General forms of elastic-plastic matching equations for mode-Ⅲ cracks near crack line

Crack line analysis is an effective way to solve elastic-plastic crack problems. Application of the method does not need the traditional small-scale yielding conditions and can obtain sufficiently accurate solutions near the crack line. To address mode- Ⅲ crack problems under the perfect elastic-plastic condition, matching procedures of the crack line analysis method axe summarized and refined to give general forms and formulation steps of plastic field, elastic-plastic boundary, and elastic-plastic matching equations near the crack line. The research unifies mode-III crack problems under different conditions into a problem of determining four integral constants with four matching equations. An example is given to verify correctness, conciseness, and generality of the procedure.

Near Crack Line Elastic-Plastic Analysis for an Infinite Plate Loaded by a Pair of Point Shear Forces

The near crack line analysis method was used to investigate a crack loaded by a pair of point shear forces in an infinite plate in an elastic-perfectly plastic solid. The analytical solution was obtained, that is the elastic-plastic fields near crack line and law that the length of the plastic zone along the crack line is varied with external loads. The results are sufficiently precise near the crack line and are not confined by small scale yielding conditions.

THE EXACT SOLUTIONS OF ELASTIC－PLASTIC CRACK LINE FIELD FOR MODE Ⅱ PLANE STRESS CRACK

The near crack line field analysis method has been used to investigate into the exact elastic-plastic solutions of a mode Ⅱ crack under plane stress condition in anelastic-perfectly plastic solid. The assumptions of the usual small scale yielding theoryhave been completely. dbandoned and the correct .formulations of matching conditionsat the elastic-plastic boundary have been given. By matching the general solution of the plastic stress field (but not the special solution used to be adopted) will the exactelastic stress field (but not the crack tip K-dominant field) at the elastic-plasticboundary. near the crack line, the plastic .stresses, the length of the plastic zone and theunit normal vector of the elaslic-plastic boundary. which sufficiently precise nearthe crack line region, hare been given.

THE EXACT SOLUTIONS OF ELASTIC－PLASTIC CRACK LINE FIELD FOR MODE Ⅱ PLANE STRESS CRACK

The near crack line field analysis method has been used io investigate into theexact elastic-plastic solutions of a mode II crack under plane stress condilion in anelastic-perfectly plastic solid. The assumptions of the usual small scale yielding theory.hare been completely. dbandoned and the correct formulations of matching conditionsat the elaslic-plastic boundary. have been given. By, matching the general solution ofthe plastic slress field (bul not the special solution used to be adopted) with the exactelastic stress field (but not the crack tip K-dominant field) at the elastic-plasticboundary, near the crack line, the plastic stresses. the length of the plastic =one and theunit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary.which are sufficiently precise near the crack line region ,have been given.

NEAR CRACK LINE ELASTIC-PLASTIC ANALYSIS FOR A FINITE PLATE LOADED BY TWO PAIRS OF ANTIPLANE POINT FORCES

In this paper, the improved near crack line analysis method proposed in Refs. [1] and [2] is used to investigate a center crack loaded by two pairs of antiplane point forces in a finite plate in an elastic-perfectly plastic solid. And the analytical solutions are obtained, that is elastic-plastic stress fields near the crack line and the law that the length of the plastic zone along the crack line is varied with an external loads tr,ld the bearing capacity of a finite plate with a center crack. The results of this paper are sufficiently precise near the crack line, because the assumptions of the small scale yielding theory have not been used and no other assumptions have been taken.

GENERAL FORM OF MATCHING EQUATION OF ELASTIC-PLASTIC FIELD NEAR CRACK LINE FOR MODE I CRACK UNDER PLANE STRESS CONDITION

Crack line field analysis method has become an independent method for crack elastic-plastic analysis, which greatly simplifies the complexity of crack elastic-plastic problems and overcomes the corresponding mathematical difficulty. With this method, the precise elastic-plastic solutions near crack lines for variety of crack problems can be obtained. But up to now all solutions obtained by this method were for different concrete problems, no general steps and no general form of matching equations near crack line are given out. With crack line analysis method, this paper proposes the general steps of elastic plastic analysis near crack line for mode I crack in elastic-perfectly plastic solids under plane stress condition, and in turn given out the solving process and result for a specific problem.

