Insights on advanced g‐C_(3)N_(4)in energy storage:Applications,challenges,and future

Graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C_(3)N_(4))is a highly recognized two‐dimensional semiconductor material known for its exceptional chemical and physical stability,environmental friendliness,and pollution‐free advantages.These remarkable properties have sparked extensive research in the field of energy storage.This review paper presents the latest advances in the utilization of g‐C_(3)N_(4)in various energy storage technologies,including lithium‐ion batteries,lithium‐sulfur batteries,sodium‐ion batteries,potassium‐ion batteries,and supercapacitors.One of the key strengths of g‐C_(3)N_(4)lies in its simple preparation process along with the ease of optimizing its material structure.It possesses abundant amino and Lewis basic groups,as well as a high density of nitrogen,enabling efficient charge transfer and electrolyte solution penetration.Moreover,the graphite‐like layered structure and the presence of largeπbonds in g‐C_(3)N_(4)contribute to its versatility in preparing multifunctional materials with different dimensions,element and group doping,and conjugated systems.These characteristics open up possibilities for expanding its application in energy storage devices.This article comprehensively reviews the research progress on g‐C_(3)N_(4)in energy storage and highlights its potential for future applications in this field.By exploring the advantages and unique features of g‐C_(3)N_(4),this paper provides valuable insights into harnessing the full potential of this material for energy storage applications.

In situ luminescence measurements of GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) film under different energy proton irradiations

Ion beam-induced luminescence(IBIL) experiments were performed to investigate the in situ luminescence of GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) at varying ion energies,which allowed for the measurement of defects at different depths within the material.The energies of H^(+)were set to 500 keV,640 keV and 2 MeV,the Bragg peaks of which correspond to the GaN film,GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) heterojunction and Al_(2)O_(3) substrate,respectively.A photoluminescence measurement at 250 K was also performed for comparison,during which only near band edge(NBE) and yellow band luminescence in the GaN film were observed.The evolution of the luminescence of the NBE and yellow band in the GaN film was discussed,and both exhibited a decrease with the fluence of H^(+).Additionally,the luminescence of F centers,induced by oxygen vacancies,and Cr^(3+),resulting from the ^(2)E →^(4)A_(2) radiative transition in Al_(2)O_(3),were measured using 2 MeV H^(+).The luminescence intensity of F centers increases gradually with the fluence of H^(+).The luminescence evolution of Cr^(3+)is consistent with a yellow band center,attributed to its weak intensity,and it is situated within the emission band of the yellow band in the GaN film.Our results show that IBIL measurement can effectively detect the luminescence behavior of multilayer films by adjusting the ion energy.Luminescence measurement can be excited by various techniques,but IBIL can satisfy in situ luminescence measurement,and multilayer structural materials of tens of micrometers can be measured through IBIL by adjusting the energy of the inducing ions.The evolution of defects at different layers with ion fluence can be obtained.

高热稳定性近红外荧光粉BaY_(2)Al_(2)Ga_(2)SiO_(12):Cr^(3+)的合成及发光性质

近年来,近红外荧光粉转换发光二极管(NIR pc-LED)在夜视、生物成像和无损检测等领域引起了广泛关注。然而,获得兼具高量子效率和优异热稳定性的近红外荧光粉仍然是一个巨大挑战。本文利用高温固相法合成了一种新型近红外荧光粉BaY_(2)Al_(2)Ga_(2)SiO_(12):Cr^(3+)(BYAGSO:Cr^(3+)),并系统研究了材料的结构和发光性质。在440 nm蓝光激发下,BYAGSO:Cr^(3+)荧光粉的发射光谱在650~850 nm范围内呈现锐线和宽带的混合发射,源于Cr^(3+):^(2)E→^(4)A_(2)自旋禁戒跃迁和^(4)T_(2)→^(4)A_(2)自旋允许跃迁发射。该近红外发光表现出可观的量子效率和良好的热稳定性,最优化样品的外量子效率可达30.3%,在200℃时样品的发光强度可保持其在室温时强度的99%。通过将BYAGSO:Cr^(3+)荧光粉与450 nm蓝光LED芯片结合,我们封装了一个NIR pc‐LED器件。该器件在300m A驱动电流下,输出功率为70.83 mW;在20m A驱动电流下,光电转换效率为11.20%。研究结果表明,BY-AGSO:Cr^(3+)在NIR pc-LED领域具有良好的应用前景。

