Near resonance vibration isolation on a levered-dual response(LEDAR)Coulomb-damped system by differential preloads/offsets in linear springs

The levered-dual response(LEDAR)Coulomb-damped system attains near resonant vibration isolation by differential preloads/offsets in linear springs.It takes the advantages of both the preloads/offsets in linear springs and the guiderail friction for realizing different levels of vibration isolation.The isolation capacities are investigated on the strategies with both the horizontal and vertical guiderails,with the horizontal rail only,and without guiderails.The compressive preloads generally result in the consumption of most of the initial excitation energy so as to overcome the potential threshold.The isolation onsets at the frequency ratio of 1∓0.095 on the left-hand side(LHS)and the right-hand side(RHS)of the lever are relative to the load plate connector.The observed near resonant isolation thus makes the LEDAR system a candidate for the isolation of the mechanical systems about resonance while opening a path for simultaneous harvesterisolation functions and passive functions at extreme frequencies.

The Effect of Mass Ratio and Air Damper Characteristics on the Resonant Response of an Air Damped Dynamic Vibration Absorber

In this paper, it is shown that, a road vehicle 2DOF air damped quartercar suspension system can conveniently be transformed into a 2DOF air damped vibrating system representing an air damped dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) with an appropriate change in the ratio μ of the main mass and the absorber mass i.e. when mass ratio μ >> 1. Also the effect of variation of the mass ratio, air damping ratio and air spring rate ratio, on the motion transmissibility at the resonant frequency of the main mass of the DVA has been dis- cussed. It is shown that, as the air damping ratio in the absorber system increases, there is a substantial decrease in the motion transmissibility of the main mass system where the air damper has been modeled as a Maxwell type. Optimal value of the air damping ratio for the minimum motion transmissibility of the main mass of the system has been determined. An experimental setup has been designed and developed with a control system to vary air pressure in the damper in the absorber system. The motion transmissibility characteristics of the main mass system have been obtained, and the optimal value of the air damping ratio has been determined for minimum motion transmissibility of the main mass of the

Vibration transmissibility characteristics of smart spring vibration isolation system

The objective of this work was to study the vibration transmissibility characteristics of the undamped and damped smart spring systems. The frequency response characteristics of them were analyzed by using the equivalent linearization technique, and the possible types of the system motion were distinguished by using the starting and ending frequencies. The influences of system parameters on the vibration transmissibility characteristics were discussed. The following conclusions may be drawn from the analysis results. The undamped smart spring system may simultaneously have one starting frequency and one ending frequency or only have one starting frequency, and the damped system may simultaneously have two starting frequencies and one ending frequency. There is an optimal control parameter to make the peak value of the vibration transmissibility curve of the system be minimum. When the mass ratio is far away from the stiffness ratio, the vibration transmissibility is small. The effect of the damping ratio on the system vibration transmissibility is significant while the control parameter is less than its optimal value. But the influence of the relative damping ratio on the vibration transmissibility is small.

一种小动静比橡胶隔振器仿真与试验

通过隔振器内部结构设计,在保证承载能力的同时降低橡胶隔振器的动态刚度。开展橡胶隔振器的静态变形、在给定静变形下的动态仿真分析,表明该隔振器在静态力-位移曲线上具有负斜率特性,对应隔振器内部结构的失稳变形;进行隔振器的静压试验、动态试验和隔振系统中的振动传递试验,结果表明,静态力-位移曲线试验结果呈现负斜率特性,在静态曲线上不同工作点处的固有频率呈现负斜率处最小的特性。

空间制冷机被动隔振装置设计及仿真

遥感卫星的发展让空间制冷机的应用愈发广泛,制冷机在为探测器提供所需温度环境的同时也带来了微振动干扰,严重时会影响探测器性能,因此,需要对制冷机的微振动进行抑制.基于松弛型阻尼器和三点均布支撑的布局形式,设计了制冷机被动隔振装置,分析了装置的隔振性能,对比了动力学模型和有限元模型的传递特性.研究结果表明,所设计的被动隔振装置对制冷机主频、二倍频、三倍频隔振效率分别达到90%、95%、97%,本文对空间制冷机的被动隔振装置工程设计具有参考意义.

