Use of a Public Fishing Area Determined by Vehicle Counters with Verification by Trail Cameras

This study was performed in order to determine visitation at remote areas that would be unaffordable due to logistic reasons. Four TrafxTM vehicle counters, each programmed with different settings, were placed along the lone access road to remotely sense the daily use activities and count accuracy at the New Underwood Lake Public Water Access Area. Use was corroborated during daylight hours with game cameras. Data was stratified between weekdays/weekends due to differences between the two periods. Two counter settings, threshold and delay, were best when set at a value of 8, but a value of 16 for delay provided almost equal results. Overall, there were 38 counts of use per day for a total of 2318 over the 61 day period. This study demonstrated how vehicle counters, in combination with game cameras for verification, can aid managers for determining use in remote access areas. Future work may lead to identifying details for producing a surrogate to traditional angler use surveys.

Accuracy of the automated cell counters for management of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

AIM： To evaluate the accuracy of automated blood cell counters for ascitic polymorphonuclear （PMN） determination for： （1） diagnosis, （2） efficacy of the ongoing antibiotic therapy, and （3） resolution of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis （SBP）. METHODS： One hundred and twelve ascitic fluid samples were collected from 52 consecutive cirrhotic patients, 16 of them with SBP. The agreement between the manual and the automated method for PMN count was assessed. The sensitivity/specificity and the positive/negative predictive value of the automated blood cell counter were also calculated by considering the manual method as the ＂gold standard＂ RESULTS： The mean ＋ SD of the difference between manual and automated measurements was 7.8 4- 58 cells/ram3, while the limits of agreement were ＋124 cells/mm3 [95% confidence interval （CI）： ＋145 to ＋103] and -108 cells/mm3 （95% CI： -87 to -129）. The automated cell counter had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97.7% in diagnosing SBP, and a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 100% for the efficacy of the ongoing antibiotic therapy. The two methods showed a complete agreement for the resolution of infection. CONCLUSION： Automated cell counters not only have a good diagnostic accuracy, but are also very effectivein monitoring the antibiotic treatment in patients with SBP. Because of their quicker performance, they should replace the manual counting for PMN determination in the ascitic fluid of patients with SBP.

Experimental investigation on the radiation background inside body counters

In vivo measurement of radioactivity based on various body counters is arguably the leading measure used to determine the distribution and activity of radionuclides in human subjects,such as I-131 in the thyroid,Am-241 in the lungs,and Pb-210 in the skull.Throughout the measurements,the radiation background is the key factor that determines the sensitivity of the counter.Therefore,to facilitate in vivo measurements,a well-designed shielding room is required to create a low-background environment.However,because the compositions of the radiation background are quite complicated,the respective contributions from each source remain obscure,which places a considerable burden on seeking an optimized design of shielding rooms that strikes the optimum balance between the construction cost and background suppression effect.In this study,we conducted a systematic experimental investigation on the radiation background outside and inside four representative body counters with assorted designs using a variety of radiation detectors,including high-purity germanium detectors,CdZnTe detector,radon emanometer,and gamma-ray dosimeter.By carefully controlling the experimental conditions and synergetic analysis of the measurement results,in conjunction with previous studies,we separated and determined the relative contributions induced by environmental radiation(4%),airborne radon and its daughters(2%),the normal radioactivity of human subjects arising from K-40(58%),cosmic rays(12%),and radioactivity in shielding materials and measuring instruments(24%).Furthermore,based on these results,we discuss practical guidelines to design a shielding room for body counters.

