Experimental Intramammary Infection with a Strain of <i>Escherichia coli</i>Isolated from a Cow with Persistent <i>E. coli</i>Mastitis

Transient E. coli intramammary infections (IMI) are usually associated with rapid onset of clinical signs including mammary gland swelling and abnormal milk with rapid clearance of bacteria from milk. Conversely, reports have described strains of E. coli showing very different clinical trends. Persistent E. coli IMI are associated with mild clinical symptoms that disappear shortly after the onset of infection, possibly flaring-up intermittently during lactation. In the present study, we evaluated a strain of E. coli isolated from a cow with persistent mastitis to determine if the experimental infection model mimics naturally occurring persistent E. coli IMI. Uninfected mammary quarters of 7 Holstein heifers were infused within 10 days of calving with 50 colony-forming units of a persistent E. coli strain. Six of 7 heifers developed mild clinical mastitis with elevated rectal temperatures within 9 to 36 h after infusion. The challenge strain was isolated intermittently in milk from all infected mammary quarters during the first two weeks after infusion and 3 animals continued to shed E. coli periodically during the sampling period. One animal shed E. coli intermittently in milk for 172 d after challenge and developed clinical mastitis four times during this period. The isolated strain had an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile as the E. coli strain used to infuse mammary glands. The experimental IMI model described here mimics very closely naturally occurring persistent E. coli IMI, thus providing an excellent in vivo model to better understand pathogenesis and to facilitate development of control strategies for this important mastitis pathogen.

Electronic Scanning of Uterine Endometrium in Postpartum Cow

Two postpartum cows were used to study the ultrastructural changes of uterine endometrium by using scanning electron microscope.The results showed that the process of repair of uterine endometrium after calving was demonstrated by scanning electron microscope through a series of endometrium biopsy.Some part of the endometrium was damaged after calving and its adjacent endometrium cells became necrosis and exfoliated during the first 7 days post-partum;the cilium and microvillus of the epithelial cell in the undamaged area of the endometrium disappeared.By 26 days postpartum the damaged area reduced and the cilium and microvillus increased in their numbers.The damaged tissues were all repaired by day 60 postpartum.

Detection of bacterial biofilm in uterine of repeat breeder dairy cows

Objective:To determine the possibility of presence of bacterial biofilm in the uterus of repeat breeder cows and to evaluate the effect of mucolytic agent in cleanup of uterus from biofilm. Methods: Twenty repeat breeder cows were selected from a large commercial dairy farm near Shiraz, Fars province, southern Iran. Uterine secretion samples were collected before and after uterine lavage with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 10% solution and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining was used to detect bacterial biofilm in uterine samples. After sampling, all cows were treated with two doses of PGF2 and intrauterine infusion of Cefquinome sulphate. Artificial insemination (AI) was performed after that.Results: Bacterial biofilms were found in 12 out of 20 animals (60%) in the first sampling with sterile saline lavage (before DMSO) and in 7 cows (35%) after DMSO lavage. Fourteen cows (70%) became pregnant after AI. This evidence showed the presence of bacterial biofilm in the uterus of dairy cows for the first time. Although non-significant, decrease in biofilm detection after DMSO lavage may suggest the potential ability of mucolytic agent for cleaning the uterus from bacterial biofilm. Also, high pregnancy rate after antibiotic treatment in the present study might be attributed to improved effect of antibiotic following lavage of uterine by DMSO.Conclusions:These findings should be investigated in future researches with more sample size.

Peripheral Concentration of Hydroxyproline and 3-methyl-histidine in Postpartum Cow

A total of 16 Friesian cows were used in the study to determine the peripheral concentration of hydroxyproline(HYPRO) and 3 methyl histidine(3 MEHIS).The objectives of the experiment were to find out the relationship between collagen and myosin degradation and uterine involution in the postpartum cow.The results showed tht the mean concentrations of HYPRO and 3 MEHIS were 13.47±2.38 and 18.35±2.77 n mole/mL,respectively,for the cows during the days 60～90 postpartum.And for the cows immediately after calving the concentrations of HYPRO and 3 HEHIS reduced from 34.29 and 28.06 nmole/mL on the day one after calving to the normal lever of 13.23 and 17.97 n mole on the day 50 postpartum,respectively.There was a good correlation between the peripheral concentrations of both HYPRO and 3 MEHIS and the diameters of the involuting uterus(r=0.8128).

