有效改善CVA患儿咳嗽症状和免疫功能,其镇咳作用和抗炎作用同Mon和BF联用相似。此外,Mon和BF联用可进一步改善CVA患儿肺功能,减少血清EOS水平。

苏黄止咳胶囊联合盐酸西替利嗪片治疗感冒后咳嗽的效果

目的 探讨苏黄止咳胶囊联合盐酸西替利嗪片治疗感冒后咳嗽的效果。方法 选取2020年10月至2022年2月感冒后咳嗽患者90例,随机数字法分为3组,A组接受苏黄止咳胶囊治疗30例,B组接受盐酸西替利嗪片治疗30例,C组为上述药物联合应用治疗30例,对3组所得不同治疗结局进行分析。结果 3组治疗前咳嗽症状总评分、咳嗽视觉模拟评分、FeNO水平对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组治疗后咳嗽总评分、咳嗽视觉模拟评分,优于A、B组(P<0.05);A、B组治疗后咳嗽总评分、咳嗽视觉模拟评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组治疗后FeNO水平优于A、B组(P<0.05);A、B组治疗后FeNO水平对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组治疗有效率,高于A、B组(P<0.05);A、B组治疗有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B、C组治疗前EV1/FVC较治疗后显著偏低(P<0.05),组间EV1/FVC差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 感冒后咳嗽患者,使用苏黄止咳胶囊与盐酸西替利嗪片治疗,可有效改善患者临床咳嗽症状,提高治疗有效率,临床价值较为明显。

基于网络药理学探讨紫苏子—杏仁药对治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的作用机制

目的 基于网络药理学探讨紫苏子—杏仁药对治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)的潜在分子作用靶点及机制。方法 采用中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(TCMSP)数据库对紫苏子—杏仁药对的有效活性成分进行筛选,并采用SwissTargetPrediction网站进行靶点预测。采用GeneCards数据库检索CVA相关靶点,借助Venny 2.1.0获取交集靶点,对交集靶点分别运用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件和STRING数据库构建主要活性成分—潜在治疗靶基因网络图和PPI蛋白互作网络,并筛选出关键有效活性成分和核心靶蛋白,通过DAVID数据库对交集靶点进行GO功能及KEGG通路的富集分析。结果 筛选出紫苏子—杏仁药对有效成分19个,与CVA相关靶点224个,核心靶点为AKT1、IL-6、TP53、SRC、MAPK3、EGFR、JUN、PTGS2、HSP90AA1、ESR1。GO功能富集分析显示分子功能165个、细胞组分79个、生物过程630个。KEGG通路富集分析显示得到信号通路155条,主要涉及cAMP信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、癌症通路、化学致癌—受体激活通路、神经活性配体—受体相互作用等。结论 紫苏子—杏仁药对可通过多成分、多靶点、多通路的协同作用抗CVA。

名中医杨毅从“以平为期”理论探讨中医治疗肺癌思路

总结杨毅教授治疗肺癌的临床思路,临证时注重外感祛邪宣肺为要,因势利导。内伤调理脏腑为主,以平为安,辨证施治,匠心独运,验效颇丰。现择取杨师验案进行分析,为治疗肺癌拓宽思路,提高临床疗效。

调和五脏辨治咳嗽浅析

咳嗽既是一种独立疾病,又是一种临床常见病症,可见于多种其他疾病,若咳嗽反复发作、迁延不愈会严重影响人们的工作和生活。本课题组基于“五脏六腑皆令人咳”理论,在临证实践过程中,审病因以分外感内伤,析主症以辨寒热虚实,参兼症以定五脏六腑,尤善于剖析五脏致咳病机,辨析咳嗽脏腑病位,注重调和脏腑功能,明析痰液性质,重视宣降肺气,恢复肺之宣肃而达到治疗咳嗽的目的。文章总结了本课题组调和五脏辨治咳嗽的经验成果。

从“阳化气,阴成形”探讨慢性咳嗽之因机证治

慢性咳嗽是以咳嗽为主症或唯一症状、病程持续8周以上的呼吸系统疾病。慢性咳嗽病因复杂,病程较长,病势缠绵,且极易复发。西医诊断该病过程繁琐,治疗手段有限,而中医药以整体观念和辨证论治思想为指导,在缓解临床症状、预防疾病复发方面具有独特优势。该文以“阳化气,阴成形”为抓手,分析阴阳在慢性咳嗽因机证治全周期的重要意义,认为慢性咳嗽之病机关键为“阳化气,阴成形”功能失衡,以肺之气血失和、阴阳虚损为本,阳化而气行不畅、周流有碍,阴变而凝结停滞、壅塞肺络为标。治疗上,需要补肺、脾、肾阴阳之不足,泄气滞、水湿、痰饮、瘀血、热毒之有余,以恢复“阳化气,阴成形”之平衡。具体用药方面,主张以偏纠偏,以药物气味之偏性纠正人体阴阳之偏颇。另附典型医案二例,加以验证说明,以期为中医药防治慢性咳嗽提供新的诊疗思路和方法。