NEAR CRACK LINE ELASTIC－PLASTIC ANALYSIS FOR A CRACK LOADED BY ANTIPLANE POINT FORCES

In this paper, the improved near crack line analysis method proposed in Refs. [1]and [2] is used to investigate a mode Ⅲ crack loaded by antiplane point forces in aninfinite plate in an elastic-perfectly plastic solid. The solutions of this paper aresufficiently precise near the crack line region because. the assumptions of the smallscale yielding theory have not been used and no other assumptions have been taken.

EXACT SOLUTIONS OF NEAR CRACK LINE FIELDS FOR MODE I CRACK UNDER PLANE STRESS CONDITION IN AN ELASTIC－PERFECTLY PLASTIC SOLID

The near crack line analysis method has been used in the present paper,The classical small scale yielding conditions have been completely abandoned in the analyses and one inappropriate matching condition used to be used at the elasticplastic boundary has been corrected.The reasonable solution of the plastic stresses near the crack line region has been established.By matching the plastic stresses with the exact elastic stresses at the elastic-plastic boundary,the plastic stresses the length of the plastic zone and the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary near the crock line region have been obtained for a mode I crack under uniaxial tension,as well as a mode I crack under biaxial tension,which shows that for both conditions the plastic stress componentsσy, and σsy.he length of the plastic zone and the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary are quite the same while the plastic stress σs is different.

Cracking analysis of fracture mechanics by the finite element method of lines(FEMOL)

The Finite Element Method of Lines （FEMOL） is a semi-analytic approach and takes a position between FEM and analytic methods. First, FEMOL in Fracture Mechanics is presented in detail. Then, the method is applied to a set of examples such as edge-crack plate, the central-crack plate, the plate with cracks emanating from a hole under tensile or under combination loads of tensile and bending. Their dimensionless stress distribution, the stress intensify factor （SIF） and crack opening displacement （COD） are obtained, and comparison with known solutions by other methods are reported. It is found that a good accuracy is achieved by FEMOL. The method is successfully modified to remarkably increase the accuracy and reduce convergence difficulties. So it is a very useful and new tool in studying fracture mechanics problems.

STUDY ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE BODIES CONTAINING CRACKS USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD OF LINES

The three-dimensional finite element method of lines is presented, and the basic processing description of 3D FEMOL in cracking questions is given in detail. Applications to 3D bodies with cracks indicate that good accuracy can be obtained with relatively coarse girds. In particular, application to the tension specimen shows very good agreement with the evaluation of stress intensity factors, which is better than the results of other methods. This implies a considerable potential for using this method in the 3D analysis of finite geometry solids and suggests a possible extension of this technique to nonlinear material behavior.

ANALYSIS OF THE SINGULARITY FOR THE VERTICAL CONTACT PROBLEM OF LINE CRACK-INCLUSION

Taking the short-fiber composite materials as engineering back-ground, utilizing the existing basic solutions of single inclusion and single crack, the plane problem of vertical contact interactions between line crack and rigid line inclusion in infinite plane (matrix) from the viewpoint of crack fracture mechanics is studied. According to boundary conditions, a set of standard Cauchy-type singular integral equations of the problem is obtainable. Besides, singular indexes, stresses and stress intensity factors around the contact point are expressed. Numerical examples are given to provide references to engineering.

Study on Crack Propagation Parameters of Tunnel Lining Structure Based on Peridynamics

The numerical simulation results utilizing the Peridynamics(PD)method reveal that the initial crack and crack propagation of the tunnel concrete lining structure agree with the experimental data compared to the Japanese prototype lining test.The load structure model takes into account the cracking process and distribution of the lining segment under the influence of local bias pressure and lining thickness.In addition,the influence of preset cracks and lining section formon the crack propagation of the concrete lining model is studied.This study evaluates the stability and sustainability of tunnel structure by the Peridynamics method,which provides a reference for the analysis of the causes of lining cracks,and also lays a foundation for the prevention,reinforcement and repair of tunnel lining cracks.