Urinary Concentrations of Hydroxyproline and 3-Methyl Histidine in Postpartum Cow

The urinary concentrations of hydroxyproline (HYPRO)and 3 -methyl histidine (3 - MEHIS) were de- termined in 16 Chinese-Holstein cows. The objectives of the experiment were to find out thhe relationship between collagen and myosin ddegradation and uterine involution in the postpartum cow. The results in the experiment showed that the mean concentrations of HYPRO and 3-MEHIS were 138.32±22.99 and 37.09 ±3.90 nmol·mL-1,respectively,for the cows during the days between 60-90 postpartum,and for the cows immediately after calving the concentrations of HYPRO and 3 -MEHIS reduced from 284.30 and 65.48 nmol ·mL-1 on the day one after calving to the normal level of 109.18 and 33.51 nmol·mL^-1 on the day 50 post- partum,respectively. There was a good correlation between the urinary concentrations of both HYPRO and 3 -MEHIS and the diameters of the involuting uterus (r = 0. 79).

ROLE OF COLPOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN PAPI- LLOMAVIRUS INFECTION OF THE UTERINE CERVIX

Among 6706 women screened by cytology, only 9 (0.13%) showed evidence of human pppillomavirus infection (HPVI). In 133 women examined by colposcopy for abnormal cytology or/ and suspected lestions on the cervix, 41.(30. 8%) showed subclinical papillomavirus infection (SPI), while 17. 4% and 5. 3% showed HPVI by histopathology and cytology, respectively. The conformation rate between colposcopy and pathology was 69. 6%. Sixty-nine specimens out of 133 colposcopy piled biopaies were assayed by HPV-DNA dot hybridization with 6B/11, 16, 18 probes to detect the presence of HPV-DNA In the cervical specimens. Thirty-nine (56.5%) gave a positive result. The colposcopic predictive value of positive result for HPVI was 76.7%. The difference between colposcopy (59%) and pathology (20. 5%) is statistically significant (P<0. 01). These results suggest that colposcopy is superior to cytology and hjstopathology for the detection of SPI in the cervix. In colposcopy HPV-DNA positive women, aceto while epithelium was most common (28. 2%) . As it is difficult to differentiate SPI from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia especially the Grade Ⅰ lesion by colposcopy, discrimination criteria are proposed together with the chief colposcopic features of SPI.

功能失调性子宫出血继发阴道感染耐药性分析

目的分析功能失调性子宫出血(DUB)继发阴道感染情况及耐药情况,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法选取2020年12月至2022年12月济源市人民医院诊治的145例DUB继发阴道感染患者。采集阴道分泌物,进行病原菌培养和药敏试验。结果145份阴道分泌标本,共分离出致病菌株237株,其中45株革兰阳性菌(18.99%)、49株革兰阴性菌(20.68%)、82株真菌(34.60%)、61株支原体(25.74%)。无乳链球菌、粪肠球菌对氨苄西林、利奈唑胺、米诺环素敏感度均为100%。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对替考拉宁敏感度均为100%。白假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母菌对两性霉素B、制霉菌素敏感度均为100%。支原体对司帕沙星均较为敏感。结论DUB继发阴道感染患者病原菌分布较为繁杂且对多种抗菌药物存在不同程度耐药性,建议医院加强监管,给予敏感抗生素治疗,尽量避免复发和长期用药,减少耐药菌株发生。

慢性宫颈炎合并HPV感染140例血清SOX2和PD-L1表达与临床病理特征相关性分析

目的探究慢性宫颈炎合并人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染病人血清性别决定区Y框蛋白2(SOX2)和程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)表达与临床病理特征相关性。方法选取2020年10月至2022年10月在重庆市江津区中医院就诊治疗的未合并HPV感染慢性宫颈炎病人160例作为慢性宫颈炎组,慢性宫颈炎合并HPV感染病人140例作为合并HPV组,另选取在该院体检健康女性110例作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测研究对象血清SOX2水平,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)测定血清PD-L1 mRNA水平,二代杂交捕获实验技术(HC2)检测HPV-DNA。结果对照组、慢性宫颈炎组、合并HPV组血清SOX2、PD-L1mRNA水平呈现逐渐升高的趋势(P<0.05);低危型HPV组、中危型HPV组、高危型HPV组血清SOX2、PD-L1 mRNA水平呈现逐渐升高的趋势(P<0.05);慢性宫颈炎合并HPV病人中单一感染率为45.71%(64/140),多重感染率为54.29%(76/140)(P>0.05),其中慢性宫颈炎合并HPV病人中低危型单一感染与多重感染病例数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高水平SOX2与低水平SOX2以及高水平PD-L1 mRNA与低水平PD-L1 mRNA慢性宫颈炎病人合并HPV率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论慢性宫颈炎合并HPV感染病人血清SOX2、PD-L1 mRNA水平均显著升高,与HPV分型密切相关,且病人血清SOX2、PD-L1 mRNA水平与HPV感染均呈正相关。

