Isotropic volumetric MRI for displaying cranial perineural spread of cranial nerve in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Objective To observe the value of isotropic volumetric MRI for displaying perineural spread(PNS)of cranial nerve(CN)in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Eighty-seven patients with pathologically proven nasopharyngeal carcinoma were prospectively enrolled.MR scanning,including three-dimensional liver acquisition with volume acceleration-flexible(3D LAVA_Flex)image,T2WI with fat suppression(T2WI-FS),T1WI,contrast enhancement(CE)T1WI-FS of nasopharynx and neck region were performed.The displaying rates of CN PNS were evaluated and compared between 3D LAVA_Flex and T2WI-FS,T1WI,CE-T1WI-FS at patient level,CN group level and neural level,respectively.Results The displaying rate of CN PNS in all 87 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients by 3D LAVA_Flex sequence was 49.43%(43/87),higher than that of conventional MRI(30/87,34.48%,P=0.001).Among 59 patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed with conventional sequences,the displaying rate of CN PNS was 71.19%(42/59)by 3D LAVA-Flex sequence,higher than that of conventional MRI(30/59,50.85%,P=0.001).At both patient level and posterior CN level,significant differences of the displaying rate of CN PNS were found between 3D LAVA-Flex sequence and T2WI-FS,T1WI,CE-T1WI-FS,while at CN level,the displaying rates of mandibular nerve PNS,CNⅨ—ⅪPNS in jugular foramen(P<0.05)and CNⅨ—ⅫPNS in carotid space of 3D LAVA_Flex sequence were all significantly higher than that of T2WI-FS,T1WI and CE-T1WI-FS(all P<0.05),of PNS of CNⅢ—Ⅴin cavernous sinus were higher than that of T2WI-FS(P<0.05),while of PNS of hypoglossal nerve were significantly higher than that of T2WI-FS and T1WI(both P<0.05).Conclusion 3D LAVA_Flex sequence could be used to effectively display CN PNS of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Concomitant treatment of ureteral calculi and ipsilateral pelvic sciatic nerve schwannoma with transperitoneal laparoscopic approach: A case report

BACKGROUND Schwannomas are rare peripheral neural myelin sheath tumors that originate from Schwann cells.Of the different types of schwannomas,pelvic sciatic nerve schwannoma is extremely rare.Definite preoperative diagnosis of pelvic schwannomas is difficult,and surgical resection is the gold standard for its definite diagnosis and treatment.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of pelvic schwannoma arising from the sciatic nerve that was detected in a 40-year-old man who underwent computed tomography for intermittent right lower back pain caused exclusively by a right ureteral calculus.Subsequently,successful transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery was performed for the intact removal of the stone and en bloc resection of the schwannoma.The total operative time was 125 min,and the estimated blood loss was inconspicuous.The surgical procedure was uneventful.The patient was discharged on postoperative day 5 with the simultaneous removal of the urinary catheter.However,the patient presented with motor and sensory disorders of the right lower limb,caused by partial damage to the right sciatic nerve.No tumor recurrence was observed at the postoperative appointment.CONCLUSION Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of a schwannoma.Thus,laparoscopic surgery is safe and feasible for concomitant extirpation of pelvic schwannomas and other pelvic and abdominal diseases that require surgical treatment.

Neck pain and absence of cranial nerve symptom are clues of cervical myelopathy mimicking stroke:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Cervical myelopathy is a potential stroke imitator,for which intravenous thrombolysis would be catastrophic.CASE SUMMARY We herein present two cases of cervical myelopathy.The first patient presented with acute onset of right hemiparesis and urinary incontinence,and the second patient presented with sudden-onset right leg monoplegia.The initial diagnoses for both of them were ischemic stroke.However,both of them lacked cranial nerve symptom and suffered neck pain at the beginning of onset.Their cervical spinal cord lesions were finally confirmed by cervical computed tomography.A literature review showed that neck pain and absence of cranial nerve symptom are clues of cervical myelopathy.CONCLUSION The current report and the review remind us to pay more attention to these two clues in suspected stroke patients,especially those within the thrombolytic time window.

