ANTIPLANE SHEAR FIELDS NEAR A CRACK-TIP IN A BRITTLE DAMAGED MATERIAL

In this paper,a simplified brittle damage model is proposed according to the Mazars-Lemaitre damage model for concrete.A closed-form solution for a mode Ⅲ crack is obtained based on the simplified model under small scale damage conditions,which allows for discontinuities of displacement-gradient and tangential stress on the damage boundary.It is pointed out that the discontinuities of field variables near the tip region exist for the brittle damaged material induced by the softening effect of the material.

Perfect elastic-viscoplastic field at mode I dynamic propagating crack-tip

The viscosity of material is considered at propagating crack-tip. Under the assumption that the artificial viscosity coefficient is in inverse proportion to power law of the plastic strain rate, an elastic-viscoplastic asymptotic analysis is carried out for moving crack-tip fields in power-hardening materials under plane-strain condition. A continuous solution is obtained containing no discontinuities. The variations of numerical solution are discussed for mode Ⅰ crack according to each parameter. It is shown that stress and strain both possess exponential singularity. The elasticity, plasticity and viscosity of material at crack-tip only can be matched reasonably under linear-hardening condition. And the tip field contains no elastic unloading zone for mode I crack. It approaches the limiting case, crack-tip is under ultra-viscose situation and energy accumulates, crack-tip begins to propagate under different compression situations.

SUPPLEMENTARY STUDY ON ANISOTROPIC PLASTIC STRESS FIELDS AT A STATIONARY PLANE-STRESS CRACK-TIP

Under the hypothesis that all the perfectly plastic stress components at a orach tip are the functions of θ only, making use of yield conditions and equilibrium equations. we derive the generally analytical expressions of the perfectly plastic stress field at a crack tip. Applying these generally analytical expressions to the concrete cracks, the analytical expressions of perfectly plastic stress fields at the tips of Mode Ⅰ Mode Ⅱ, Mode Ⅲ and Mixed Mode Ⅰ-Ⅱ cracks are obtained.

THE ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTION TO THE ANTIPLANE SHEAR DYNAMICCRACK-TIP FIELD IN AN ELASTIC STRAIN-SOFTENING VISCOPLASTIC MATERIAL

The elastic strain softening-viscoplastic model is given in this paper. Using this model, the asymptotic stress and strain equations surrounding the tip of a propagating crock are given and numerical results ale obtained under antiplane shear. The analysis and calculation show that at the crack tip the strain possesses logarithmic singularity (ln(R/r))(1/(n+1)) while the stress is like (ln(R/r))(-n/(n+1)), therefore the asymptotic behaviour of the elastic strain-softening viscoplastic field is revealed under the antiplane shear.

ANISOTROPIC PLASTIC FIELDS AT A RAPIDLY PROPAGATING PLANE-STRESS CRACK-TIP

Under the condition that all the stress components at a crack-tip are the functions of 0 only, making use of the equations of steady-state motion. Hill anisotropic yield condition and stress-strain relations, we obtain the general solution of anisotropic plastic field at a rapidly propagating plane-stress crack-tip. Applying this general solution to four particular cases of anisotropy, the general solutions of these four particular cases are derived. Finally, we give the anisotropic plastic field at the rapidly propagating plane-stress mode I crack-tip in the case of X=Y=Z

POWER LAW NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC CRACK-TIP FIELDS

The aim of this paper is to derive the power law type nonlinear viscoelastic crack-tip fields.For the requirement of later derivation,the HRR singular fields and the high-order asymp- totic fields are first examined.That they are essentially the isotropic,incompressible,power law type nonlinear elastic crack-tip fields is illustrated.After a concise review of the elasticity recov- ery correspondence principle for solving the nonlinear viscoelastic problems,the correspondence principle for solving the crack problems of power law type nonlinear viscoelastic materials under the first type boundary condition is proposed.The solution of the crack-tip stress,strain fields for the power law type nonlinear viscoelastic materials,especially for the modified polypropylene, is obtained.