“主客交”理论在子宫颈癌前病变中的应用

基于“主客交”理论结合现代医学研究,探讨子宫颈癌前病变的发病机制及中医药应用策略。子宫颈癌前病变的主要病因病机为肝脾肾之“主”失调,加之痰湿热毒之“客”邪内聚、蕴结,终成癥瘕,渐成痼疾,发为宫颈癌前病变并趋向恶性发展。治以“扶正达邪,分离主客”,在疏肝健脾固肾的同时厘清主客强弱,精准辨证。分阶段灵活选用清热、祛湿、解毒、理气、活血、化瘀等“通”法以祛邪通络。

母牛子宫脱出的整复手术

本文主要抓住母牛子宫脱出症整复手术的难点,结合本兽医技术团队多年来的成功经验,形成一套完整且成熟的子宫脱出症的整复手术方案:即手术准备、清洗消毒、清除粪污杂草、还纳回位、外阴缝合。尤其是节省体力的还纳回位和简便结实的外阴缝合方法的应用,对同行们在治疗子宫脱出症有很好地借鉴价值。

重组人干扰素α2b凝胶联合阿奇霉素治疗慢性宫颈炎伴HPV感染患者的临床疗效

【目的】探讨重组人干扰素α2b凝胶联合阿奇霉素治疗慢性宫颈炎伴人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染患者的临床疗效。【方法】选取2021年3月至2023年3月本院收治的110例慢性宫颈炎伴HPV感染患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组55例。对照组采用重组人干扰素α2b凝胶治疗,观察组采用重组人干扰素α2b凝胶联合阿奇霉素治疗,均治疗14 d。比较两组患者临床疗效、乳酸杆菌减少率、白细胞酯酶(LE)阳性率、凝固酶(GADP)阳性率、阴道pH值>4.5占比、炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)]水平、HPV病毒载量、HPV转阴率及疾病复发率。【结果】观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组乳酸杆菌减少率、LE阳性率、GADP阳性率、阴道pH值>4.5占比均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组炎症因子水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组病毒载量均下降,且观察组病毒载量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组HPV转阴率高于对照组,复阳率、疾病复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】重组人干扰素α2b凝胶联合阿奇霉素治疗慢性宫颈炎伴HPV感染患者的效果显著,可降低炎症因子水平,减少HPV病毒载量,促进HPV转阴,值得临床推广。

阴道微生态改变与高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染的相关性研究

背景高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high risk human papillomavirus,HR-HPV)感染并不一定会导致癌前病变或宫颈癌,阴道微生物多样性的改变可能是造成HPV持续感染继而发生宫颈病变的伴随因素。目的探讨阴道微生态改变与HRHPV感染的相关性,为宫颈癌的防治提供参考。方法选取2021年10月-2022年3月就诊于解放军总医院第一医学中心妇产科门诊,同时行阴道分泌物微生态检测及人乳头瘤病毒基因分型检测的324例患者(年龄21~72岁)为研究对象,分析阴道微生态异常与HR-HPV感染的相关性。结果324例患者中HR-HPV阳性71例,阳性率21.91%(71/324);阴道微生态正常的178例中HR-HPV阳性43例,阳性率24.16%(43/178);阴道微生态异常的146例中HR-HPV阳性28例,阳性率19.18%(28/146)。阴道微生态异常结果中细菌性阴道病(bacterial vaginosis,BV)及BV中间型37例,HR-HPV阳性率40.54%(15/37);菌群抑制32例,HR-HPV阳性率18.75%(6/32);阴道菌群正常存在炎症反应77例,HR-HPV阳性率9.09%(7/77)。阴道微生态正常组与菌群抑制组HPV阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与BV及BV中间型组、阴道菌群正常存在炎症反应组的HPV阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,BV及BV中间型发生HR-HPV感染的概率更高(OR=2.240,P=0.030)、阴道菌群正常存在炎症反应者HR-HPV感染的概率更低(OR=0.329,P=0.009)。结论BV及单纯白细胞增多引起的阴道微生态改变与HR-HPV感染密切相关。