橡胶颗粒改良流态粉煤灰路基隔振性能研究

为解决铁路列车运行引发的路基与地基振害问题,基于阻尼耗能原理设计一种新型橡胶颗粒改良流态粉煤灰(FAR)路基。通过室内配合比试验,制备满足工程路用性能要求的FAR路基材料;采用瞬态激振方法测试FAR路基材料的阻尼比,分析橡胶颗粒掺量对FAR路基材料阻尼特性的影响规律,揭示FAR路基的阻尼耗能机理;采用COMSOL有限元软件建立轨道-路基-地基三维耦合数值模型,对比研究普通路基与橡胶颗粒掺量为5%、10%和15%的FAR路基动应力和振动加速度的传播规律,分析验证FAR路基的隔振性能。研究结果表明:橡胶颗粒的掺入降低了FAR路基材料的强度和干密度,掺量不超过固体混合料质量的15%时,路基基本物理力学性能可满足铁路工程应用要求。橡胶颗粒的黏弹特性使FAR路基内部动应力发生损耗或衰减,路基阻尼比随橡胶颗粒掺量增加而增大,且橡胶颗粒掺量相同时,橡胶颗粒粒径越小FAR路基的阻尼比越大,推荐采用150目橡胶颗粒。相比普通路基,FAR路基基床底层、路基土体和地基土体的动应力均有减小,衰减幅值为10%~30%,可有效避免路基动弹变形、地基振陷等灾害发生;FAR路基振动主频范围内地面振动加速度级减小2~6 dB,最高达到83 dB,验证了新型FAR路基的良好隔振性能。研究结果可为铁路FAR路基的隔振设计与铁路路基的安全运营提供参考。

Reducing force transmissibility in multiple degrees of freedom structures through anti-symmetric nonlinear viscous damping

In the present study, the Volterra series theory is adopted to theoretically investigate the force transmissibility of multiple degrees of freedom （MDOF） structures, in which an isolator with nonlinear anti-symmetric viscous damping is assembled. The results reveal that the anti-symmetric nonlinear viscous damping can significantly reduce the force trans- missibility over all resonance regions for MDOF structures with little effect on the transmissibility over non-resonant and isolation regions. The results indicate that the vibration isolators with an anti-symmetric damping characteristic have great potential to solve the dilemma occurring in the design of linear viscously damped vibration isolators where an increase of the damping level reduces the force transmissibility over resonant frequencies but increases the transmissibility over non-resonant frequency regions. This work is an extension of a previous study in which MDOF structures installed on the mount through an isolator with cubic nonlinear damping are considered. The theoretical analysis results are also verified by simulation studies.

Effects of anti-symmetric nonlinear viscous damping on the force transmissibility of multi-degree of freedom structures

In the present study, the concept of the output frequency response function is applied to theoretically investigate the force transmissibility of multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) structures with a nonlinear anti-symmetric viscous damping. The results reveal that an anti-symmetric nonlinear viscous damping can significantly reduce the transmissibility over all resonance regions for MDOF structures while it has almost no effect on the transmissibility over non-resonant and isolation regions. The results indicate that the vibration isolators with an anti-symmetric damping characteristic have great potential to overcome the dilemma in the design of linear viscously damped vibration isolators where an increase of the damping level reduces the force transmissibility over resonant region but increases the transmissibility over non-resonant regions.

几何非线性黏性阻尼隔振系统的传递率特性

针对传统舰载非线性隔振系统中存在的抑制共振峰值和改善高频传递特性相矛盾的问题,首先,建立了包含非线性刚度、库伦阻尼和几何非线性黏性阻尼的非线性隔振系统数学模型,采用谐波平衡法进行解析求解;其次,对比分析了线性阻尼、库伦阻尼和几何非线性阻尼对隔振系统传递特性的影响规律,进一步研究了激励幅值对不同阻尼隔振系统振动性能的影响;最后,通过振动试验进行了验证。结果表明:增加系统库伦阻尼,虽然能够降低软特性隔振系统共振区传递率,但会导致硬特性隔振系统出现“频率岛”现象,同时高频隔振性能下降,而且随着激励幅值的增加,共振区隔振性能随之变差;增加系统几何非线性黏性阻尼,不仅能够有效降低共振区传递率峰值,而且能够保证高频区良好的隔振性能;几何非线性黏性阻尼拓宽了系统对激励幅值的适用范围,为非线性隔振系统设计提供了指导作用。

High-static-low-dynamic-stiffness vibration isolation enhanced by damping nonlinearity