Cr^(3+)掺杂的宽带近红外荧光粉研究进展

荧光转换型近红外发光二极管(NIR pc-LED)具有体积小、谱带宽和峰位易调谐等优点,是新一代NIR光源发展的前沿,其关键在于研发可被蓝光有效激发的高效率宽带近红外荧光粉。面向广泛研究的Cr^(3+)激活近红外发光材料,本文综述了发射峰在800~900 nm波段材料发展现状。基于磷酸盐、硼酸盐和硅锗酸盐等体系,阐述了其结构特征与近红外发光峰位、谱带宽度的关系,以及采用工艺优化、组分调节和共掺杂等方法调控近红外发光效率、热稳定性能的效果。

Li(Sc,M)Si_(2)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)(M=Ga^(3+)/Lu^(3+)/Y^(3+)/Gd^(3+))的近红外发光性能

荧光转换型近红外发光二极管(NIR pc-LED)具有体积小、谱带宽、峰位易调谐等优点,是新一代NIR光源发展的前沿,其关键在于研发可被蓝光有效激发的高效率宽带近红外荧光粉。LiScSi_(2)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)荧光材料的激发波长为460 nm,发射峰位在845 nm,光谱带宽为156 nm,内量子效率为64.4%。基于该体系,本文通过M离子(M=Ga^(3+),Lu^(3+),Y^(3+),Gd^(3+))取代Sc^(3+)的方式对其性能进行调控。结果表明,引入M离子易生成杂相或发生相变,降低了材料的发光性能。本文从晶体结构出发对其调控过程进行了分析。

多格位阳离子共掺提升LiScSi_(2)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)近红外荧光粉的光吸收

采用高温固相法制备Na^(+)、In^(3+)、Ge^(4+)单掺或共掺杂的LiScSi_(2)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)荧光粉,通过漫反射光谱、光致激发和发射光谱、量子效率测试等手段对其光吸收及光致发光性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,Na^(+)、In^(3+)、Ge^(4+)等离子单独掺杂均可提升LiScSi_(2)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)荧光粉对460 nm蓝光的吸收,而多格位阳离子共掺可进一步增强光吸收能力,吸收效率可从最初的50.5%提升至60.9%。多格位离子单掺或共掺引起Cr^(3+)占据八面体结构畸变程度增加,从而导致光吸收增强。优化荧光体系LiSc_(0.4)In_(0.6)Si_(1.6)Ge_(0.4)O_(6)∶Cr^(3+)的近红外发射峰波长为860 nm,半高宽为160 nm,内、外量子效率分别为72.5%和41.8%,封装制成的荧光转换型LED器件在100 mA驱动电流下近红外光输出功率为63.1 mW,近红外电光转换效率为22.3%,表现出较好的近红外发光综合性能。本研究工作为增强Cr^(3+)激活近红外荧光粉的光吸收提供了一种有效手段。

F/O阴离子取代调控ZnGa_(2)O_(4):Cr^(3+)近红外发光

采用高温固相法制备了一系列ZnGa_(2)O_(4):xCr^(3+),yMgF_(2)荧光粉,并研究其物相结构和发光性能。结果表明,MgF_(2)掺杂起主导作用的是F离子,F/O阴离子取代形成局域环境不同的[CrO_(6)]和[Cr(O,F)_(6)]发光中心,使ZnGa_(2)O_(4):Cr^(3+)发光谱显著宽化。进而通过增加Cr^(3+)浓度使发射谱不断红移,实现了峰值波长689~900nm波段可调发光;稳/瞬态光谱学分析表明谱峰大幅红移来自于不同Cr^(3+)发光中心间的能量传递。优化样品ZnGa_(2)O_(4):0.1Cr^(3+),0.2MgF_(2)(ZMGOF∶0.1Cr^(3+))表现出较好的综合性能,蓝光激发下宽带近红外发射覆盖700~1200nm波段,峰值波长885nm、半高宽215nm;且具有较为优异的发光效率和热稳定性,内、外量子效率分别为92.3%和48.1%,100℃强度保持率约89.6%。采用ZMGOF:0.1Cr^(3+)荧光粉封装制成的LED器件在100mA电流驱动下近红外光输出功率约34.5mW,能量转换效率约12.3%。