四川某奶牛场犊牛腹泻主要病原微生物的PCR检测

为了解四川省某奶牛场2月龄内犊牛腹泻的主要病原及其感染情况,采集22份犊牛腹泻粪便,PCR检测牛A群轮状病毒(BRVA)、牛冠状病毒(BCoV)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛诺如病毒(BNoV)、纽布病毒(NeV)、牛环曲病毒(BToV)、产肠毒素大肠埃希氏菌(ETEC)和沙门氏菌(Salmonella)共8种腹泻相关病原,并对BRVA进行基因分型。结果表明,22份粪便样本中,BRVA、BCoV、NeV和BToV的检出率分别为81.82%、31.82%、27.27%和13.64%,其中BRVA的检出率最高,存在基因型有G10、P[1]和P[11]型;且存在BRVA+BCoV、BRVA+NeV、BRVA+BToV、BRVA+BCoV+NeV混合感染,混合感染率分别为33.33%、25%、16.67%、25%,其他4种病原均未检出。可见该奶牛场犊牛腹泻主要由4种病毒感染引起,多种病毒混合感染率高,为该场犊牛腹泻的防治提供了依据。

宫颈炎症状态对HPV感染的影响研究

目的:探讨宫颈炎症状态对人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)感染的影响。方法:运用E6-c-Myc-P2A-E7-c-3Flag基因慢病毒分别感染对照组(未处理的细胞)及实验组[经脂多糖(1μg/mL)诱导24 h的细胞],观察宫颈炎症状态对Myc-E6、Flag-E7标签蛋白表达的影响。结果:与对照组比较,实验组中人白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、IL-1β、IL-17A mRNA的表达显著升高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。E6-c-Myc-P2A-E7-c-3Flag基因慢病毒感染72 h后,实验组和对照组转染效率分别是(89.05±0.16)%和(79.30±1.97)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组中Myc-E6和Flag-E7标签蛋白表达水平比对照组显著增加,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:宫颈上皮细胞处于炎症状态下更易感染HPV。

2021年江苏省部分牧场奶牛临床型乳腺炎源病原菌的分离鉴定及地区、月份分布情况分析

为了解江苏省部分地区奶牛临床型乳腺炎源病原菌感染情况及其与地区及月份分布的关系,试验选择苏北(新沂市、泗洪县、淮安市)、苏中(盐城市、泰州市)、苏南(张家港市)地区的六个规模化牧场,于2021年5—12月份采集患临床型乳腺炎奶牛奶样316份,进行病原菌分离培养及16S rDNA基因的PCR扩增及测序鉴定,根据病原菌鉴定结果分析江苏省不同地区及不同月份的病原菌检出情况。结果表明:在316份临床型乳腺炎奶样中,287份奶样检测出病原菌,检出率为90.82%。不同地区间的样品检出情况表现出较大差异,苏北地区共检测出14种病原菌,检出率为92.52%;苏中地区共检测出10种病原菌,检出率最高,达到了97.01%;苏南地区仅检测出9种病原菌,检出率最低,为68.57%。不同月份间样品检出情况也存在差异,12月病原菌检出率最高,达到了100%,但病原菌种类却最少,仅为8种;5,6,7月份病原菌检出率均低于其他月份,但病原菌检出种类较多。不同地区间奶牛临床型乳腺炎病原菌感染模式存在差异,7种病原菌感染模式仅出现在苏北地区,苏南地区未检测出6种及以上的病原菌感染模式;除12月份以4种和5种病原菌感染模式为主外,其余各月份均以2种和3种病原菌感染模式最多。临床型乳腺炎的病原菌优势菌种在各地区和各月份间存在差异,苏北地区以肺炎克雷伯菌、葡萄球菌属、大肠杆菌和酵母菌为主,苏南地区以葡萄球菌属为主;10月份以牛支原体和金黄色葡萄球菌检出率最高,分别为72.41%、51.72%;12月份以葡萄球菌属检出率最高,达到了86.67%;其他各月份样品均以肺炎克雷伯菌检出率最高。说明江苏省六个牧场奶牛临床型乳腺炎源病原菌的总体检出率较高,同时病原菌检出率、病原菌检出种类和优势病原菌在不同地区及不同月份间的分布存在差异。