Performance Evaluation of Four Commercial Optical Particle Counters

The performances of four optical particles counters, Aerosol Spectrometer (Grimm 1.108), Enviro Check (Grimm 1.107), DustMonit and ParticleScan, were evaluated in laboratory tests employing monodisperse aerosol particles. The study focused on how commercial instruments perform during routine measurements respect to OPC scientific understanding, because it is important for users of such instruments to be aware of their limitations. Measurements were performed using aerosol generated by a Monodisperse Aerosol Generator (MAGE), which produced carnauba wax particles of diameter (1.00 ± 0.08) μm and (1.40 ± 0.15) μm, and monodisperse Polystyrene Latex (PSL) aerosol with nominal diameter of 1.0mm. The results show comparable total particle number concentrations for all the counters, when the count of the first size channel (0.3 - 0.4 μm) for the 1.108 Grimm counter was left out. In the said channel the Grimm counter 1.108 always showed much higher particle counts than those inferred from the tested aerosols. The overcount was proved by the fact that the aerosol sampled in each test on a Nuclepore filter showed no particles in the 0.3 - 0.4 μm range when examined under Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM). The presence of an artefact produced by the counter was assumed as a likely explanation. For all the counters, the Count Median Diameters (CMDs) of aerosol size distributions, were far below the expected value for the aerosol used. The nearest CMD values to the expected ones were shown by the Grimm 1.107 counter.

Method to Measure Indoor Radon Concentration in an Open Volume with Geiger-Mueller Counters: Analysis from First Principles

A simple method employing a pair of pancake-style Geiger-Mueller (GM) counters for quantitative measurement of radon activity concentration (activity per unit volume) is described and demonstrated. The use of two GM counters, together with the basic theory derived in this paper, permit the detection of alpha particles from decay of and progeny ( 218Po, 214Po) and the conversion of the alpha count rate into a radon concentration. A unique feature of this method, in comparison with standard methodologies to measure radon concentration, is the absence of a fixed control volume. Advantages afforded by the reported GM method include: 1) it provides a direct in-situ value of radon level, thereby eliminating the need to send samples to an external testing laboratory;2) it can be applied to monitoring radon levels exhibiting wide short-term variability;3) it can yield short-term measurements of comparable accuracy and equivalent or higher precision than a commercial radon monitor sampling by passive diffusion;4) it yields long-term measurements statistically equivalent to commercial radon monitors;5) it uses the most commonly employed, overall least expensive, and most easily operated type of nuclear instrumentation. As such, the method is par-ticularly suitable for use by researchers, public health personnel, and home dwellers who prefer to monitor indoor radon levels themselves. The results of a consecutive 30-day sequence of 24 hour mean radon measurements by the proposed GM method and a commercial state-of-the-art radon monitor certified for radon testing are compared.

Fuzzy Reasoning Methods by Choosing Different Fuzzy Counters and Analysis of Effect

Different fuzzy reasoning methods were gave by choosing different fuzzy counters.This article generally introduced the basic structure of fuzzy controller,and compared and analysised the reasoning effect of fuzzy reasoning methods and the effect of computer simulating control basicly on different fuzzy counters.

Use counters to model the addition of integers

HANDS-ON LAB You can use positive and negative counters to model the addition of integers.The counter + represents 1,and the counter - represents-1.Remember that addition means combining two sets.ACTIVITY Work with a partner.

EFFECT OF PARTICLE REFRACTIVE INDEX ON THE ACCURACY OF AEROSOL MEASUREMENT WITH OPTICAL PARTICLE COUNTERS

The optical particle counter (OPC) is widely used in the measurement of aerosol. The calculation results of response curves for several commercial counters indicate that these curves are quite sensitive to the refractive index, especially to its imaginary part. If the particle sizes were determined with the cali-

Interference Analysis of Co-Located Container Workloads:A Perspective from Hardware Performance Counters

Workload characterization is critical for resource management and scheduling.Recently,with the fast development of container technique,more and more cloud service providers like Google and Alibaba adopt containers to provide cloud services,due to the low overheads.However,the characteristics of co-located diverse services(e.g.,interactive on-line services,off-line computing services)running in containers are still not clear.In this paper,we present a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of co-located workloads running in containers on the same server from the perspective of hardware events.Our study quantifies and reveals the system behavior from the micro-architecture level when workloads are running in different co-location patterns.Through the analysis of typical hardware events,we provide recommended/unrecommended co-location workload patterns which provide valuable deployment suggestions for datacenter administrators.