宽带近红外荧光材料InBO_(3)∶Cr^(3+)的发光性能及应用研究

近红外光谱技术在无损检测、生物成像和夜视等领域有着广阔的应用,开发一种小型化、快速响应的宽带近红外光源是其大规模应用的前提。基于近红外荧光粉的转换型发光二极管(NIR pc-LED)由于具有紧凑高效、成本低、寿命长等特点而备受关注。目前,开发高效稳定的宽带近红外发射材料成为该技术的关键。采用高温固相法合成了三方晶系的InBO_(3)∶Cr^(3+)荧光粉,在450nm蓝光的激发下,其实现了700~1100nm的宽带近红外发射。随着Cr^(3+)浓度的增加,荧光粉的发射带出现红移。得到的最佳掺杂浓度为2%Cr^(3+)(摩尔分数),其光学带隙为2.35eV,活化能ΔE为0.53eV。将荧光粉与蓝光芯片结合,构筑了具有宽带发射的NIR pc-LED器件。以该LED作为近红外光源,证实了其在生物医学成像和食品检测等领域的潜在应用前景。

大尺寸优质Cr^(3+)∶BeAl_(2)O_(4)晶体生长与性能研究

本文采用感应加热提拉法结合上称重自动控径技术,成功生长出大尺寸、高质量的翠绿宝石(Cr^(3+)∶BeAl_(2)O_(4))晶体。晶坯等径圆柱体尺寸达到ϕ70 mm×140 mm,晶坯质量超过2800 g。通过冷光源照射晶坯,发现晶坯中心区域ϕ10~15 mm存在气泡。采用5 mW绿光激光照射ϕ8 mm×130 mm的翠绿宝石晶体棒,晶体内部无散射颗粒。利用Zygo激光平面干涉仪对晶体棒进行测试,波前畸变为0.3λ@632.8 nm。用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了翠绿宝石晶体的铬离子掺杂浓度,并计算出轴向浓度梯度为0.5×10^(-4)~1.9×10^(-4)cm^(-1)(摩尔分数)。用Perkin Elmer Lambda-950紫外可见近红外分光光度计测试了不同掺杂浓度的翠绿宝石晶体在室温下的吸收光谱,并计算了吸收系数。这些研究结果为翠绿宝石晶体的应用提供了重要的基础数据。

Cr^(3+)掺杂Ca_(4)HfGe_(3)O_(12)宽带近红外荧光粉的发光特性及应用

近红外荧光粉在生物活体成像领域展现出重要的应用前景。但活体成像用近红外荧光粉存在种类匮乏、耐温性差等瓶颈问题。采用固相法合成了宽带近红外Ca_(4)HfGe_(3)O_(12):xCr^(3+)(0≤x≤0.09)荧光粉。X射线衍射和能谱分析的结果表明Cr^(3+)离子成功进入Ca_(4)HfGe_(3)O_(12)晶格。在469 nm蓝光激发下,Ca_(4)HfGe_(3)O_(12):xCr^(3+)荧光粉发射出690~1200 nm的宽带近红外光,峰值波长为825 nm(4T2-4A2),半高宽达到141 nm,Cr^(3+)掺杂最佳浓度为0.03。依据激发光谱峰形和寿命衰减行为,证实Cr^(3+)仅占据基质中一种阳离子格位。Ca_(4)HfGe_(3)O_(12):0.03Cr^(3+)荧光粉的荧光量子效率为33.63%,该荧光粉发射光谱在400 K下的积分面积为室温下的60.5%,表明该样品具有优良的热稳定性。采用自制近红外荧光粉转换器件照射人手掌和滤波片遮挡的水果,观察到清晰地静脉血管和遮挡水果的轮廓。

Cr^(3+)掺杂Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)-Al_(2)O_(3)的光致发光和温度传感特性研究

