Efficient Passively Q-Switched Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG/LBO Microchip Laser

Performance of an LD-end-pumped passively Q-switched Nd： YA G/Cr4＋ ： YA G microchip laser operating at 1123 nm is studied. A maximum average output power of 517row with an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 12.6% and a slope efficiency of 25.8% is obtained under a pump power of 4.1 W. A minimum pulse width of 1.1 ns with a pulse repetition rate of 20.2kHz is obtained, and the corresponding pulse energy and peak power are 25.6μJ and 23.3kW, respectively. To our knowledge, the 23.3kW peak power is the highest among 1123nm lasers. Additionally, based on the 1123 nm laser, with LBO as the frequency doubler, a 288-mW green-yellow laser at 561 nm is successfully achieved.

一种基于Cr4+:YAG晶体的紧凑高效被动调Q 脉冲激光器

研究并设计了一种基于Nd:YVO_4晶体的紧凑高效全固态1 064 nm激光器。在连续波运转状态下,当泵浦功率为7.8 W时,激光器最大输出功率为2.49 W,相应的光-光转化效率为31.92%,斜率效率为35.77%。在此基础上,利用尺寸为3 mm×3 mm×1 mm Cr^(4+):YAG晶体作为被动调Q元件,实现了1 064 nm稳定调Q脉冲运转。当激光器谐振腔优化为9 cm、泵浦功率为7.8 W时,实验获得了2.13 W的调Q脉冲输出,相应的光-光转换效率为27.31%,重复频率为357.1 k Hz,脉冲宽度为75 ns。

LD端面泵浦Cr4∶YAG被动调Q激光器输出特性研究

对激光二极管端面泵浦Cr4+∶YAG被动调Q Nd∶YAG激光器输出特性进行了实验研究.实验研究发现,激光器输出功率及脉冲重复频率随谐振腔长度增大而增大.为解释这一实验现象,测量了泵浦光斑在激光晶体内尺寸,同时计算了激光晶体及Cr4+∶YAG晶体内的基模激光光斑半径随谐振腔长度变化.分析结果表明:激光晶体内泵浦光斑尺寸远小于激光晶体内基模光斑半径,腔模间交叠效率较低;当腔长增加时,激光晶体内的基模激光光斑减小,腔模间交叠效率增加,从而导致输出功率及脉冲重复频率随腔长增加而增加;另外,Cr4+∶YAG晶体内光斑半径也随谐振腔长度减小,引起Cr4+∶YAG晶体漂白时间缩短,导致脉冲重复频率随腔长增加而增加.

激光二极管抽运Cr4+:YAG被动调QNd:YAG激光器的实验研究

对Nd:YAG全固体激光器Cr^(4+):YAG可饱和吸收调Q进行了实验研究。利用Cr^(4+):YAG被动调Q晶体,对1064nm基频激光脉冲的脉宽进行了压缩,并探索了泵浦电流与脉冲激光的关系。实验结果显示,得到了脉冲半高宽为6.63ns,重频参数为1.59×10~5Hz的1064nm脉冲激光。此外,随着泵浦电流的增加,脉宽逐渐减小,重频参数逐渐增加。

Cr4+∶YAG被动调Q激光器脉冲输出特性研究

研究了Cr^4+∶YAG被动调Q激光器脉冲输出特性,通过Cr^4+∶YAG跃迁吸收的速率方程模型,模拟分析了Cr^4+∶YAG初始透过率和晶体长度对激光输出脉冲宽度的影响,并利用氙灯泵浦Nd∶YAG激光器进行了被动调Q实验。结合模拟结果分析了产生激光多脉冲的现象,通过对被动Q开关参数的优化,获得了激光脉冲宽度约为17.5ns,单脉冲能量为195mJ的稳定激光脉冲输出。

Numerical Modelling of QCW-Pumped Passively Q-Switched Nd：YAG Lasers with Cr^4＋：yAG as Saturable Absorber