Limited energy parametrial resection/dissection during modified laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using ultrasonic scalpel combined with vascular clip in parametrial management,called limited energy parametrial resection/dissection(LEPRD),in laparoscopic nerve plane-sparing radical hysterectomy(NPSRH),a modified nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy(NSRH); and to evaluate its effectiveness in pelvic autonomic nerve preservation.Methods: From July 2012 to January 2016,257 consecutive patients with stage IB1 to IIA2 cervical cancer who underwent NPSRH were included in this study.Patients were divided into three cohorts according to the different parametrial resection modality.The clinical,pathological and surgery-related parameters were compared between the three groups.Short-and long-term postoperative bladder functions were evaluated.Results: LEPRD was attempted in 94 patients,and was successful in 65(69.1%) patients(LEPRD group).The remaining 29(30.9%) patients required bipolar coagulation after failure of vascular clipping(combined modality group).Routine bipolar cautery was used in the other 163 patients during the parametrial resection(bipolar group).The blood loss in the LEPRD group was significantly lower than those in the other two groups(P<0.001).The rate of successful Foley removal on postoperative day 7 was significantly higher in the LEPRD group than in the bipolar group(P=0.022).The incidence of chronic voiding dysfunction was significantly lower in the LEPRD group than in the bipolar group(P=0.019).Conclusions: It is feasible to perform LEPRD in NPSRH for cervical cancers.This kind of limited energy surgical technique is associated with less blood loss,and leads to improved postoperative bladder function.

An atypical primary malignant melanoma arising from the cervical nerve root: A case report and review of literture

BACKGROUND Primary melanomas affecting the central nervous system are very rare,and melanomas originating in the spinal canal or origin of the spinal nerve root are even rarer.As a consequence,not much is known about this.CASE SUMMARY Here we report a case of primary malignant melanoma originating in the cervical spinal cord nerve root.A 64-year-old woman presented with symptoms of numbness in the right side of the neck,pain,and hypoesthesia in the right upper limb which persisted for 1 year.Neurological examination showed that the superficial sensation in the right upper limb had decreased with muscle strength of grade 4.Magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed a mass(approximately 2.5 cm×1.4 cm×1 cm)in the right side of the spinal canal in the C-2 plane.Based on findings obtained during operation,perioperative examination,pathological diagnosis,and the diagnostic criteria of primary central melanoma proposed by Hayward,the mass was confirmed to be a melanoma of intraspinal nerve root origin.CONCLUSION This is the first case of primary malignant melanoma originating from cervical spinal cord nerve roots and spread along the inside and outside of the spinal canal.The clinical relevance of this case is discussed to provide new insights into the differential diagnosis of intraspinal tumours.Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms driving the growth pattern and development of this type of tumour.

Malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumors in the spinal canal of psammomatous and non-psammomatous type: Two case reports

BACKGROUND A malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumor(MMNST),previously known as a melanotic schwannoma,is a rare variant of a peripheral nerve sheath tumor composed of Schwann cells with melanotic differentiation.Only a few reports of spinal MMNST have been reported.CASE SUMMARY In the first case,a 58-year-old woman presented with a history of low back pain and paresthesia.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and computed tomography(CT)of the lumbar spine revealed an intradural extramedullary mass lesion with amorphous linear calcification.Complete tumor resection was performed and histological examination revealed a psammomatous melanotic schwannoma.In the second case,a 72-year-old man presented with low back pain and paresthesia.MRI of the thoracolumbar spine revealed an intramedullary mass lesion at the T11 vertebral body level.The mass lesion was hypointense on T2WI and hyperintense on T1WI.Tumor resection was performed and the histologic result was melanotic schwannoma.CONCLUSION MMNST should be considered in the differential diagnosis when calcification or melanin is seen in an intradural spinal tumor.