为了开发具有高发光效率和高测温灵敏度的光学温度传感材料,采用高温固相法合成了一系列Cr^(3+)掺杂Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)-xAl_(2)O_(3)(x=0,0.5,1.25,2,2.75,3.5)固熔体。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、稳态激发和发射光谱表征,详细研究了Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)中Al_(2)O_(3)的掺杂浓度对其结构和发光性能的影响。研究表明,提高Al_(2)O_(3)掺杂量可以增加固熔体中的八面体配位,同时削弱了晶体场强度,有利于Cr^(3+)的发光。在303~773 K温度范围内,利用该材料中Cr^(3+)荧光寿命以及热耦合能级荧光强度比的温度依赖特性进行测温研究,两种方法的相对测温灵敏度分别在500 K时达到最大值0.802%K^(-1),在303 K时达到最大值0.977%K^(-1)。除此之外,本文首次提出利用激光强度与荧光强度之比作为测温参数的比率型测温方法,在773 K时取得最大相对测温灵敏度为1.036%K^(-1)。上述研究结果表明,Cr^(3+)掺杂Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)-xAl_(2)O_(3)固熔体材料具有良好的光学温度传感特性,三种不同模式的测温方法为该材料在发光测温领域的应用提供了广阔的前景。

近红外二区长波发射Na_(3)YSi_(3)O_(9):x Cr^(3+)硅酸盐及多格位占据光谱展宽

以Cr^(3+)为激活剂的荧光粉被认为是目前最有可能实现商业化的近红外材料.但目前这类荧光粉的发射波长一般位于小于850 nm的近红外一区,以Cr^(3+)为激活剂实现近红外二区发射仍然具有挑战.本文采用普适的固相法制备了一系列Na_(3)Y_(1–x)Si_(3)O_(9):x Cr^(3+)硅酸盐荧光粉,利用Na_(3)YSi_(3)O_(9)硅酸盐属性及结构中多种适于Cr^(3+)占据的八面体位点有效红移并展宽光谱.对样品的物相、晶体结构、微观形貌、光致发光、主发射峰衰减和热稳定性等进行了系统研究.结果显示,所制样品均为纯相,形貌不均匀略有团聚,尺寸在微米量级.Cr^(3+)在Na_(3)YSi_(3)O_(9)晶格中位于弱晶体场环境,八面体晶体场参数Dq和Racah参数B的比值Dq/B=2.29.在485 nm蓝光激发下Na3Y_(1–x)Si_(3)O_(9):x Cr^(3+)荧光粉最强发射峰位于984 nm处(NIR II区),长于大多数Cr^(3+)激活的荧光粉.且得益于Cr^(3+)在晶格中的多格位占据,发射光谱的半峰宽高达183 nm.Na3Y_(1–x)Si_(3)O_(9):x Cr^(3+)中最佳掺杂浓度为3%,猝灭机理为Cr^(3+)离子间的偶极-偶极作用.Na3Y_(1–x)Si_(3)O_(9):x Cr^(3+)主发射峰荧光衰减动力学分析表明室温荧光寿命约为37.95μs,且随着掺杂浓度增大及温度升高(至423 K)逐渐降低.

蓝光激发的KMgF_(3)∶Cr^(3+)/Ni^(2+)基透明微晶玻璃超宽带近红外发光

近红外光谱技术在食品科学、信息安全、生物医疗等重大国计民生领域的应用对近红外光源提出了越来越高的要求。研发具有高效超宽带发射的近红外光源因此成为一项重要且迫切的研究课题。本文采用熔融淬火法在氟硅酸盐玻璃体系SiO_(2)-K_(2)CO_(3)-KF·2H_(2)O-MgF_(2)中成功析出了钙钛矿型KMgF_(3)纳米晶体。通过改变玻璃组分和热处理温度可以调控氟化物纳米晶相的析出,得到析晶和透明度最佳的微晶玻璃样品。玻璃中KMgF_(3)纳米晶体为Cr^(3+)和Ni^(2+)提供了稳定的八面体配位和低声子能量发光环境,在450 nm蓝光激发下,基于Cr^(3+)到Ni^(2+)的能量传递实现了Cr^(3+)(700~1200 nm)和Ni^(2+)(1400~1700 nm)双宽带近红外发射,并且双宽带近红外发光强度随离子掺杂浓度而可调变化。荧光光谱和荧光衰减曲线表征证明了Cr^(3+)到Ni^(2+)的能量传递过程,对应的能量传递效率为52.2%,能量传递机制为电子偶极-四极相互作用。研究结果不仅可以为系统掌握透明光学材料的超宽带发光规律提供基础数据,同时有助于设计开发低成本、高效率的近红外宽带光源。

Yb^(3+)/Nd^(3+)掺杂对Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶Cr^(3+)发光性能的影响