Passively Q-switched quasi-continuous-wave （QCW） diode-pumped Nd：YAG laser with Cr^4＋ ：YAG as saturable absorber is numerically investigated by solving the coupled rate equations. The threshold pump rate for passively Q-switched QCW-pumped laser is derived. The effects of the pump rate and pump-pulse duration on the laser operation characteristics are studied theoretically. The pump power range can be estimated according to the number of output pulses. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Passively Q-Switched Nd,Cr:YAG Laser Simultaneous Dual-Wavelength Operation at 946 nm and 1.3μm

A diode-end-pumped Q-switched high-efficiency Nd, Cr：YAG laser with simultaneous dual-wavelength emission at 946nm and 1.3μm is demonstrated. The maximum output power of 1.93 W with simultaneous dual-wavelength operation is achieved at an absorbed pump power of 13.32 W and an absorbed slope efficiency of 15.15%. The maximum optical-optical efficiency is 14.49% with pulse widths of 16.38ns at 946nm and 26.65ns at 1.3μm. A maximum total repetition rate of 43.25 kHz is obtained.

Passive Q-Switching of a Yb:LuVO_4 Laser with Cr^(4+):YAG:Approaching the Intrinsic Upper Limit of Repetition Rate

We demonstrate a diode pumped Yb：LuVO4 laser that can be passively Q-switched by a Cr^（4＋）：YAG saturable absorber having an initial transmission as high as 99.3%.A maximum pulsed output power of 2.35 W is generated at a repetition rate of 285.7 kHz,approaching or very near the intrinsic upper limit imposed by the recovery time of the Cr^（4＋）：YAG saturable absorber,and the resulting pulse energy,duration and peak power are,respectively,8.2μJ,39.2ns and 0.209kW.

Diode end-pumped self-Q-switched and mode-locked Nd,Cr：YAG /KTP green laser

We first experimentally demonstrate a laser-diode end-pumped self-Q-switched and mode-locked Nd,Cr：YAG green laser with a KTP crystal as the intra-cavity frequency doubler. The device produces an average output power of 680 mW at 532 nm. The corresponding pulse width of the Q-switched envelope of the green laser is 170 ＋ 20 ns. The mode-locked pulses have a repetition rate of approximately 183 MHz and the average pulse duration is estimated to be around sub-nanosecond. It is found that the intra-cavity frequency doubling greatly improves the modulation depth and stability of the mode-locked pulses within the Q-switched envelope.

High-Power Passively Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser at 1112 nm with a Cr^(4+):YAG Saturable Absorber

A high-power passively Q-switched Nd：YAG laser operating at lll2nm with Cr4＋：yAO as a saturable absorber is demonstrated. Under 808 nm diode-direct pumping, the maximum average output power of 2.73 W is achieved at the pump power of 16.65 W, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 16.4%. At the same time, the pulse width, pulse repetition rate, single pulse energy and peak power are 27.2ns, 9 kHz, 303.3#3 and 11.2kW, respectively. As far as we know, the result gives the highest average output power at 1112nm generated by an 808 nm diode-end-pumped Nd：YAG laser.

MICROSTRUCTURE IN LASER FUSED HIGH SPEED STEEL W6Mo5Cr4V2(M2)

Microstructure of the deepest zone of high speed steel W6Mo5Cr4V2(M2)melt after laser fu-sion was found to be so fine as the ehill zone of a solidified ingot.When narrower chill zoneformed,the long columnar dendrites grow into the melt and then the fine equiaxed cellularstructure appears in upper melt region nearly surface.The substructure of cellular grains anddendrites was observed to consist of martensite and retained austenile,while the carbides asM_6C_■ Cr_7C_3 and MC distributed at their boundaries.It is believed that the highermicrohardness up to HV_(0.1)=865-960 of the laser fused structure of the alloy is due to the oc-currence of martensite.