A study evaluating the impact of nerve preserving surgery and adjuvant pelvic irradiation for rectal cancer on quality of life

Objective： Preservation of the pelvic autonomic nerves in order to lower bladder and sexual dysfunction after radical rectal cancer surgery ＆ to evaluate functional outcome, local recurrence. Methods： A prospective study was under- taken on Egyptian patients. Forty one patients participated in the study in the period from December 2002 till June 2004 where they underwent radical surgery but with preservation of the pelvic autonomic nerves this was followed by adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy. Results： Six months, 1-year and 2-year follow-up of urinary function was complete in 32 out of 41 （78%）, 30 out of 41 （73%） and 27 out of 41 patients （65%） respectively There was no statistically significant correlation between the extent of nerve preservation and the reported minor voiding dysfunction. None of the patients reported major incontinence. Six months, 1-year and 2-year follow-up of sexual function revealed that 22 out of 41 patients （53%） were sexually active. Three out of 41 patients （7.3%） developed local recurrence. 38 （92.7%） patients were free of local recurrence, regarding pa- tients who received adjuvant radiotherapy 3 out of the 34 （8.8%） patients developed local pelvic recurrence while 9 patients （26.5%） developed distant metastases （3 of them did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy）, while patients who received adju- vant chemotherapy, 2 out of 20 patients （10%） developed local recurrence while distant metastases developed in 6 patients （30%）. Conclusion： Preservation of the pelvic autonomic nerves minimizes bladder and sexual dysfunction especially in male patients after rectal cancer surgery.

Clinical Significance of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Exposure During Esophagogastric Anastomosis of the Neck

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical value in a comparison between intraoperative exposure and non-exposure of the recurrent laryngeal nerve （RLN） of the neck during left neck esophagogastric anastomosis following resection of carcinomas of the middle and inferior-segment esophagus. METHODS From January 2003 to April 2009, 237 patients were selected to undergo resection of esophageal squamous carcinoma via posteroexternal incision of the left chest plus gastroesophageal anastomosis at the left neck incision. The 237 cases were divided into 2 groups： 115 of the total cases were in group A （the study group）, cases of resections with neck RLN exposure. Of the patients in this group, 64 were male and 51 female, with a mean age of 49 ranging from 31 to 73 years. Another 122 cases were in group B （the control group）, cases of resections without neck RLN exposure. In this group, 51 of the patients were male and 71 female, with a mean age of 45 ranging from 33 to 75 years. In the 2 groups, there were 9 cases in total with symptoms induced by RLN injury. RESULTS Hoarseness, choking cough when drinking, and difficult expectoration were found in 1 of the cases （1/115） in group A （0.087%）, while there were 8 cases （8/122） presenting with these symptoms in group B （6.5%）. There is statistical signi.cance in the di.erences of RLN injury between the 2 groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION Analysis of study cases of esophageal carcinoma resection with left-neck esophagogastric anastomosis in the 2 groups indicated that the exposure of the RLN in group A resulted in an obviously lower rate of neck RLN injury after the surgery, compared to group B, where the RLN was not exposed. Exposure can lead to the avoidance of complications induced by RLN injury, such as dysarthria and choking cough when eating. As a result, satisfactory expectoration, which would diminish the incidence of pulmonary complications, can be reached allowing the patients to recover as early as possible. The results of our study suggest that the exposure of the RLN during the left -neck esophagogastric anastomosis has signi.cant clinical value, and that this approach can be recommended with con.dence.

宫颈癌保留神经手术后排尿功能评价

目的探讨宫颈癌保留神经的广泛性子宫切除术(nerve sparing radical hysterectomy,NSRH)治疗宫颈癌的效果及对排尿功能的影响。方法纳入2019年5月至2022年5月于首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院就诊并诊断为宫颈癌的患者55例,国际妇产科联盟分期分布在ⅠB至ⅡA2。其中28例患者接受了NSRH(NSRH组),27例患者接受了广泛性全子宫切除术(radical hysterectomy,RH)(RH组)。比较2组患者手术相关指标及术后排尿功能。结果NSRH组平均年龄为(51.0±7.9)岁,RH组平均年龄为(46.3±8.5)岁,年龄分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者手术切缘均为阴性。术后病理提示阴道长度、淋巴结转移、间质浸润深度、淋巴脉管浸润比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在术后膀胱功能方面,NSRH组残余尿较RH组多(P<0.05),但NSRH组拔尿管的时间较RH组明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论NSRH能够在确保手术范围的同时,减轻对术后排尿功能的影响,缩短术后恢复时间。