近红外荧光粉由于其独特的物理特性和广阔的应用前景吸引了人们极大的研究兴趣。本文通过高温固相反应法合成Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+)近红外荧光粉,使用460 nm蓝光激发样品的发射波长位于833 nm,半峰宽为117 nm。随后引入稀土离子合成Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+),Yb^(3+)和Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+),Nd^(3+)近红外荧光粉。相比Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+),460 nm蓝光激发的Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_(7)∶0.8Cr^(3+),Yb^(3+)同时出现Cr^(3+)和Yb^(3+)特征发射峰,经过光谱分析和荧光寿命变化证明Cr^(3+)-Yb^(3+)存在能量传递通道,最高使Cr^(3+)-Yb^(3+)能量传递效率达80.2%,得益于Yb^(3+)卓越的热稳定性促使整体荧光光谱热稳定性提高约3.7倍。设计合成的Sr_(9)Ga(PO_(4))_7∶0.8Cr^(3+),Nd^(3+)样品调制出833,876,1 060 nm的多峰发射,显著拓宽了近红外光谱范围。最终,讨论了荧光粉在温度传感和无损检测领域的应用,证明该系列荧光粉具有广阔的应用前景。

Solid-state NMR study on sodium intercalation at low voltage window for Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) as an anode

In-situ XRD,^(31)P NMR and ^(23)Na NMR were used to analyze the interaction behavior of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) at low voltage,and then a new intercalation model was proposed.During the transition from Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) to Na_(4)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3),Na ions insert into M1,M2 and M3 sites simultaneously.Afterwards,during the transition of Na_(4)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)to Na_(5)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3),Na ions mainly insert into M3 site.

植物补光用In^(3+)掺杂Zn_(3)Ga_(2)Ge_(2)O_(10)∶Cr^(3+)远红光发光材料的性能研究

采用高温固相法制备了Cr^(3+)掺杂的远红光荧光粉,并通过引入In^(3+)对Zn_(3)Ga_(2)Ge_(2)O_(10)∶Cr^(3+)发光特性进行了调控。通过XRD对Zn_(3)(Ga_(1-x)In_(x))_(2)Ge_(2)O_(10)∶2%Cr^(3+)(摩尔分数)的晶体结构进行了分析。利用室温荧光光谱和热释光光谱分析了Zn_(3)(Ga_(1-x)In_(x))_(2)Ge_(2)O_(10)∶2%Cr^(3+)的发光特性,其发射光谱由^(4)T_(2)(^(4)F)→^(4)A_(2)和^(2)E→^(4)A_(2)跃迁的705、721 nm两发光峰叠加而成。随着Zn_(3)(Ga_(1-x)In_(x))_(2)Ge_(2)O_(10)∶2%Cr^(3+)中In^(3+)掺杂浓度增加,材料发射光谱呈现展宽的现象,这是Cr^(3+)所处晶体场环境的改变导致了晶体场劈裂程度的变化。光谱展宽后荧光材料的发光特性与植物中光敏色素吸收谱更加匹配,因此其有望应用于植物照明领域。此外,随着In^(3+)掺杂浓度增加,荧光材料表现出红色长余辉现象,并且余辉时间与In^(3+)掺杂浓度有关。

Robust Cross-Linked Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3) Full Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have rapidly risen to the forefront of energy storage systems as a promising supplementary for Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3)(NVPF)as a common cathode of SIBs,features the merits of high operating voltage,small volume change and favorable specific energy density.However,it suffers from poor cycling stability and rate performance induced by its low intrinsic conductivity.Herein,we propose an ingenious strategy targeting superior SIBs through cross-linked NVPF with multi-dimensional nanocarbon frameworks composed of amorphous carbon and carbon nanotubes(NVPF@C@CNTs).This rational design ensures favorable particle size for shortened sodium ion transmission pathway as well as improved electronic transfer network,thus leading to enhanced charge transfer kinetics and superior cycling stability.Benefited from this unique structure,significantly improved electrochemical properties are obtained,including high specific capacity(126.9 mAh g^(-1)at 1 C,1 C=128 mA g^(-1))and remarkably improved long-term cycling stability with 93.9%capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 20 C.The energy density of 286.8 Wh kg^(-1)can be reached for full cells with hard carbon as anode(NVPF@C@CNTs//HC).Additionally,the electrochemical performance of the full cell at high temperature is also investigated(95.3 mAh g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 1 C at 50℃).Such nanoscale dual-carbon networks engineering and thorough discussion of ion diffusion kinetics might make contributions to accelerating the process of phosphate cathodes in SIBs for large-scale energy storages.

