目的:对比分析15~24个月及2~5岁CA16感染的普通型与危重症手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)患者外周血中CD8^+T细胞的表达情况,寻找发现与CA16致病有关的免疫病理因素。方法:收集2014年5-8月间昆明市儿童医院感染科确诊的儿...目的:对比分析15~24个月及2~5岁CA16感染的普通型与危重症手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)患者外周血中CD8^+T细胞的表达情况,寻找发现与CA16致病有关的免疫病理因素。方法:收集2014年5-8月间昆明市儿童医院感染科确诊的儿童HFMD病例外周血标本共72例,其中普通型32例,危重症40例,采用流式细胞术对患者外周血CD8^+T淋巴细胞亚群进行检测分析。结果:15~24个月普通型HFMD患者外周血CD8^+T淋巴细胞百分比略高于正常健康儿童参考值,而危重症患者CD8^+T细胞略低于正常参考值。此外,与正常参考值相比,2~5岁普通型及危重症患者外周血中CD8^+T淋巴细胞百分比均减低,其中危重症患者略低于普通型患者。结论:CA16感染后,不同年龄、不同病情的HFMD患者外周血中CD8^+T细胞的表达变化不太明显,说明CA16感染后,患者体内的CD8^+T细胞基本能够发挥正常的抗病毒免疫效应。而在危重症时,两个年龄段患者CD8^+T细胞百分比略低或减低,说明CA16的持续性感染可能对机体CD8^+T细胞的表达产生了影响,使其杀伤病毒效应减低,这可能是CA16感染诱导神经系统并发症发生的免疫病理因素之一。展开更多
A sensitive reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for human enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) infection was further evaluated. The one step reaction was perfor...A sensitive reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for human enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) infection was further evaluated. The one step reaction was performed in a single tube at 65?C for 45 min for EV71 and 35 min for CVA16. The detection limits of RT-LAMP assays for both EV71 and CVA16 were 0.1 of a 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) per reaction, based on 10—Fold dilutions of a titrated EV71 or CVA16 strain. The specific assay showed there were no cross-reactions with Coxsackievirus A (CVA) viruses (CVA 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 14, and 25), Coxsackievirus B (CVB) viruses (CVB 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) or ECHO viruses (ECHO 3, 6, 11, and 19). In parallel with commercial quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) diagnostic kits for EV71 and CVA16, the RT-LAMP assay was evaluated with 515 clinical specimens, the results showed the RT-LAMP assay and the qRT-PCR assay were in complete agreement for 513/515 (99.6%) of the specimens. Two samples with discrepant results from two methods were further verified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) assay and sequencing to be true positives for CVA16. In conclusion, RT-LAMP assay is demonstrated to be a sensitive and specific assay and have a great potential for the rapid and visual screening of EV71 and CVA16 in China, especially in those resource-limited hospitals and rural clinics of provincial and municipal regions.展开更多
Coxsackievirus A16(CVA16),together with enterovirus type 71(EV71),is responsible for most cases of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) worldwide.Recent findings suggest that the recombination between CVA16 and EV71,and ...Coxsackievirus A16(CVA16),together with enterovirus type 71(EV71),is responsible for most cases of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) worldwide.Recent findings suggest that the recombination between CVA16 and EV71,and the co-circulation of these two viruses may have contributed to the increase of HFMD cases in China over the past few years.It is therefore important to further understand the virology,epidemiology,virus-host interactions and host pathogenesis of CVA16.In this study,we describe the viral kinetics of CVA16 in human rhabdomyosarcoma(RD) cells by analyzing the cytopathic effect(CPE),viral RNA replication,viral protein expression,viral RNA package and viral particle secretion in RD cells.We show that CVA16 appears to first attach,uncoat and enter into the host cell after adsorption for 1 h.Later on,CVA16 undergoes rapid replication from 3 to 6 h at MOI 1 and until 9 h at MOI 0.1.At MOI 0.1,CVA16 initiates a secondary infection as the virions were secreted before 9 h p.i.CPE was observed after 12 h p.i.,and viral antigen was first detected at 6 h p.i.at MOI 1 and at 9 h p.i.at MOI 0.1.Thus,our study provides important information for further investigation of CVA16 in order to better understand and ultimately control infections with this virus.展开更多