The Plane Stress Crack-Tip Field for an Incompressible Rubber Material

The crack-tip field under plane stress condition for an incompressible rubbermaterial￣[1] is investigated by. the use of the fully nonlinear equilibrium theory. It isfound thai the crack-tip field is composed of two shrink sectors and one expansion se-ctor. At the crack-tip, stress and strain possess the singularity of R￣(-1) and R￣(-1n), respec-tively, (R is the distance to the crack-tip before deformation, n is the material const-ant). When the crack-tip is approached, the thickness of the sheet shrinks to zerowith the order of R￣(1.4n). The results obtained in this paper are consistent with that ob-tained in [8] when s→∞ .

ANISOTROPIC PLASTIC FIELDS AT A RAPIDLY PROPAGATING CRACK-TIP

Under the condition that all the stress components at a crack-tip are the functions of only, making use of the equations of steady-slate motion, stress-strain relations and Hill anisotropic yield conditions, we obtain the general solutions at a crack-tip in both the cases of anti-plane and in-plane strains. Applying these general solutions to the concrete cracks, the anisotropic plastic fields at the rapidly propagating tips of mode III and mode I cracks are derived.

MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF CRACK-TIP PROCESSES IN COPPER

The crack tip processes in copper under mode II loading have been simulated by a molecular dynamics method. The nucleation, emission, dislocation free zone (DFZ) and pile-up of the dislocations are analyzed by using a suitable atom lattice configuration and Finnis & Sinclair potential. The simulated results show that the dislocation emitted always exhibits a dissociated fashion. The stress intensity factor for dislocation nucleation, DFZ and dissociated width of partial dislocations are strongly dependent on the loading rate. The stress distributions are in agreement with the elasticity solution before the dislocation emission, but are not in agreement after the emission. The dislocation can move at subsonic wave speed (less than the shear wave speed) or at transonic speed (greater than the shear wave speed but less than the longitudinal wave speed), but at the longitudinal wave speed the atom lattice breaks down.

EXPERIMENTAL GH SINGULARITY FIELD AROUND GROWING CRACK-TIP

The displacement fields u_x,u_y at growing crack tip of LYI2-M specimens with double edge cracks are measured using moire method.The experimental singularity fields are compared with GH theoretical field [12-14].The size and shape of the experimental GH singularity fields are obtained.The error in both the experimental and theoretical evaluations is controlled within ±10%.The experiments show that there is (In A/r)^(+1)singularity dominant around a growing crack tip.The shape of this dominant region ranges from butterfly wing to oblate and circular.Inside GH-field,there is a 3-D deformed damage zone where no GH sin- gularity exists.

孔洞对疲劳裂纹扩展路径的影响

为了研究孔洞位置和尺寸对疲劳裂纹扩展路径的影响,利用ABAQUS有限元仿真软件建立改进CT试样的裂纹扩展仿真模型,采用扩展有限元法研究了在低周疲劳加载条件下Q235钢圆孔与裂纹尖端的角度、距离以及圆孔半径对裂纹扩展路径的影响,并通过引入裂纹偏转系数来定量描述不同参数对裂纹扩展路径偏转程度的影响。结果表明:当圆孔与裂纹尖端的夹角为45°时,裂纹偏转系数取得最大值;裂纹偏转系数随着孔洞半径的增加逐渐增大,随着圆孔与裂纹尖端距离的增大逐渐减小。

应变和极化协同作用下裂纹尖端阳极溶解行为

金属材料在服役过程中,其表面裂纹的尖端会因受到应力作用而优先发生局部塑性变形;加之极化的共同作用,其与裂纹以外区域在腐蚀行为和腐蚀速率方面存在明显差异。本文使用自主设计的原位加载台,与扫描振动电极技术(SVET)和电化学工作站相结合,深入研究了酸性NaCl溶液中316L不锈钢裂纹尖端在应变和极化协同作用下的阳极溶解行为。结果表明:裂纹尖端是应力集中区,应变会导致裂纹尖端的钝化膜破裂及金属局部的快速阳极溶解。当金属处于开路电位或较低阳极极化电位下时,裂纹尖端新暴露的金属表面能快速钝化,导致总电流短暂上升然后迅速下降。在较高的阳极极化电位下,即使该电位处于316L不锈钢的钝化区,新暴露的金属表面也不能再次钝化,导致裂纹尖端局部位置持续的阳极溶解。在点蚀电位以上,316L表面会发生点蚀,由于应变新暴露的金属表面也不能再次钝化,导致裂纹尖端局部位置和点蚀处均为样品表面持续的阳极溶解区。