High-static-low-dynamic-stiffness(HSLDS) nonlinear isolators have proven to have an advantage over linear isolators, because HSLDS nonlinear isolators allow low-frequency vibration isolation without compromising the static stiffness. Previously, these isolators have generally been assumed to have linear viscous damping, degrading the performance of the isolator at high frequencies. An alternative is to use nonlinear damping, where the nonlinear behavior is achieved by configuring linear dampers so they are orthogonally aligned to the excitation direction. This report compares the performances of single-stage and two-stage isolators with this type of damping with the corresponding isolators containing only linear viscous damping. The results show that both isolators with linear viscous damping and nonlinear damping reduce the transmissibility around the resonance frequencies, but the results show that the isolators with nonlinear damping perform better at high frequencies.

分段阻尼隔振系统的动力学特性分析

针对传统线性隔振器在降低共振峰值的同时会牺牲隔振性能的矛盾,设计了一种含分段阻尼的隔振器.首先,采用移动凸轮变阻尼装置,通过凸轮廓线的设计使系统的垂向阻尼系数的受振动位移大小控制并呈现分段线性特征,分析了该装置的阻尼特性.然后将分段阻尼装置应用于隔振器中,建立了含分段阻尼的积极隔振系统模型及其动力学方程,通过能量等效原理求出了分段阻尼系统的等效线性阻尼系数,求解了简谐力激励下系统响应的理论解,并用四阶龙格-库塔法数值仿真验证了理论解的正确性.最后研究了分段阻尼隔振系统的动态特性,分析了主要参数对幅频响应特性与力传递率特性的影响.结果表明,通过合理的参数选择,分段阻尼隔振器可兼顾无阻尼隔振器与线性阻尼隔振器的优点,既能有效降低系统的共振峰值,又能保证高频区域的优秀隔振性能,为新型非线性隔振器的设计提供了理论依据.

移动凸轮变阻尼隔振装置动态性能研究

针对线性隔振器在共振区需要大阻尼才能抑制共振峰,但在高频区大阻尼不利于隔振的问题,提出了基于移动凸轮的变阻尼隔振装置,该装置主要由水平对称布置的线性阻尼器及移动凸轮组成。将该变阻尼装置用于消极隔振系统,推导了变阻尼装置的等效阻尼系数,建立了隔振系统的动力学方程,采用谐波平衡法得到了方程的近似解析解;通过盛金法及数值仿真得到了其位移传递率曲线,分析了主要参数对系统隔振性能的影响。与传统的线性隔振器相比,选取合适的设计参数的变阻尼隔振系统,能更有效地抑制共振峰,同时还可以在中、高频区取得很好的隔振效果,最后以车辆为例,验证了前述结论。

地铁浮置板用隔振器疲劳性能研究

钢弹簧浮置板是城市轨道交通建设中大量采用的一种减振降噪极佳的线路设计整改方案。为研究实际服役情况下钢弹簧隔振器对于浮置板道床安全性能的影响,通过钢弹簧隔振器的服役性能试验测试关键力学参数用来表征其服役状况,结合基于ABAQUS软件建立钢弹簧浮置板有限元分析模型研究不同工况下的浮置板道床动力特性。

用于整星隔振效果评价的隔振器影响系数指标研究

对整星隔振系统的隔振效果评价指标(振动传递率、隔振器振级落差、功率流等)进行分析,通过实例证明采用隔振器底端到顶端的传递率来评价隔振效果是不充分的,而采用隔振器振级落差、功率流等指标也在实际应用中存在各自的局限性。在分析隔振器影响系数的基础上,提出一种改进的隔振器影响系数指标,并采用位移导纳表达改进的隔振器影响系数。以自行设计的新型整星隔振平台为例,采用改进的隔振器影响系数指标进行隔振效果预测,结果表明:改进的隔振器影响系数指标可以更加简单直观地表现出整星隔振平台的隔振性能。

卫星遥感器微振动隔离用液体阻尼隔振器

针对卫星平台的微振动,提出了具有良好高频衰减及共振峰控制性能的松驰型液体阻尼隔振器。建立了松弛型液体阻尼隔振模型,从传递率的角度分析了提出的松驰型液体阻尼隔振器与传统隔振模型的区别。使用波纹管提供刚度及密封,基于小孔阻尼结构形式,设计了松弛型液体阻尼隔振器并求解了系统的阻尼因子。对所设计的隔振器进行了传递率测试,结果表明,松弛型液体阻尼隔振器在共振频率处能够提供大阻尼,将共振放大倍数控制在2倍以内;在高频隔振区能提供小阻尼,100Hz衰减率超过95%,隔振性能优于传统隔振器。得到的结果和理论预测吻合较好。该项研究对松弛型液体阻尼隔振器的设计以及其在遥感器微振动隔离的应用上具有很强的指导作用。