小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘标准治疗后停药1年复发的影响因素及其交互效应

目的研究咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患儿标准治疗后停药一年复发的影响因素及其交互效应。方法回顾性分析2018年1月-2020年1月玉林市红十字会医院收治的167例CVA患儿的临床资料,所有患儿均接受吸入性糖皮质激素(ICS)规范治疗(疗程≥6个月),停药后随访观察≥2年,按照患儿2年的随访结果,将CVA标准治疗后停药1年复发的98例患儿纳为CVA复发组,69例未复发纳为CVA未复发组,进行对照研究,分析CVA复发影响因素及其交互效应。结果单因素分析得出两组患儿反复呼吸道感染病史、变应性鼻炎、过敏性皮炎及停药时呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析得出,有反复呼吸道感染病史(OR=4.543,P=0.001)、有变应性鼻炎(OR=7.146,P<0.001)、FeNO>20.00 ppb(OR=3.770,P=0.001)为CVA标准治疗后停药一年复发独立危险因素。反复呼吸道感染病史与变应性鼻炎、反复呼吸道感染病史与FeNO、变应性鼻炎与FeNO的交互作用指数S分别为2.152、1.527、1.397。结论有反复呼吸道感染、变应性鼻炎和FeNO>20.00ppb均是影响CVA标准治疗后停药1年复发的影响因素,且两两因素间有正向交互作用。

温润辛金方治疗微寒恋肺型咳嗽变异型哮喘的临床疗效研究

目的:观察温润辛金方治疗微寒恋肺型咳嗽变异型哮喘(CVA)的临床疗效及安全性,为CVA的中医临床治疗提供依据和思路。方法:选取2017年6月~2019年12月期间于某院就诊的60例微寒恋肺型CVA患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组给予沙美特罗替卡松吸入粉雾剂,观察组给予温润辛金方,两组均治疗6周。观察两组患者的中医证候疗效以及不良反应,比较两组患者治疗前后呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)及咳嗽症状积分的变化。结果:对照组和观察组分别脱落2例和4例。两组临床治疗总有效率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组咳嗽症状积分、FeNO均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组咳嗽症状积分低于对照组(P<0.05),但两组FeNO水平比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。观察组有2例患者在服药期间出现恶心等胃部不适,嘱其改为饭后服药后症状消失;对照组有2例患者出现轻微不良反应,但不影响后续治疗。结论:温润辛金方可有效改善微寒恋肺型CVA患者的临床症状和咳嗽症状积分,临床疗效较佳且安全性良好。

咳嗽峰流量在临床中的应用现状及未来研究方向展望

咳嗽是一种正常的保护机制,用于清除气管或支气管中的分泌物和吸入的异物,有效的咳嗽可有效预防肺部感染和肺不张,然而目前临床较少有指标可用以客观评价病人的咳嗽能力。咳嗽峰流量凭借测量的可重复性、经济性和易用性已经在多个领域展现了它的应用价值,主要综述咳嗽峰流量在临床的应用现状,并对其未来的研究方向做出展望。

极低剂量右美托咪定对老年患者全身麻醉苏醒期呛咳的影响

目的探讨极低剂量右美托咪定对老年患者颈动脉支架置入术(CAS)全身麻醉苏醒期呛咳的影响。方法选择择期行CAS的无症状单侧重度颈动脉狭窄老年患者111例,男75例,女36例,年龄≥65岁,BMI 18~32 kg/m^(2),ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组:右美托咪定组(D组,n=55)和对照组(C组,n=56)。D组于麻醉诱导前给予右美托咪定0.2~0.5μg/kg,麻醉诱导后至手术结束前30 min静脉输注极低剂量右美托咪定0.1~0.2μg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1);C组不给予右美托咪定。两组麻醉方案及术中用药方案相同。记录麻醉诱导前15 min(T_(0))、麻醉诱导后5 min(T_(1))、支架置入前5 min(T_(2))、支架置入后5 min(T_(3))、气管拔管后5 min(T_(4))的MAP和HR。记录术中丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼用量、麻醉苏醒期呛咳、躁动、呼吸抑制(SpO_(2)<90%)、拔管时间以及术后穿刺处感染、术后24 h VAS疼痛评分、术后恶心呕吐的发生情况。结果与C组比较,D组T_(1)、T_(2)时MAP明显升高,T_(3)、T_(4)时MAP明显降低,T_(1)、T_(3)、T_(4)时HR明显减慢(P<0.05),术中丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.05),麻醉苏醒期呛咳、躁动发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。两组呼吸抑制发生率、拔管时间、术后24 h VAS疼痛评分以及术后恶心呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义,两组均未发生术后穿刺处感染。结论极低剂量右美托咪定可有效维持术中血流动力学稳定性,降低麻醉苏醒期呛咳、躁动发生率,且不增加术后不良反应,提高全身麻醉苏醒质量。

时毓民教授治疗小儿慢性咳嗽临证经验

时毓民教授认为,慢性咳嗽的病位在肺脾肾,其本质在于肺脾肾虚。文章从降中有宣以调气机、分别清解肺之余邪、活血化瘀贯穿始终、润肺止咳相佐为用、重视温阳滋肾纳气、益气滋阴固本善后六个方面总结时教授论治小儿慢性咳嗽的临证经验,并附验案一则。