Flow Rate Measurement of Gravity Infusion Set and Functional Evaluation of Drop Counter: A Pilot Study

Developing a novel drop counter by introducing the Internet of Things concept has been vigorously conducted in recent years. Understanding the newly introduced drop counter’s flow rate control accuracy and flow rate count feature is essential for improving safety in infusion management. This study aimed to verify if the new drop counters could secure accurate flow rate and drip count by conducting actual flow rate measurements using gravimetry and functional evaluation. A drop counter was attached to each drip chamber of the infusion set, and an IV drip was conducted at the 100 ml/h flow rate. The weight of discharged physiological saline was measured to plot trumpet curves. Next, three different types of drop counters were evaluated to determine if they maintained drip count accuracy according to the changes in their position angles. The flow rate errors in all conditions indicated trumpet-like curves, exhibiting an overall error range within ±10% in all observation windows. Although every drop counter successfully detected and measured dripping, it was challenging in some counters to detect dripping when the drip chamber was tilted. In comparing adult and pediatric IV sets, the adult IV set was found to be less likely to detect dripping in the angled position. No significant differences in results were confirmed between high and low flow rates, suggesting that the drop count function would not be affected by the flow rate in the ranges of typical infusion practices. Doppler sensors have a wide range of measurements and high sensitivity;the dripping was detected successfully even when the drip chamber was tilted, probably due to the advantages of these sensors. In contrast, miscounts occurred in those equipped with infrared sensors, which could not detect light intensity changes in tilted positions. Understanding the tendencies in flow rate errors in infusion can be valuable information for infusion management.

高校图书馆电子资源使用情况分析研究——以山西师范大学外文数据库为例

高校图书馆电子资源为高校师生教学与科研提供了稳定且系统的文献资源保障。对高校师生电子资源的使用情况进行统计与分析研究,既可以为高校图书馆及其主管部门提供科学管理、合理决策与有效评估等数据参考,也可为高校图书馆合理建设馆藏数字资源提供依据。文章以山西师范大学图书馆电子数据资源为例,选出7个外文数据库进行量化数据分析。根据外文数据库提供的COUNTER报告,从数据库篇均成本、读者的使用需求和使用规律方面进行评价和分析,以期为其他图书馆合理购置电子资源提供建议。

基于通用PC架构的高精度网络时延测量方法

时延是准确测量时延抖动、带宽等网络性能指标的基础．目前的时延测量方法由于存在时钟误差和位置误差因而精度较差．提出一种改进的时延测量方法，以TSC（time stamp counter）寄存器取代系统时钟计时来消除测量的时钟误差，将时间戳记录位置由应用程序转移到网卡驱动来消除位置误差，极大地提高了时延测量精度．实验结果表明，与传统方法相比，不同包长度下，所提出的方法可降低测量误差21％～150％，且测量结果稳定，对系统吞吐量基本无影响．该方法基于通用PC架构，测量成本低，适于普遍采用．

大长高比腔体内的混合流体行进波对流

该文报告大长高比腔体(Γ=46)中强非线性状态(Ψ=-0.47)混合流体行进波对流图案的数值模拟结果。利用MAC法通过二维流体力学扰动方程组进行了数值模拟。获得了发生在对流发生点附近的线性Counter propagating wave,出现在分叉图非线性分支上的均匀行进波和发生在分叉图sadd le-node附近的局部行进波状态等三种行进波对流图案,并探讨了它们的稳定性。最后将数值模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较。

基于COUNTER的电子资源使用统计中的标准问题探讨与研究

针对当前电子资源使用统计中普遍存在的标准不一,统计数据不全,无法进行电子资源横向比较的问题,提出基于COUNTER规范和网络底层技术,从图书馆端进行电子资源使用统计的创新解决思路。以复旦大学图书馆为例,对电子资源使用统计中的COUNTER标准实施问题进行分析探讨并给出了实证,对COUNTER规范提出改进建议,具有推广应用价值。

