Present Situation and Development Counter-measures for Hybrid Rice in Indonesia

Rice production, hybrid rice development, breeding, production of hybrid seeds, and popularization condition were introduced in this study. The chief obstacles preventing hybrid rice from growing have been found and the concerned countermeasures were put forward.

Considerations on the Research of and Counter-measures Against Biotic Invasion

This article gives a brief introduction to the damage brought about by biotic invasion and its causes, and analyzes its impact on national development, ecological safety and the production of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. In addition, it expounds the necessity, urgency and cardinal significance in promoting related scientific research in this country. The authors stress that research work should be concentrated on the ecological effects of non-indigenous species in the light of the national demands, world research frontiers and high-tech application. That involves the process of an invasive organism's immigration and propagation, short-term evolution, latent buildup, ecological adaptation, competition and outbreak as well as the process in which the new ecosystem's original structure and functions unfold their role of rejection and assimilation.

Integrated Debris Flow Disaster Mitigation—A Comprehensive Method for Debris Flow Disaster Mitigation

Integrated disaster mitigation needs interpreting torrent catchment areas as complex landscape systems. The history of valley-evolution shows the influence of climate and vegetation on the valley-evolution. The energy-concept (energy dissipation concept including the idea of the energy-line) is used for a simple explanation of debris flow. Examples of heavy debris flow disasters in controlled torrents in the Alps and Pyrenees give hints, which expanding the time scale can show that side-effects restrict or counteract the mitigation measures. A pallet of different mitigation measures to avoid or to reduce some of the side-effects is shown. The comprehensive method of disaster mitigation also includes the effect of vegetation. The pallet includes: avoiding hazards (hazard mapping, warning and alarming), appropriate land use and avoiding disaster-enhancing measures in the landscape and technical measures, which take into account their side-effects. The energy line is used as simple design theory. The Jiu-Jitsu Principle is explained too. With this comprehensive method a more sustainable reduction of disasters seems possible.

设置专业选修课的原因初探(英文)

Specialized optional courses serve the purpose of perfecting knowledge structure,improving students quality,promoting the development of individual character.This article discusses the embarassment of the specialized optional courses from the point of view of understanding the courses,programing of the courses,students' pressure,teachers' background knowledge and examing system first,then offers some counter-measures from the point of view of strengthen attitude,necessary interference,teaching methods,flexible examing system and strict examing system.

Analyzing Environmental Stress Counter-measures in Agricultural Heritage Sites in China

In recent years, with climate change, many agricultural systems are facing severe environmental stress, which are seriously threatening the food security and sustainable development of agricultural system. Although mainstream agro-system can effectively reduce the adverse agro-production effect rapidly by using modern technology, but many of them bring serious ecological crisis at the same time. For the sustainable development of agro-systems, the stress mitigation options must give full consideration to ecological protection. The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） sites, relying on its unique land use, water conservancy facilities, traditional crops, etc., form unique production system creating a better match with local natural conditions. Based on disaster mitigation system theory and practice, this paper analyzes environmental stress counter-measures of several GIAHS sites in China. The water requirement of milet, a drought-tolerant crop in Aohan Dryland Farming System （recognized as a GIAHS pilot site in 2012）, has a better match with local water conditions. By reducing vulnerability of crops, agriculture survived healthily in semi-arid regions. Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System （recognized as a GIAHS pilot site in 2010）, relying on the unique land and water use patterns, has successfully reshape disaster inducing environment, and effectively reduce the risk/effects of droughts. Besides, due to the high price, rich crop diversity and variety of income channel, the Agricultural Heritage sites can ensure the economic income and agro-system health when facing environmental stress. Stress counter-measures of traditional agricultural systems make full use of the regulation and spontaneity ability of the natural system, which is an important way to achieve sustainable development of ecological agriculture.

Comprehensive System for Urban Flood Prevention in China and Counter-measures to Reduce Calamities

By reviewing the general state of urban flood calamities of the past 40 years and more, this article tries to explore the causes of urban flood, especitlly the man-made factors. It puts forward the ideas of setting up a comprehensive system for urban flood prevention. This comprehensive system consists of six sub-systems such as: 1) command system; 2) system of flood control and drainage works; 3) system of keeping away of flood and coping with flood; 4) system of flood forecast; 5) flood -fighting and rescue system; 6) flood-preventing legislative and insurance system. This article also puts forward the counter-measures to avert floods and reduce the calamities.I.The General State of Urban Flood Calamities for the Last Few Years in