30CrMo钢裂尖应力诱导氢扩散影响因素数值模拟研究

低合金钢在应力集中和高压氢气的交互作用下通常会产生以氢致开裂(HIC)为代表的环境致裂(EAC)现象。文章旨在研究高压储氢压力容器常用材料30CrMo钢在高压氢环境下的断裂力学行为,采用Abaqus/Explicit有限元软件建立30CrMo钢紧凑拉伸试样有限元模型,分析了应力强度因子及缺陷裂纹长度对裂纹尖端力学场、氢浓度场分布状态的影响。结果表明:裂尖应力强度因子的增大为裂纹扩展行为提供更大的驱动力;此外,在恒定外载条件下裂纹在扩展过程中裂尖驱动力呈逐渐增大的趋势。而裂尖所产生的奇异场将抑制可扩散氢在裂尖的最终分布状态。除去裂尖奇异场,裂尖氢浓度场随着应力强度因子的增加、裂纹长度的增加呈增大的趋势。

裂纹工况下斜齿轮系统啮合刚度计算模型研究

当斜齿轮副产生裂纹时,会影响齿轮副的啮合刚度。为了获得更准确的裂纹斜齿轮副的啮合刚度,提出一种改进的裂纹斜齿轮啮合刚度计算模型,综合考虑轮齿刚度、齿轮基础刚度在横向和轴向的影响,研究了齿顶扩展裂纹和端面扩展裂纹两种典型裂纹工况下的齿轮系统啮合刚度,并将啮合刚度解析计算结果与有限元模拟结果进行了对比。结果表明:啮合刚度的降低程度主要与裂纹区域有关,裂纹区域越大,啮合刚度降低越大;在裂缝长度和深度相同的情况下,端面扩展裂纹对啮合刚度的影响比顶部扩展裂纹更显著。仿真结果与计算结果吻合较好,验证了所提方法的准确性和有效性。

Estimation of J—R Curves for Small-Sized COEC Specimens and Its Application Considering Crack-Tip Cons tr aints

The normalization method has been employed to estimate the J-resistance (J—R) curves for C-shaped outside edge-notched compression (COEC) specimens of SA-508 steel. The COEC specimens present the lowest J—R curves in comparison with other three types of specimens. Based on the J—Q—M met hod, the constraint parame ter Q determined at the mid-plane in the through-thickness direction of the specimen is used to approximately quantify the threedimensional crack-tip constraint for COEC specimens. Combining with the previous experiments on J—R curves, the constraint-coirected J—R curves for SA-508 steel specimens are given, which may be used to predict the fracture toughness of actual cracked components in structural integrity assessment.

涡轮叶片裂纹方位角的三维叶尖间隙动态响应特性研究

针对叶尖定时故障诊断方法在检测叶片裂纹时仅关注一维信息、提取故障特征有限的不足,利用叶尖间隙具有三维特征的特点,提出了航空发动机涡轮叶-盘-轴耦合系统的三维叶尖间隙(3D-BTC)有限元模型。以该模型为基础,分析了航空发动机涡轮叶片裂纹方位角对三维叶尖间隙的影响规律。首先,建立了航空发动机涡轮叶-盘-轴耦合系统有限元模型;其次,在叶片尾缘处引入贯穿裂纹,通过瞬态动力学分析计算了在不同横滚角、俯仰角裂纹作用下叶片的变形;最后,采用三维叶尖间隙计算方法获取了叶片三维叶尖间隙时域波形及频谱,研究了航空发动机涡轮叶片裂纹方位角的三维叶尖间隙动态响应特性。计算结果表明:裂纹的出现会降低叶片刚度,从而影响叶片的三维叶尖间隙;叶片三维叶尖间隙随裂纹横滚角的增大而减小,随裂纹俯仰角的增大先减小后增大;随着裂纹两类方位角变化,不同测点位置的叶尖径向间隙基本谐波分量峰值变化率的差值最大为6.1%,周向滑移角和轴向偏转角基本谐波分量峰值变化率的差值小于0.12%,可见综合三维叶尖间隙能够更准确地反映裂纹信息。