COUNTER Release 5的新特征及其应用研究

COUNTER Release 5旨在应对不断变化的电子资源,提供可靠、一致和可对比的使用统计数据。文章分析了COUNTER Release 5的规范并探索其在中国高校图书馆数字资源采购联盟(DRAA)中的应用。研究发现,与COUNTER Release 4相比,Release 5有了明显的变化,包括定义了全新的报告体系、统计指标类型、RESTful SUSHI接口等技术细节。为在DRAA中应用COUNTER Release 5,需要从两个方面改进:一是让统计模块兼容COUNTER Release 5的数据模型,使COUNTER Release 5的统计数据可以融入现有的统计模型;二是需要新增RESTful SUSHI接口的客户端及文件解析器,让系统可以获取并解析到COUNTER Release 5的报告。

电子资源使用统计收割标准SUSHI的实施与应用研究

电子资源使用统计收割标准SUSHI是一个为自动收割COUNTER格式的使用数据而制订的数据采集与传递的标准协议,于2007年成为NISO标准。目前,图书馆和数据库商对如何使用SUSHI仍比较迷茫,并不清楚各自需要做哪些准备工作以实现利用SUSHI自动收割使用数据。2014年2月,中国高校图书馆数字资源采购联盟倡议实现组团数据库使用数据按月自动化收割与规范化管理,重新引发国内图书馆及数据库商对SUSHI的关注。为加深国内图书馆及数据库商对SUSHI的理解与认知,并推进SUSHI的应用,本文梳理国内外SUSHI的实施与应用现状,从SUSHI客户端和服务器端两个层面解析SUSHI实施与应用的具体流程与步骤,并通过剖析英国JUSP和中国DRAA电子资源使用统计模块两个联盟的应用案例,呈现SUSHI应用的具体操作细节,揭开SUSHI实施与应用的神秘面纱。意识层面、技术层面和标准层面的因素推动或阻碍了SUSHI的实施与应用,建议要基于利益相关者来推动SUSHI的实施与应用。

Influence of filling parameters on fatigue properties of A357 alloy produced by counter pressure plaster mold casting

The influence of filling parameters including pouring temperature, filling speed, boost pressure and synchronous pressure on the fatigue of A357 alloy produced by counter pressure plaster casting was studied. The Taguchi method was used to investigate the relationship between the fatigue performance and filling parameters. The results show that filling speed is the most significant factor among the four parameters. Synchronous pressures is less influential on the fatigue life when the value of synchronous pressure is from 400 kPa to 600 kPa.

在线电子资源使用统计的新标准——COUNTER

随着电子资源的迅猛发展,在线电子资源使用统计新标准———COUNTER已经被国外很多出版商所采用。本文介绍了COUNTER最新版本的体系结构,并结合我馆电子资源的使用报告,分析COUNTER使用统计报告的具体体现形式和作用。

SUSHI—网络电子资源利用与统计数据获取协议

SUSHI是一个数据采集、传递的标准协议,为图书馆提供了更加高效、方便的获取本馆电子资源利用统计数据的手段。该文详细介绍了该规范的起源、架构、核心内容以及相关应用。

数字资源计量规范研究——基于事实数据库专项数据填报的思考

数字资源事实数据的计量是图书馆统计工作的重要组成部分。本文根据笔者多年从事馆藏数字资源计实践经验,提出了数字资源计量中存在标准不连续、含义指代不明及使用统计不规范等主要问题,分享了西北农林科技大学图书馆在具体操作中的解决办法,即人工统计、导航汇总与等同下载。在此基础上,笔者建议图工委、DRAA与各馆首先各司其职,共同致力于数字资源计量的可持续、可比较服务;其次指出国内数据库商需要根据国际计量标准的变化采取相应调整措施;针对第四版COUNTER规范标准,图工委报表填报内容需要适时改进及展开相关内容与理论知识的培训;增设高校图书馆数字资源统计系统的评估,开展COUNTER标准与国内相关数字资源统计规范的比较研究。