Timing Jitter and Pulse Width Reduction in a Hybrid Q-Switched Cr,Nd：YAG Laser

We present a detailed study of a combined actively and passively Q-switched （CAPQ） laser with an acousto-optic modulator （AOM） and a codoped Cr^4＋, Nd^3＋ ：YAG crystal The hybrid Q-switch approach is used to produce a short laser pulse with stable and tunable repetition rates. The timing jitter, average pulse width, and average pulse amplitude vary periodically with the AOM modulation frequency under a fixed pump power. The repetition rate of the CAPQ laser can be turned approximately from 4 kHz to 16 kHz with the jitter less than 400 ns.

Diode-pumped Doubly Q-switched Nd∶YAG Laser with Acoustic-optical Modulator and Cr^(4+)∶YAG Saturable Absorber

A diode-pumped doubly Q-switched Nd∶YAG laser operating at 1064nm both with an acoustic-optical(AO)modulator and Cr4+∶YAG saturable absorber in the cavity is demonstrated.At the incident pump power of 11.8W the laser can generate stable 8ns pulse with the peak power of 23.6kW at a 10kHz repetition rate.The pulse temporal profile is more symmetric and shorter compared with that of passively Q-switched lasers with only AO-active and Cr4+∶YAG.A reasonable analysis is developed to explain the experimental results theoretically.

Efficient Diode-Pumped Actively Q-Switched Ceramic Nd:YAG/YVO4 Raman Laser Operating at 1657 nm

A diode-pumped actively Q-switched Raman laser is demonstrated, with YV04 employed as Raman active medium, based on a ceramic Nd：YAG laser operating at 1444nm. The first-stokes Raman generation at 1657nm is achieved. A maximum output power of as high as 612mW is obtained under a pump power of 20. 7 W and at a pulse repetition frequency rate of 20kHz, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 3%.

The 5.2 kW Nd：YAG Slab Amplifier Chain Seeded by Nd：YVO4 Innoslab Laser

A high power Nd：YAG end-pumped slab amplifier chain with a Nd：YVO4 innoslab laser as the master oscillator is demonstrated. A chain output power of 5210 W with beam quality of 4 times the diffraction limit is achieved by double-passing the first amplifier stage and single-passing the second stage with an optical efficiency of 29% while working at a frequency of 1kHz and pulse width of 200 μs.

High-power and high optical conversion efficiency diode-end-pumped laser with multi-segmented Nd：YAG/Nd：YVO-4

A novel flat-flat resonator consisting of two crystals（Nd：YAG ＋ Nd：YVO4） is established for power scaling in a diode-end-pumped solid-state laser. We systematically compare laser characteristics between multi-segmented（Nd：YAG ＋ Nd：YVO4） and conventional composite（Nd：YAG ＋ Nd：YAG） crystals to demonstrate the feasibility of spectral line matching for output power scale-up in end-pumped lasers. A maximum continuous-wave output power of 79.2 W is reported at 1064 nm, with Mx2= 4.82, My2= 5.48, and a pumping power of 136 W in the multi-segmented crystals（Nd：YAG ＋ Nd：YVO4）. Compared to conventional composite crystals（Nd：YAG ＋ Nd：YAG）, the optical-optical conversion efficiency of multi-segmented crystals（Nd：YAG ＋ Nd：YVO4） from 808 nm to 1064 nm is enhanced from 30% to 58.8%,while the laser output sensitivity as affected by the diode-laser temperature is reduced from 55% to 9%.