重型异形坯铸坯表面横裂纹的成因分析与控制

针对国内某钢厂生产Q355级和Q420级异形坯低合金钢时产生铸坯表面横裂纹的现状,解析了连铸坯翼缘顶端横裂纹产生的机理和主要影响因素之间的对应关系,以降低重型异形坯铸坯横裂纹的发生率。研究结果表明铸坯表面横裂纹沿粗大的奥氏体晶粒开裂,Q355级钢低塑性区的温度范围为600~620℃和740~920℃,Q420级钢低塑性区的温度范围为600~950℃,通过提高铸机拉速、降低冷却水强度、降低钢种铝含量等工艺措施能有效控制重型异形坯铸坯翼缘表面横裂纹的产生。

Ti/TiAl异质叠层结构的强化机制、制造现状与未来发展趋势

Ti/TiAl微叠层材料体系具有优异的强韧性及高温性能,该体系可有效克服钛铝合金制备与加工过程中的突发性开裂等弱点。综述了Ti/TiAl叠层结构的制造方法、强韧化机制及典型失效方式。研究表明,叠层复合结构相较于传统单一材料或非连续增强复合材料,通过多材料的韧性差异和多层界面的引入,其强韧性得到明显提升。主要强化机制为复合结构多材料的韧性差异及多层界面的引入,使得裂纹扩展过程中发生偏转与产生二次裂纹,裂纹的偏转和桥接效应消耗了主裂纹的尖端能量,抑制主裂纹持续扩展。这种结构突破了传统强度-塑性约束,为材料科学和工程领域带来了新的发展方向。

Determination of Two-Dimensional Plastic Zone Shape and SIF at Crack-Tip Using RKPM

Reproducing kernel particle Method （RKPM） is a meshless technology which has proven very useful for solving problems of elastic plastic fracture mechanics. The mode I plastic zone shape at the crack-tip in a work-hard ening material is obtained using RKPM. Ramberg-Osgood stress-strain relation is assumed and the crack-tip stress intensity factor （SIF） before and after formation of the plastic zone are examined. To impose the essential boundary conditions, penalty method is used. To construct the shape functions in the vicinity of the crack and crack-tip, both the diffraction and visibility criteria are employed. A comparison between two conventional treatments, visibility and diffraction, to crack discontinuity is conducted. The effects of different dilation parameters on SIF under plane-stress and plane-strain conditions are ~tudied. Results including plastic zone shape are compared with finite element method （FEM） to show the accuracy of RKPM. The main objective is to study the effects of different dilation parameters on SIF under plane stress and plane strain conditions and to obtain the mode I plastic zone shape at the crack-tip in a work hardening material using RKPM.

基于叶尖定时的风机叶片裂纹故障识别研究

风机叶片作为风电机组的关键部件,其裂纹故障尤为常见。裂纹的存在会导致叶片或机组出现损坏。为此,基于叶尖定时原理和分析方法,提出一种风机叶片裂纹故障的识别方法。首先,依据叶尖定时原理,分析叶片在载荷作用下裂纹对叶尖偏移的影响,建立叶尖偏移与叶尖偏移时间之间的数学模型。其次,通过仿真分析叶片在不同状态下叶尖偏移程度,结合不同工况参数与叶尖偏移时间之间的数学模型,识别裂纹特征信号。最后,利用风机模拟试验台实测叶尖信号,结果表明本文所提的识别方法对裂纹的特征信号的成功提取达到了92%以上,并且能够实时完成裂纹信号的提取和分析,说明此方法能够实现裂纹故障实时识别。