自噬与奶牛子宫内膜炎致病微生物间的相互作用

自噬是动物机体细胞自我防御和修复的过程,在调节机体免疫、炎症反应和维持细胞内环境稳态中发挥重要作用。自噬对维持细胞代谢稳态以及治疗微生物感染类疾病的研究具有重要意义。奶牛子宫内膜炎对奶牛的排卵、发情以及妊娠会造成一系列影响,常引起奶牛不孕症,给奶牛养殖产业造成严重的经济损失。其中,细菌、真菌、病毒和寄生虫引起的感染是导致该病的重要原因。本文探讨了自噬与引起奶牛子宫内膜炎常见病原微生物之间的相互关系,旨在提供一种新的防治奶牛子宫内膜炎的思路。

宁夏灵武地区奶牛消化道线虫感染情况调查

明确宁夏灵武地区奶牛消化道线虫感染情况。在宁夏灵武地区5个规模化养殖场采集1453份奶牛新鲜粪便样品,通过饱和盐水漂浮法对所采集样品进行检查,共发现圆线虫、细颈线虫和毛首线虫3种线虫虫卵。奶牛消化道线虫总感染率为6.06%,其中牧场1感染率最高17.72%(56/316),牧场3感染率为6.53%(19/291),牧场2感染率为4.63%(13/281),牧场4和牧场5均未发现有消化道线虫感染。断奶犊牛、育成牛和青年牛的感染率分别为1.40%(7/501)、8.15%(38/466)、8.85%(43/486)。国外引进奶牛与牧场自繁自养奶牛的线虫感染率分别为37.39%(43/115)、3.36%(45/1338),两者差异极显著(P<0.01)。

《中国奶牛》征稿通知

《中国奶牛》杂志为月刊,读者对象为奶业管理者与生产者、专业技术人员、科研人员及奶牛养殖户等,读者群体覆盖整个奶牛业和乳品业的各个环节。栏目设置有科学研究、专家论坛、饲料饲养、繁殖育种、奶牛保健、发展论坛、乳与乳制品、质量安全、养殖环境保护、机械设施、牧草专栏、奶业经济等。

子宫肌瘤手术患者术后感染发生情况及影响因素

目的:分析子宫肌瘤手术患者术后感染发生情况及其影响因素。方法:选取2020年4月—2022年4月于福州市晋安区医院行手术的120例子宫肌瘤患者,统计其术后感染发生情况;收集患者的年龄、性别等一般资料,以多因素logistic回归模型分析其术后感染发生的影响因素。结果:120例子宫肌瘤手术患者中术后共有21例发生感染,发生率为17.50%(21/120)。单因素分析显示:未发生与发生术后感染的子宫肌瘤患者的年龄、体重指数(BMI)、子宫肌瘤直径、手术时间、子宫肌瘤个数、手术过程中输血、手术途径比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。发生术后感染子宫肌瘤患者有贫血、住院天数≥7 d、有抗菌药物使用、术前阴道检查次数≥2次、术中出血量≥200 mL、术前未行阴道准备、术中使用举宫器的占比均高于未发生术后感染患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示:有贫血、住院天数≥7 d、抗菌药物使用、术前阴道检查次数≥2次、术中出血量≥200 mL、术前未行阴道准备、术中使用举宫器为子宫肌瘤手术患者术后感染发生的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:子宫肌瘤手术患者术后感染发生率较高,其影响因素众多,如贫血、住院天数≥7 d、抗菌药物使用、术前阴道检查次数≥2次等。临床需对上述影响因素予以高度重视,积极采取规范合理的预防措施,以尽可能减少术后感染发生,保障患者的身心健康。

宫体POLE突变型内膜样癌合并HPV感染相关性宫颈腺癌1例报道及文献回顾

临床上,在不同部位同时发现多个恶性肿瘤病灶常被认为是某一部位原发肿瘤继发累及多个部位的结果,两个或多个原发性肿瘤同步出现的情况罕见,且相关类型及相关起源肿瘤的鉴别具有较大难度,给临床病理诊断造成困扰。此类情况在女性生殖系统尤为突出,在实际工作中,虽然可以联合应用临床表现、影像学资料、形态学特征、免疫组织化学甚至分子检测等手段,但对于某些发生在子宫的腺癌,仍不能确定其原发部位是内膜还是宫颈,即使在全切子宫的情况下仍是如此。由于此类肿瘤的治疗及预后均有很大差异,因此精准鉴别十分必要。本文报道1例同步发生的宫体内膜样癌和宫颈来源的人乳头状瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)感染相关性宫颈腺癌(HPV-associated cervical adenocarcinoma,HPVA-CA)患者并进行相关文献回顾,以期深入分析此类较罕见病例,同时对鉴别诊断、治疗及预后等相关问题进行探讨。