Interfacial built-in electric field and crosslinking pathways enabling WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction with robust sodium storage at low temperature

Developing efficient energy storage for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by creating high-performance heterojunctions and understanding their interfacial interaction at the atomic/molecular level holds promise but is also challenging.Besides,sluggish reaction kinetics at low temperatures restrict the operation of SIBs in cold climates.Herein,cross-linking nanoarchitectonics of WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,featuring built-in electric field(BIEF),have been developed,employing as a model to reveal the positive effect of heterojunction design and BIEF for modifying the reaction kinetics and electrochemical activity.Particularly,the theoretical analysis manifests the discrepancy in work functions leads to the electronic flow from the electron-rich Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) to layered WS_(2),spontaneously forming the BIEF and“ion reservoir”at the heterogeneous interface.Besides,the generation of cross-linking pathways further promotes the transportation of electrons/ions,which guarantees rapid diffusion kinetics and excellent structure coupling.Consequently,superior sodium storage performance is obtained for the WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,with only 0.2%decay per cycle at 5.0 A g^(-1)(25℃)up to 1000 cycles and a high capacity of 293.5 mA h g^(-1)(0.1A g^(-1)after 100 cycles)even at-20℃.Importantly,the spontaneously formed BIEF,accompanied by“ion reservoir”,in heterojunction provides deep understandings of the correlation between structure fabricated and performance obtained.

Extending the solid solution range of sodium ferric pyrophosphate:Off‐stoichiometric Na_(3)Fe(2.5)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2)as a novel cathode for sodium‐ion batteries

Iron‐based pyrophosphates are attractive cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries due to their large framework,cost‐effectiveness,and high energy density.However,the understanding of the crystal structure is scarce and only a limited candidates have been reported so far.In this work,we found for the first time that a continuous solid solution,Na_(4−α)Fe_(2+α)_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2)(0≤α≤1,could be obtained by mutual substitution of cations at center‐symmetric Na3 and Na4 sites while keeping the crystal building blocks of anionic P_(2)O_(7) unchanged.In particular,a novel off‐stoichiometric Na_(3)Fe(2.5)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2)is thus proposed,and its structure,energy storage mechanism,and electrochemical performance are extensively investigated to unveil the structure–function relationship.The as‐prepared off‐stoichiometric electrode delivers appealing performance with a reversible discharge capacity of 83 mAh g^(−1),a working voltage of 2.9 V(vs.Na^(+)/Na),the retention of 89.2%of the initial capacity after 500 cycles,and enhanced rate capability of 51 mAh g^(−1)at a current density of 1600 mA g^(−1).This research shows that sodium ferric pyrophosphate could form extended solid solution composition and promising phase is concealed in the range of Na_(4−α)Fe_(2+α)_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2),offering more chances for exploration of new cathode materials for the construction of high‐performance SIBs.

Effects of anti-CD4 antibody treatment on calcium ions influx in peanut-sensitized C3H/HeJ mice

The precise mechanism underlying the effects of anti-CD4 antibody and calcium ions(Ca^(2+)) in peanut allergy remains unknown.C3 H/HeJ mice sensitized with peanut protein extract(PPE)were injected with anti-CD4 antibodies for 4 weeks.Stimulation with PPE increased the specific immunoglobulin E(IgE),cytokine,histamine,and mMcp-1 levels,upregulated decorin(Dcn)expression,induced Ca^(2+) inflow in the spleen,and augmented the expression of the transcription factors GATA-3 and Foxp3,which resulted in Th2 and Treg cell activation.Notably,the Ca^(2+) levels were positively correlated with the histamine,interleukin(IL)-4,IL-5,and IL-13 levels,and negatively correlated with IL-10 levels.However,administration of anti-CD4 antibodies markedly alleviated allergic symptoms,activated T cells,and reduced Ca^(2+) inflow,cytokine,histamine,mMcp-1,and the IgHG3,CXCLI2,MMP2 and FABP4 gene.Our results indicated that anti-CD4 antibodies can ameliorate PPE-induced allergy,which is probably related to the suppression of Ca^(2+) inflow,and inhibiting histamine,cytokine and IgHG3,CXCL12,MMP2,and FABP4,thus exerting a protective effect against PPEsensitized food allergy.