The Counterterrorism Mechanism Integrated into Human Rights

Through investigation and analysis of the counterterrorism operations carried out both at home and abroad,we can draw some initial conclusions on their effectiveness.By its very nature,counterterrorism should be recognized as an integral part of human rights rather than a legal or political mechanism apart from human rights.The serious conflict between the counterterrorism measures and other human rights protection measures results from the scarcity of resources,to which different countries and international community should pay serious attention.Counterterrorism measures should both advance with the times and fully leverage modern technological means.The development idea of a community with a shared future for human beings helps us identify the development direction and fundamental principles of the counterterrorism system.

Academic Review of International Seminar on “Counterterrorism, De-radicalization and Human Rights Protection”

The International Seminar on Counterterrorism,De-radicalization and Human Rights protection sponsored by China Society for Human Rights Studies and organized jointly by Human Rights Research Institute of Southwest university of political Science and Law and School of politics and public Administration of Xinjiang university was held in urumqi,the Xinjiang uygur Autonomous Region,on September 3-7,2019,with the participation of more than 60 experts from 18 countries and international organizations.The seminar shared research and exchanged ideas on humanitarianism and human rights protection in counterterrorism and de-radicalization work and launched comparative research and international cooperation on counterterrorism and de-radicalization.The participants shared their understanding of terrorism and extremism and their counties experiences in combating terrorism and extremism,positively evaluated China’s work on counterterrorism and de-radicalization and the international cooperation to combating terrorism and extremism.This seminar contributed to stimulating the exchanges and cooperation in theoretical and practical research on counterterrorism,de-radicalization and human rights protection.

A Cumulative Prospect Theory Based Counterterrorism Resource Allocation Method under Interval Values

Strategic resource allocation into decision-making model plays a valuable role for the defender in mitigating damage and improving efficiency in military environments.In this paper,we develop a defensive resource allocation model based on cumulative prospect theory (CPT),which considers terrorists' psychological factors of decision-making in reality.More specifically,we extend existing models in the presence of multiple attributes and terrorists' deviations from rationality using a multi-attribute cumulative prospect theory.In addition,interval values are used to cope with uncertainties regarding gain and loss.Comparative studies are also carried out to demonstrate the differences among minmax,Nash equilibrium (NE),and traditional probability risk analysis (PRA) strategies.Results show that the defender's optimal defensive resource allocation will change along with terrorists' behaviors and the proposed model makes more sense compared with other traditional resource allocation strategies.

The Tenets of Jih
ad and Takfīr in the Emerging Concept of Wasat:īya(Moderation)as Counterterrorism in Saudi Arabia

A large-scale research project on wasat:īya(the political positioning of parties and factions in the centre,which is translated as moderation in Saudi Arabia)was initiated in King Saud University in 2009,and resulted in the publishing of the Encyclopedia of Wasat:īya in 2015 as a six-volume series.This national challenge in Saudi Arabia adopted methodology enabling Muslims to form a reliable understanding of the Qur|an verses and the Sunna of the Prophet Muh:ammad,resulting in research conclusions that limit jih
ad for defensive motivations,advocate judgements of excommunication with deliberation,and separate the Sunna from terrorist approaches.This emerging concept of wasat:īya is the historical outcome of the de-politicised Salafism nurtured in Saudi Arabian political history。

Counterterrorism On the Wrong Track

Insufficient knowledge about terrorists’ real objectives poses the central problem to U.S. antiterror efforts Umar Farouk

中国与东盟国家反恐合作的问题与路径选择

Since the beginning of their partnership 32 years ago and along with the deepening of their economic and trade ties,China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)have strengthened cooperation against terrorism in a comprehensive,multilevel manner.However,this cooperative relationship still has problems,such as slow progress in substantive cooperation,insufficient enforcement,and low efficiency.Moreover,given the persistent turmoil and the numerous uncertainties on the international landscape,terrorism in Southeast Asia is rife with new twists,threatening the implementation of the China-ASEAN Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and the safety of projects related to the Belt and Road Initiative.To achieve breakthroughs in China-ASEAN counterterrorism cooperation,it is necessary to innovatively apply the theories of regionalism and collective action to security cooperation,analyze the genesis of the existing problems,and explore more effective pathways.

Informative Signal Analysis: Metrology of the Underwater Geomagnetic Singularities in Low-Density Ionic Solution (Sea Water)

The paper tackles the problem of reading singularities of the geomagnetic field in noisy underwater (UW) environments. In particular, we propose a novel metrological approach to measuring low-amplitude geomagnetic signals in hard noisy magnetic environments. This research action was launched to develop a detection system for enforcing the peripheral security of military bases (harbors/coasts and landbases) and for asymmetric warfare. The concept underlying this theory is the spatial stability in the temporal variations of the geomagnetic field in the observation area. The paper presents the development and deployment of a self-informed measurement system, in which the signal acquired from each sensor—observation node—is compared with the signal acquired by the adjacent ones. The effectiveness of this procedure relates to the inter-node (sensor-to-sensor) distance, L;this quantity should, on one hand, correlate the noise and, on the other hand, decorrelate the target signal. The paper presents the results obtained, that demonstrate the ability of self-informed systems to read weak magnetic signals even in the presence of very high noise in low-density ionic solutions (i.e. sea water).

