Anticlastogenic Effect of Redistilled Cow's Urine Distillate in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes Challenged With Manganese Dioxide and Hexavalent Chromium

Objective To study the anticlastogenic effect of redistilled cow＇s urine distillate （RCUD） in human peripheral lymphocytes （HLC） challenged with manganese dioxide and hexavalent chromium. Methods The anticlastogenic activity of redistilled cow＇s urine distillate was studied in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes （HPNLs） and human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro challenged with manganese dioxide and hexavalent chromium as established genotoxicants and clastogens which could cause induction of DNA strand break, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus. Three different levels of RCUD： 1 μL/mL, 50 μL/mL and 100 μL/mL, were used in the study. Results Manganese dioxide and hexavalent chromium caused statistically significant DNA strand break, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus formation, which could be protected by redisfilled cow＇s urine distillate. Conclusion The redistilled cow＇s urine distillate posseses strong anfigenotoxic and antielastogenic properties against HPNLs and HLC treated with Cr^＋6 and MnO2. This property is mainly due to the antioxidants present in RCUD.

Molecularly defined adult-type hypolactasia in school-aged children with a previous history of cow's milk allergy

AIM： To assess the role of lactase non-persistence/per- sistence in school-aged children and their milk-related symptoms. METHODS： The genotypes for the C/T-13910 variant associated with lactase non-persistence/ persistence were determined using PCR-minisequencing in a group of 172 children with a mean age of 8.6 years （SE = 0.02, 93 boys） participating in a follow-up study for cow＇s milk allergy. The parents were asked to assess their children＇s milk consumption and abdominal symptoms. RESULTS： The presence of allergy to cow＇s milk was not associated with the C/C-13910 genotype related with a decline of lactase enzyme activity during childhood （lactase non-persistence）. The frequency of the C/C-13910 genotype （16%） was similar to published figures for the prevalence of adult-type hypolactasia in Finland. The majority of the children （90%） in this series consumed milk but 26% of their families suspected that their children had milk-related symptoms. Forty-eight percent of the children with the C/C-13910 genotype did not drink milk at all or consumed a low lactose containing diet prior to the genotyping （P〈 0.004 when compared to the other genotypes）. CONCLUSION： Analysis of the C/T-13910 polymorphism is an easy and reliable method for excluding adult-type hypolactasia in children with milk-related symptoms. Genotyping for this variant can be used to advise diets for children with a previous history of cow＇s milk allergy.

Effects of Cow’s Milk on Reproduction in ICR Male Mice

Objective To study the effects of Cow＇s milk on the reproduction in male mice. Methods Twenty-four male mice were divided randomly into two groups： milk group （M） and control group （C）. Each mouse was given 10 mL milk per day from 4 to 16 weeks in the group M. At the age of 17 weeks, all the mice were sacrificed. Results Serum testosterone was decreased in the group M （P=0.037）. No significant difference was found in weight of testes, seminal vesicle or adrenal gland of mice between the groups C and M. However, the weight of seminal vesicle decreased when expressed in g/100 g body weight in the group M. Epididymal sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and sperm head number were not affected by milk. Conclusion Cow＇s milk has adverse effects on the reproductive system in ICR male mice. Further studies are needed to clarify the specific effects of milk on reproductive health.

Milk protein IgG and IgA:The association with milk-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in adults

AIM:To study the association between serum levels of milk protein IgG and IgA antibodies and milk-related gastrointestinal symptoms in adults.METHODS:Milk protein IgG and IgA antibodies were determined in serum samples of 400 subjects from five outpatient clinics in Southern Finland.Subjects were randomly selected from a total of 1900 adults undergoing laboratory investigations in primary care.All 400 participants had completed a questionnaire on abdominal symptoms and dairy consumption while waiting for the laboratory visit.The questionnaire covered the nature and frequency of gastrointestinal problems,the provoking food items,family history and allergies.Twelve serum samples were disqualifi ed due to insuff icient amount of sera.The levels of specif ic milk protein IgG and IgA were measured by using the ELISA technique.The association of the milk protein-specific antibody level was studied in relation to the milk-related gastrointestinal symptoms and dairy consumption.RESULTS:Subjects drinking milk(n=265) had higher levels of milk protein IgG in their sera than non-milk drinkers(n=123,P<0.001).Subjects with gastrointestinal problems related to milk drinking(n=119) consumed less milk but had higher milk protein IgG levels than those with no milk-related gastrointestinal symptoms(n=198,P=0.02).Among the symptomatic subjects,those reporting dyspeptic symptoms had lower milk protein IgG levels than non-dyspeptics(P<0.05).However,dyspepsia was not associated with milk drinking(P=0.5).The association of high milk protein IgG levels with constipation was close to the level of statistical signif icance.Diarrhea had no association with milk protein IgG level(P=0.5).With regard to minor symptoms,flatulence and bloating(P=0.8),were not associated with milk protein IgG level.Milk protein IgA levels did not show any association with milk drinking or abdominal symptoms.The levels of milk protein IgA and IgG declined as the age of the subjects increased(P<0.004).CONCLUSION:Milk protein IgG but not milk IgA seems to be associated with self-reported milk-induced gastrointestinal symptoms.

Milk Consumption and Lactose Intolerance in Adults

Objective To investigate relations between milk consumption and lactose intolerance （LI） in adults and to explore the effect of milk consumption on lactase activity.Methods Total of 182 subjects aged 20‐70 years were recruited and interviewed by questionnaires,and their accumulative cow＇s milk intake （AMI） was calculated.LI was evaluated by hydrogen breath test （HBT）.Results A negative correlation was found between AMI and severity of observed LI symptom （r=-0.2884;P0.05）.Binary logistic regression analysis showed a negative correlation between LI and duration and frequency of milk consumption （OR,0.317 and 0.465,respectively;both P0.05） and a positive correlation between LI and amount of milk consumed per sitting （OR,6.337;P0.05）.Conclusion LI is related to various milk consumption behaviors.Most Chinese adults with LI may tolerate moderate milk consumption 160 mL.

Severe dystrophy in DiGeorge syndrome

We present the case history of a 3-year-old girl who was examined because of severe dystrophy.In the background,cow’s milk allergy was found,but her body weight was unchanged after eliminating milk from her diet.Other types of malabsorption were excluded.Based on nasal regurgitation and facial dysmorphisms,the possibility of DiGeorge syndrome was suspected and was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization.The authors suggest a new feature associated with DiGeorge syndrome.