非线性迟滞阻尼对隔振系统力传递特性影响

为提高系统隔振性能,研究摩擦阻尼在几何非线性条件下产生的迟滞阻尼(结构阻尼)对力传递特性影响。区别于传统单自由度隔振系统,采用含基础质量影响的两自由度无约束隔振系统模型进行阻尼力特性研究。用平均法求解运动方程,获得系统频率-响应幅值方程,以此导出系统力传递率及力位移传递率表达式。理论结果表明,质量、阻尼与激励频率为影响传递率主要因素。与粘滞阻尼相比,迟滞阻尼隔振效果更好,不仅能降低共振区响应,亦能改善高频区隔振性能。对运动方程进行扫频激励下数值仿真,获得力传递特性数值解。结果显示仿真结果与理论结果吻合良好,几何非线性阻尼隔振系统具有良好隔振性能。

双层隔振系统隔振效果实验分析

针对出口内燃动车动力包采用的双层隔振系统的隔振效果问题,根据优化的双层隔振系统刚度,对动力包双层隔振系统进行了地面台架实验。利用三向加速度传感器测试动力包各运行工况下机组振动烈度测点和1级、2级隔振器上下测点的加速度值,从机组的振动烈度、1级、2级各隔振器的振级落差和动态减振力有效值随转速变化关系分析了双层隔振系统的隔振效果。结果表明,双层隔振系统优化的刚度结果隔振效果良好,能满足实际工程的需要。

钢丝绳隔振器综合力学性能试验研究

针对某电子器件同时承受强振动和过载的隔振设计要求,通过试验研究三种不同刚度的钢丝绳隔振器兼顾隔振、隔冲和抗过载的综合能力。试验结果表明,刚度较大的隔振器在承受高量级随机激励时具有一定的隔振能力、抗冲击和过载的性能较好。钢丝绳隔振器具有明显的非线性特性,只能对其进行特定条件下的参数识别。

几何非线性摩擦阻尼隔振系统动力学行为研究

非线性隔振系统由于具有较线性系统更优的隔振性能,因此在工程中应用广泛.本文通过配置与被隔振对象的运动方向相垂直的库伦摩擦阻尼器,构建了几何非线性摩擦阻尼模型.由于引入了几何非线性,因此其摩擦力与位移正相关,这与传统与位移无关摩擦力模型有显著不同.首先,建立了具有几何非线性摩擦阻尼的数学模型以及隔振系统的受迫振动方程;然后,使用谐波平衡法求解了动力学方程,并使用数值仿真方法验证了谐波平衡法求解的准确性;最后,研究了几何非线性摩擦阻尼隔振器的绝对位移传递率和相对位移传递率.研究结果表明,在库伦摩擦阻尼选择适当,非线性摩擦阻尼系统可以在保持高频振动衰减效果的前提下,显著降低系统共振峰,其性能优于传统的恒定摩擦阻尼隔振模型.同时,几何非线性摩擦阻尼系统能够避免传统摩擦阻尼系统中的"锁定"现象,从传递率角度来说,不利于共振峰控制;但从激励环境改变引发隔振系统失效的角度来看,几何非线性摩擦阻尼系统可以拓宽系统对激励幅值的适应范围,避免隔振系统失效.本文的研究结果对此类隔振系统的设计和摩擦阻尼参数的选择具有通用的指导意义.

电子器件隔振设计实验研究

为了使精密电子产品在恶劣的环境下能够正常工作,必须对其采用适当的隔振措施。本文对某电子器件的三种不同隔振设计进行了试验研究,重点对比了不同设计在随机振动、正弦扫频振动环境下的隔振性能。试验结果表明,钢丝绳隔振器具有强的非线性特性,不同设计的隔振效果差异非常明显。采用阻尼板的设计方案,虽然隔振效果较好,但其加工难度较大,对使用环境要求较高。采用钢丝绳隔振器加铝质仪表板的设计方案,隔振效果较好,但由此带来其它的相关问题需要设计人员权衡考虑。