In 2008,China launched a national surveillance system for hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease(HFMD).Several million cases of HFMD are reported every year,coxsackievirus A16(CVA16)was the leading cause of HFMD epidemic in Y...In 2008,China launched a national surveillance system for hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease(HFMD).Several million cases of HFMD are reported every year,coxsackievirus A16(CVA16)was the leading cause of HFMD epidemic in Yantai city,China in recent years,but the information of epidemiology and molecular characterization of CVA16 in Yantai is limited.The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic spectrum of HFMD,and most importantly,the molecular characterization of CVA16 in Yantai from 2018 to 2021.A total of 2,000 clinical samples were collected in Yantai city from 2018 to 2021 and the enterovirus typing was performed using real‐time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction(qRT‐PCR).VP1 coding regions of 41 CVA16 isolates were amplified and Sanger sequenced,and phylogenetic analysis was performed.During the study period,HFMD became prevalent from May to August each year.It peaked in June and declined in September.The incidence was highest in children aged 1 to 5 years,while more common in males than females.1,617 out of 2,000 clinical collection of samples were tested positive for enterovirus.Among them,614 were identified as CVA16,45 were enterovirus A71(EV A17),and 958 were other enterovirus serotypes.All 41 CVA16 strains belonged to the Bla and B1b genotypes.Homology analysis showed that 41 CVA16 isolates shared 83.2%–100%nucleotide and 93.7%–100%amino acid similarity among themselves.The results of this study update molecular epidemiology of CVA16 and provide a reference for HFMD prevention and control.展开更多
目的对比了解2022—2023年新冠疫情期间及疫情后广州市和佛山市手足口病流行病学及非肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)非柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Coxsaekievirus group A 16,CA16)病毒的分子流行病学特征,为治疗和防控提供依据。方法运用...目的对比了解2022—2023年新冠疫情期间及疫情后广州市和佛山市手足口病流行病学及非肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)非柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Coxsaekievirus group A 16,CA16)病毒的分子流行病学特征,为治疗和防控提供依据。方法运用荧光逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)对2022—2023年疑似手足口病患者标本同时进行肠道病毒(enterovirus,EV)通用型、EV71、CA16检测,并选取EV71和CA16是阴性而EV通用型是阳性的标本进行型别鉴定,设计5′非编码区(UTR)引物,RT-PCR扩增后进行序列测定,序列用BLAST程序进行序列的EV型别确定。结果2022年,同时进行EV通用型、EV71、CA163种病毒检测的疑似手足口病例标本共362份,总阳性47份,阳性率为12.98%;其中EV71阳性0份;CA16阳性5份,占1.38%;非EV71非CA16的EV阳性标本42份,占11.60%。2023年,同时进行EV通用型、EV71、CA163种病毒检测的疑似手足口病标本有297份,总阳性100份,阳性率为33.67%,全年没有检出EV71,CA16全年检出率为2.36%(7/297),非EV71非CA16的EV阳性率为31.31%(93/297)。51份非EV71非CA16阳性标本的序列分析表明,2022—2023检出的非EV71非CA16的EV有9种型别,分别为:CA6、CA10、CA4、CA2、CA8、柯萨奇病毒B组5型(CB5)、CB2、CB3、埃可病毒30型(E30),其中CA6占主要,为27.45%(14/51),其次是CA10,占15.69%(8/51)。结论新冠疫情结束后的2023年比疫情期间的2022年EV阳性率高。2022—2023年手足口病主要以非EV71非CA16为主,序列分析表明非EV71非CA16病毒中以CA6和CA10为主,应加强对CA6、CA10为主要非EV71非CA16病毒进行研究及监测。展开更多
文摘目的:对比分析15~24个月及2~5岁CA16感染的普通型与危重症手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)患者外周血中CD8^+T细胞的表达情况,寻找发现与CA16致病有关的免疫病理因素。方法:收集2014年5-8月间昆明市儿童医院感染科确诊的儿童HFMD病例外周血标本共72例,其中普通型32例,危重症40例,采用流式细胞术对患者外周血CD8^+T淋巴细胞亚群进行检测分析。结果:15~24个月普通型HFMD患者外周血CD8^+T淋巴细胞百分比略高于正常健康儿童参考值,而危重症患者CD8^+T细胞略低于正常参考值。此外,与正常参考值相比,2~5岁普通型及危重症患者外周血中CD8^+T淋巴细胞百分比均减低,其中危重症患者略低于普通型患者。结论:CA16感染后,不同年龄、不同病情的HFMD患者外周血中CD8^+T细胞的表达变化不太明显,说明CA16感染后,患者体内的CD8^+T细胞基本能够发挥正常的抗病毒免疫效应。而在危重症时,两个年龄段患者CD8^+T细胞百分比略低或减低,说明CA16的持续性感染可能对机体CD8^+T细胞的表达产生了影响,使其杀伤病毒效应减低,这可能是CA16感染诱导神经系统并发症发生的免疫病理因素之一。
文摘A sensitive reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for human enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) infection was further evaluated. The one step reaction was performed in a single tube at 65?C for 45 min for EV71 and 35 min for CVA16. The detection limits of RT-LAMP assays for both EV71 and CVA16 were 0.1 of a 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) per reaction, based on 10—Fold dilutions of a titrated EV71 or CVA16 strain. The specific assay showed there were no cross-reactions with Coxsackievirus A (CVA) viruses (CVA 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 14, and 25), Coxsackievirus B (CVB) viruses (CVB 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) or ECHO viruses (ECHO 3, 6, 11, and 19). In parallel with commercial quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) diagnostic kits for EV71 and CVA16, the RT-LAMP assay was evaluated with 515 clinical specimens, the results showed the RT-LAMP assay and the qRT-PCR assay were in complete agreement for 513/515 (99.6%) of the specimens. Two samples with discrepant results from two methods were further verified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) assay and sequencing to be true positives for CVA16. In conclusion, RT-LAMP assay is demonstrated to be a sensitive and specific assay and have a great potential for the rapid and visual screening of EV71 and CVA16 in China, especially in those resource-limited hospitals and rural clinics of provincial and municipal regions.