Diode Pumped High Peak Power Quasi Q-Switched and Passively Q-Switched Nd:YVO₄Lasers at 1064 nm and 532 nm using Cr:YAG and KTP crystals

Diode end-pumped solid-state lasers have the potential to yield high quality laser beams with high efficiency for laser range finding and warning receiver applications as well as day and night military laser designation systems. In this paper we presents theoretical calculations using Advanced Dynamics Professional LASCAD software and experimental studies for a high power pigtailed fiber diode laser module of 8 W operating at 808 nm with a specially designed high efficiency cooling system, end pumped high-efficiency Nd:YVO4 laser of 3 × 3 × 10 mm rod and overall cavity length of 44 mm. To the best of our knowledge a self Q-switching effects was generated in Nd:YVO4 laser by changing the cavity dimensions and the position of the intracavity KTP crystal at certain regime of operation for the first time, in which the cavity length is reduced to be 30 mm and the distance between Nd:YVO4 rod and KTP crystal is only 1mm. Self Q-switched laser pulse at 532 nm with high peak power of 96 W, pulse width of 88 ns at FWHM and repetition rate of 400 kHz was achieved. Experimental studies of a passive Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser using Cr:YAG crystal with three different transmissions of 30%, 40% and 70% were investigated. Passive Q-switched laser pulse at 1064 nm and narrow line width of less than 1.5 nm with highest peak power of nearly 18 kW, short pulse width of less than 4 ns at FWHM and higher repetition rate of 45 kHz using Cr:YAG with transmission of 30% was achieved for the first time.

基于YAG/Nd:YAG/Cr^(4+):YAG键合晶体的被动调Q亚纳秒激光器

全固态被动调Q激光器有光束质量好、脉冲宽度窄、结构紧凑等特点,在雷达探测、工业制造等领域具有广泛应用前景。对YAG/Nd:YAG/Cr^(4+):YAG键合晶体被动调Q激光器的输出特性进行了理论和实验研究,在泵浦光中心波长为808 nm、光斑直径为230μm、泵浦功率为6.72 W的泵浦条件下,获得了平均功率1.41 W、脉宽736 ps,重复频率8.46 kHz的调Q激光输出。进一步研究表明,随着泵浦光焦点远离Nd:YAG端面,激光光斑的对称性下降;且泵浦光焦点离Nd:YAG端面的距离沿晶体轴向增大时,激光阈值呈上升趋势。

Nd:GdTaO_(4)/Cr^(4+):YAG键合晶体调Q激光器脉冲输出特性理论研究

根据激光速率方程,对Nd: GdTaO_(4)/Cr^(4+):YAG键合晶体调Q激光器的脉冲输出特性进行了理论研究。系统分析了1.06μm波长附近可饱和吸收体Cr^(4+):YAG的初始透过率和激光谐振腔输出镜的反射率对调Q激光器的脉冲重复频率和脉冲宽度的影响。在初始透过率T0一定时,研究了不同反射率的输出腔镜与调Q激光脉冲宽度的关系,当R=0.7时,脉宽达到了0.24 ns。同时理论模拟了输出镜反射率为固定值时,激光器输出特性与初始透过率T0之间的变化关系。研究发现,随着初始透过率增大,脉冲宽度有下降趋势,在T0=0.76获得0.264 ns的脉冲宽度,但是,输出脉冲的重复频率逐渐增大。研究结果表明,可饱和吸收体初始透过率和输出镜反射率对Nd: GdTaO_(4)/Cr^(4+):YAG调Q激光器输出脉冲的影响程度不同,选择合适的T0和R可以输出理想的激光脉冲。

Cr^(4+)∶YAG被动调Q4倍频全固态紫外激光器的研究

设计了LD泵浦Cr4 + ∶YAG被动调Q的全固态Nd∶YAG脉冲红外激光器。腔外首先经过焦距为10 0mm的聚焦透镜 ,将 10 6 4nm的红外激光耦合到长为 9mm的KTP 2倍频晶体中 ,得到平均功率为 2 9mW的脉冲绿光。然后将 5 32nm的脉冲绿光经过焦距为 30mm的聚焦透镜 ,耦合到长为 4mm的BBO 4倍频晶体上 ,获得了峰值功率为 7.3W ,平均功率为 1.1mW ,重复频率为 12 .5kHz,脉冲宽度为 12ns的 2 6 6nm紫外激光 ,其绿光 紫外光的转换效率为 3.8%,红外光 紫外光的转换效率为 0 .7%。