Information Technology in Domain of Electronic Intelligence and Cyberterrorism Combat

Terms of intelligence in 20th and 21th century mean the methods of automatic extraction, analysis, interpretation and use of information. Thus, the intelligence services in the future created an electronic database in which to their being classified intelligence products, users could choose between the latter themselves relevant information. The EU （European Union） that activities are carried out from at least in year 1996, terrorist attacks in year 200l is only accelerating. Proposals to increase surveillance and international cooperation in this field have been drawn up before September 11 2011. On the Web you can fmd a list of networks （Cryptome, 2011）, which could be connected, or are under the control of the security service--NSA （National Security Agency）. United States of America in year 1994 enacted a law for telephone communication--Digital Telephony Act, which would require manufacturers of telecommunications equipment, leaving some security holes for control. In addition, we monitor the Internet and large corporations. The example of the United States of America in this action reveals the organization for electronic freedoms against a telecom company that the NSA illegally gains access to data on information technology users and Internet telephony.

The Origins of the War on Terrorism Paradigm

It is now widely accepted among scholars that a new national security paradigm emerged in the United States after 9/11.This paradigm shift accompanied the George W.Bush administration’s declaration of a“global war on terror”and consisted of new interpretations of domestic and international law,new recognition of the threats posed by non-state actors,and a stated determination to eradicate threats everywhere before they emerged.Yet most scholarship has neglected examination of this paradigm’s origins.It became dominant after 9/11,but it did not originate then.Examination of these origins and the original context shows that the war on terrorism paradigm was not created in response to a catastrophic attack on the American“homeland”;rather it arose out of anxieties about U.S.capacity exert its will in the Third World.Its foundations were established long before its post-9/11 revival.This paper places these origins within the context of U.S.-Middle East relations in the 1980s.It reads together the public discourses of Lebanese Hizbullah and of U.S.Secretary of State George P.Shultz who,more than any other U.S.official,promulgated the justifications for the war on terrorism,to show that the notion of a jihad aimed at American power and of a war on terrorism had a basis in anxieties about the capacity of American power in the Middle East.The article uses the author’s original translation of the Hizbullah’s 1985“Open Letter to the Oppressed”alongside George Shultz’s public pronouncements between the start of the U.S.intervention in Lebanon in 1982 and the climax of the Iran-Contra scandal.It argues that provocations of the war on terrorism and the war on terrorism itself emerged out of emotions connected to the efficacy of American power in the Middle East.

A systematic review of urban terrorism literature:Root causes,thematic trends,and future directions

Urban terrorism is a significant global concern,prompting extensive scholarly inquiry into its underlying causes and effects.However,a comprehensive literature review summarizing this body of knowledge is notably absent.Thus,this study seeks to address this gap by conducting a thorough examination of existing literature on terrorism,particularly focusing on urban contexts,to identify key patterns and recurring themes.The study identified 515 research articles using the keywords"urban"and"terrorism"through the Web of Science and Scopus databases.A bibliometric review was conducted,which included a historical background,author keywords,country and institution,citation,and co-citation analyses.The findings revealed an increase in the number of studies on urban terrorism following the 9/11 attacks in the United States,which accounted for the highest number of publications in the country.Most studies were conducted in government law,international relations,and urban studies.Keyword analysis revealed that counterterrorism,security,and disasters were more closely linked to terrorism.Thematic analysis identified six main themes related to urban spaces and terrorism:tourism,governance,resilience,public health,economy,security,and counterterrorism.This study emphasizes the importance of involving the public in counterterrorism efforts in addition to traditional approaches to addressing urban terrorism.

The De-Extremism Strategy of Egypt’s Sisi Government and Its Practice

After the collapse of the Mubarak regime,the activities of Islamic extremism organisations in Egypt have been frequent,which brought great challenges to national security and social stability.After Sisi came into power,the Egyptian government took various measures to actively promote the de-extremism work,however,the difficulties in the process of Egypt’s de-extremism cannot be ignored.Whether the transition of de-extremism from a movement to a institution can be realised will be the key to its longterm effect.

The Global Governance of Terrorism: An Assessment of Different Regimes

Breakthroughs in the global governance of terrorism depend mainly on the development on the part of the international community of thorough and effective mechanisms.At present,global governance targets terrorism via four regimes:hegemonic governance;governance by international organizations;hybrid governance;and coordinated governance by major powers.These strategies have made a contribution to counter-terrorism,but they do have shortcomings.We start with the judgment that governance entities should adhere to the logic of consequences,the logic of appropriateness,the logic of emotion and the logic of habitus,and on this basis make a preliminary assessment of the global governance of terrorism.Present terrorism governance regimes tend to be based on the thinking of the logic of consequences with only partial implementation of the logic of appropriateness and no use,so far,of counterterrorism measures based on the logic of emotion and the logic of habitus.To address both the symptoms and root causes of terrorism,international society should encourage governance strategies that implement counter-terrorism measures based on the four types of logic above and should promote coordination and cooperation based on this platform.In this course,China could promote a more significant role in global terrorism governance for such counter-terrorism platforms as the United Nations,including the Security Council,and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

China-Turkey Security Cooperation Under the Background of the ‘Belt and Road’ and the ‘Middle Corridor’ Initiatives

This article focuses on the security cooperation between China and Turkey and the impact of the‘Belt and Road’and the‘Middle Corridor’Initiatives on bilateral cooperation.The‘Belt and Road’Initiative and Turkey’s‘Middle Corridor’Initiative have promoted economic cooperation and enhanced communication and mutual understanding between the two countries.We examine this cooperation from a security perspective;with deep analysis on security cooperation between China and Turkey published by the governments,academia and social media,the impact of the‘Belt and Road’and‘Middle Corridor’Initiatives on the growing bilateral relationship has been clearly highlighted.Additionally,this article focuses on the challenges of bilateral security and counterterrorism cooperation,and the positive impact of security cooperation on Sino-Turkish relations in the wake of the‘Belt and Road’and the‘Middle Corridor’initiatives.This article shows that economic cooperation has a significant impact on security cooperation and the‘Belt and Road’and the‘Middle Corridor’Initiatives may build closer ties between the two countries.