基金Partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20872048)
文摘Coxsackievirus A16(CVA16),together with enterovirus type 71(EV71),is responsible for most cases of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) worldwide.Recent findings suggest that the recombination between CVA16 and EV71,and the co-circulation of these two viruses may have contributed to the increase of HFMD cases in China over the past few years.It is therefore important to further understand the virology,epidemiology,virus-host interactions and host pathogenesis of CVA16.In this study,we describe the viral kinetics of CVA16 in human rhabdomyosarcoma(RD) cells by analyzing the cytopathic effect(CPE),viral RNA replication,viral protein expression,viral RNA package and viral particle secretion in RD cells.We show that CVA16 appears to first attach,uncoat and enter into the host cell after adsorption for 1 h.Later on,CVA16 undergoes rapid replication from 3 to 6 h at MOI 1 and until 9 h at MOI 0.1.At MOI 0.1,CVA16 initiates a secondary infection as the virions were secreted before 9 h p.i.CPE was observed after 12 h p.i.,and viral antigen was first detected at 6 h p.i.at MOI 1 and at 9 h p.i.at MOI 0.1.Thus,our study provides important information for further investigation of CVA16 in order to better understand and ultimately control infections with this virus.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Preventive Medicine Association Project(LYH 2017‐26).
文摘In 2008,China launched a national surveillance system for hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease(HFMD).Several million cases of HFMD are reported every year,coxsackievirus A16(CVA16)was the leading cause of HFMD epidemic in Yantai city,China in recent years,but the information of epidemiology and molecular characterization of CVA16 in Yantai is limited.The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic spectrum of HFMD,and most importantly,the molecular characterization of CVA16 in Yantai from 2018 to 2021.A total of 2,000 clinical samples were collected in Yantai city from 2018 to 2021 and the enterovirus typing was performed using real‐time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction(qRT‐PCR).VP1 coding regions of 41 CVA16 isolates were amplified and Sanger sequenced,and phylogenetic analysis was performed.During the study period,HFMD became prevalent from May to August each year.It peaked in June and declined in September.The incidence was highest in children aged 1 to 5 years,while more common in males than females.1,617 out of 2,000 clinical collection of samples were tested positive for enterovirus.Among them,614 were identified as CVA16,45 were enterovirus A71(EV A17),and 958 were other enterovirus serotypes.All 41 CVA16 strains belonged to the Bla and B1b genotypes.Homology analysis showed that 41 CVA16 isolates shared 83.2%–100%nucleotide and 93.7%–100%amino acid similarity among themselves.The results of this study update molecular epidemiology of CVA16 and provide a reference for HFMD prevention and control.
文摘目的对比了解2022—2023年新冠疫情期间及疫情后广州市和佛山市手足口病流行病学及非肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)非柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Coxsaekievirus group A 16,CA16)病毒的分子流行病学特征,为治疗和防控提供依据。方法运用荧光逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)对2022—2023年疑似手足口病患者标本同时进行肠道病毒(enterovirus,EV)通用型、EV71、CA16检测,并选取EV71和CA16是阴性而EV通用型是阳性的标本进行型别鉴定,设计5′非编码区(UTR)引物,RT-PCR扩增后进行序列测定,序列用BLAST程序进行序列的EV型别确定。结果2022年,同时进行EV通用型、EV71、CA163种病毒检测的疑似手足口病例标本共362份,总阳性47份,阳性率为12.98%;其中EV71阳性0份;CA16阳性5份,占1.38%;非EV71非CA16的EV阳性标本42份,占11.60%。2023年,同时进行EV通用型、EV71、CA163种病毒检测的疑似手足口病标本有297份,总阳性100份,阳性率为33.67%,全年没有检出EV71,CA16全年检出率为2.36%(7/297),非EV71非CA16的EV阳性率为31.31%(93/297)。51份非EV71非CA16阳性标本的序列分析表明,2022—2023检出的非EV71非CA16的EV有9种型别,分别为:CA6、CA10、CA4、CA2、CA8、柯萨奇病毒B组5型(CB5)、CB2、CB3、埃可病毒30型(E30),其中CA6占主要,为27.45%(14/51),其次是CA10,占15.69%(8/51)。结论新冠疫情结束后的2023年比疫情期间的2022年EV阳性率高。2022—2023年手足口病主要以非EV71非CA16为主,序列分析表明非EV71非CA16病毒中以CA6和CA10为主,应加强对CA6、CA10为主要非EV71非CA16病毒进行研究及监测。