炮孔间距对偏心不耦合装药贯通裂纹扩展的影响

为研究光面爆破中偏心不耦合装药炮孔间距对贯通裂纹扩展的影响,利用同心不耦合装药的孔壁压力计算公式并结合应力波叠加原理,推导偏心不耦合装药的炮孔间距计算方法。基于求得的炮孔间距范围,计算3种岩石介质在不同炮孔间距条件下贯通裂纹的扩展位置,并选择砂岩材料进行数值模拟。结果表明:偏心不耦合装药爆破中,贯通裂纹主要集中于偏心侧;抗拉强度大的岩石,贯通裂纹偏离炮孔连心线的程度也较大。砂岩的炮孔间距为60 cm时,贯通裂纹扩展方向与炮孔连心线重合,连心线下方出现裂纹比较集中的贯通区域;炮孔间距的增大导致贯通裂纹远离炮孔连心线,从而造成欠挖。偏心不耦合装药爆破后,偏心侧岩石的损伤明显大于非偏心侧。

融合多尺度特征的YOLOv8裂缝缺陷检测算法

针对井壁裂缝背景复杂,纵横比差异大,导致检测效率低、漏检等问题,提出了一种融合多尺度特征的裂缝缺陷检测模型EDG-YOLO。设计特征提取模块EIRBlock(efficient inverted residual block),并构建C2fEIR增强主干网络对井壁浅层裂缝特征信息的提取能力。在颈部融合CSP_EDRAN(CSP efficient dilated reparam aggregation network)实现对裂缝特征信息的复用,促进浅层与深层语义信息之间的交互。嵌入DAM(dual attention module)注意力机制,增强井壁裂缝特征的表达能力。构建轻量级检测头GDetect,借助GSConv模块进一步轻量化网络。在自制井壁裂缝数据集上的实验结果表明,与YOLOv8相比,EDG-YOLO的平均检测精度达到87.4%,提高了2.3个百分点,模型的参数量和计算量分别降低了33%和47%,单幅图像推理时间为13.2 ms,满足井下场景的实时检测需求。

高铁气动荷载作用下隧道衬砌开裂体动力响应分析

根据高速铁路隧道衬砌壁面气动荷载特性,在理论分析及模型试验基础上,采用数值模拟对列车风作用下衬砌开裂体固有频率和动力响应进行研究,分析了衬砌开裂体尺寸和气动荷载加载频率及峰值的影响,对气动荷载作用下衬砌裂损处的安全性进行辨识.结果表明:开裂体固有频率与自身厚度之间存在线性关系,并随其长度增加而快速降低,下降幅度最高可达70.29%;开裂体位移响应随外荷载峰值增加而增加,且与荷载加载周期数正相关.外荷载频率接近结构固有频率时,结构的位移和速度均显著增加.当荷载频率为1和5 Hz时,开裂体悬臂端位移峰值分别为荷载频率3 Hz时的10.75%和13.62%.

钢筋锈蚀作用下隧道衬砌结构力学性能劣化研究

考虑锈蚀引起的钢筋力学性能劣化、混凝土有效截面减少、两者黏结性能退化等因素,建立围岩压力作用下钢筋锈蚀隧道衬砌模型,对不同锈蚀率下衬砌结构变形、损伤、内力重分布和裂缝宽度变化进行分析。研究结果表明,锈蚀对衬砌结构各部位损伤严重程度表现为拱顶>拱肩>拱脚>拱腰>仰拱;锈蚀引起结构内力重分布,当锈蚀率由0%发展到20%时,衬砌结构临空侧受拉处弯矩逐渐减小,围岩侧受拉处的弯矩逐渐增大,衬砌轴力整体变化不大,最大变化量仅为7.53%;拱顶裂缝宽度发展最快,拱肩和拱脚次之,当锈蚀率发展到2.7%时,拱顶最大裂缝宽度已不满足耐久性要求;开裂区钢筋锈蚀对衬砌力学性能劣化起主导作用,仅开裂区钢筋发生锈蚀时,衬砌结构力学性能劣化规律与钢筋全长锈蚀情况类似,但锈蚀导致的内力变化幅度和裂缝宽度减小。

长期运行引水隧洞开裂衬砌受力影响规律与承载特性

衬砌裂缝是引水隧洞中常见的病害之一,衬砌开裂会对隧洞衬砌承载力和安全性造成不同程度的影响。以长期服役的东江水源工程引水隧洞衬砌为研究对象,通过现场检测确定了全洞段裂缝的产状、分布规律和开裂特征。利用ANSYS软件中的软弱薄层单元,建立了开裂衬砌的三维数值模型,得出贯穿型纵向裂缝的位置变化对衬砌结构安全性的影响,系统分析了衬砌的承载特性。结果表明,衬砌开裂条件下,衬砌结构局部开裂区的安全系数降低最为显著,尤其是拱肩位置的裂缝对结构的危害程度远大于边墙、拱顶裂缝;另外,裂缝的产生会对其他未开裂部位的受力特性及稳定性产生影响。数值模拟结果良好地体现了裂损衬砌对隧洞结构的影响规律,与现场检测结果一致,为长期服役下隧洞结构病害防治提供了参考。

基于DCNv2和Transformer Decoder的隧道衬砌裂缝高效检测模型研究

为解决因衬砌裂缝性状随机、分布密集、标注框分辨率低所导致的现有模型识别精度低、检测速度慢及参数量庞大等问题,以第2版可变形卷积网络(DCNv2)和端到端变换器解码器(Transformer Decoder)为基础对YOLOv8网络框架进行改进,提出了面向衬砌裂缝的检测模型DTD-YOLOv8。首先,通过引入DCNv2对YOLOv8主干卷积网络C2f进行融合以实现模型对裂缝形变特征的准确快速感知,同时采用Transformer Decoder对YOLOv8检测头进行替换以实现端到端框架内完整目标检测流程,从而消除因Anchor-free处理模式所带来的计算消耗。采用自建裂缝数据集对SSD,Faster-RCNN,RT-DETR,YOLOv3,YOLOv5,YOLOv8和DTD-YOLOv8的7种检测模型进行对比验证。结果表明:改进模型F1分数和mAP@50值分别为87.05%和89.58%;其中F1分数相较其他6种模型分别提高了14.16%,7.68%,1.55%,41.36%,8.20%和7.40%;mAP@50分别提高了28.84%,15.47%,1.33%,47.65%,10.14%和10.84%。改进模型参数量仅为RT-DETR的三分之一,检测单张图片的速度为16.01 ms,FPS为65.46帧每秒,对比其他模型检测速度得到提升。该模型在面向运营隧道裂缝检测任务需求时能够表现出高效的性能。

不同割缝宽度爆生裂纹扩展行为研究

为探讨炮孔不同割缝宽度对爆生裂纹动态扩展行为的影响,采用数字激光动态焦散线实验系统和分形理论,研究了6种不同割缝宽度时爆生裂纹的扩展规律。结果表明:割缝方向的爆生裂纹长度均大于非割缝方向的爆生裂纹长度;随着割缝宽度的增加,爆生裂纹扩展长度呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势;当割缝宽度增加到0.4 mm时,主裂纹扩展长度最大,割缝宽度继续增加后,主裂纹扩展长度减小。当割缝宽度为0.2和0.4 mm时,分形维数较其他割缝宽度更大,爆生主裂纹的扩展长度较其他宽度下的扩展长度更长,试件定向断裂效果更优。随着割缝宽度的增加,割缝主裂纹的扩展应力强度因子和速度峰值呈现先快速降低再增加至二次峰值,最后振荡下降的变化趋势。割缝宽度为0.2和0.4 mm时,主裂纹应力强度因子的峰值和扩展速度峰值较其他割缝宽度更大。研究成果可为实际爆破工程中的割缝参数选择提供依据。

基于可变形卷积网络和YOLOv8的衬砌裂缝检测模型研究

为解决裂缝性状发育随机度高、标注框分辨率低、分布密集易重叠、目标相对小等因素引起的智能检测精度及效率差等问题,基于改进可变形卷积神经网络对YOLOv8骨干网络进行融合,提出1种能够适应隧道复杂场景的裂缝检测模型D-YOLO。模型首先对第3版可变形卷积网络(DCNv3)的空间聚合权重softmax归一化步骤进行去除以增强网络卷积效率,再利用新DCNv4对骨干网络C2f卷积模块进行融合以提升对网络图像中不同尺度裂缝性状及空间位置变化的细节感知能力,并采用自建裂缝数据集对SSD,Faster-RCNN,YOLOv5和YOLOv84种检测模型进行对比验证。研究结果表明:D-YOLO的F_(1)分数为80.82%,mAP@0.5为86.90%,相较于SSD、Faster-RCNN、YOLOv5和YOLOv8都有所提升;D-YOLO的单张图像检测速度为20.36 ms,相较于各种对比模型分别加快37.06%、65.33%、45.22%和28.39%;同时,D-YOLO对衬砌裂缝图像特征关注范围有所增加。研究结果可为隧道运营期内衬砌安全检测提供新思路。