上腹下神经丛阻滞缓解子宫动脉栓塞后疼痛

目的观察上腹下神经丛阻滞(SHNB)缓解子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)后疼痛的效果。方法回顾性分析25例接受UAE的子宫肌瘤患者,根据镇痛方式分为SHNB组(n=11)及非SHNB组(n=14,外周静脉镇痛);记录SHNB技术成功率及并发症;比较组间UAE后数字疼痛评分(NRS)最高分、UAE后应用阿片类药物总剂量及完成UAE至首次额外应用阿片类药物间隔时间。结果组间患者年龄、体质量及子宫肌瘤最大径差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。SHNB技术成功率100%(11/11);未见下肢放射性麻木、药物注射入血、腹腔出血及腹膜炎等并发症。SHNB组UAE后NRS最高分及应用阿片类药物总剂量均显著低于、而完成UAE至首次额外应用阿片类药物间隔时间显著长于非SHNM组(P均<0.001)。结论SHNB可有效缓解子宫肌瘤患者UAE术后疼痛,减少镇痛药物剂量。

Construction of a predictive model for gastric cancer neuroaggression and clinical validation analysis: A single-center retrospective study

BACKGROUND This study investigated the construction and clinical validation of a predictive model for neuroaggression in patients with gastric cancer.Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world,and neuroinvasion is the key factor affecting the prognosis of patients.However,there is a lack of systematic analysis on the construction and clinical application of its prediction model.This study adopted a single-center retrospective study method,collected a large amo-unt of clinical data,and applied statistics and machine learning technology to build and verify an effective prediction model for neuroaggression,with a view to providing scientific basis for clinical treatment decisions and improving the tr-eatment effect and survival rate of patients with gastric cancer.AIM To investigate the value of a model based on clinical data,spectral computed to-mography(CT)parameters and image omics characteristics for the preoperative prediction of nerve invasion in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 80 gastric cancer patients who under-went preoperative energy spectrum CT at our hospital between January 2022 and August 2023,these patients were divided into a positive group and a negative group according to their pathological results.Clinicopathological data were collected,the energy spectrum parameters of primary gastric cancer lesions were measured,and single factor analysis was performed.A total of 214 image omics features were extracted from two-phase mixed energy images,and the features were screened by single factor analysis and a support vector machine.The variables with statist-ically significant differences were included in logistic regression analysis to construct a prediction model,and the performance of the model was evaluated using the subject working characteristic curve.There were statistically significant differences in sex,carbohydrate antigen 199 expression,tumor thickness,Lauren classification and Borrmann classification between the two groups(all P<0.05).Among the energy spectrum parameters,there were statistically significant differences in the single energy values(CT60-CT110 keV)at the arterial stage between the two groups(all P<0.05)and statistically significant differences in CT values,iodide group values,standardized iodide group values and single energy values except CT80 keV at the portal vein stage between the two groups(all P<0.05).The support vector machine model with the largest area under the curve was selected by image omics analysis,and its area under the curve,sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,P value and pa-rameters were 0.843,0.923,0.714,0.925,<0.001,and c:g 2.64:10.56,respectively.Finally,based on the logistic regression algorithm,a clinical model,an energy spectrum CT model,an imaging model,a clinical+energy spe-ctrum model,a clinical+imaging model,an energy spectrum+imaging model,and a clinical+energy spectrum+imaging model were established,among which the clinical+energy spectrum+imaging model had the best efficacy in diagnosing gastric cancer nerve invasion.The area under the curve,optimal threshold,Youden index,sensitivity and specificity were 0.927(95%CI:0.850-1.000),0.879,0.778,0.778,and 1.000,respectively.CONCLUSION The combined model based on clinical features,spectral CT parameters and imaging data has good value for the preoperative prediction of gastric cancer neuroinvasion.

常规MRI与弥散加权成像鉴别诊断良、恶性周围神经鞘肿瘤

目的采用常规MRI与弥散加权成像(DWI)鉴别诊断良、恶性周围神经鞘肿瘤(PNST)。方法回顾性分析119例经病理证实的PNST患者MRI资料,比较恶性PNST(MPNST,n=31)与良性PNST(BPNST,n=88)病灶直径、MRI表现及DWI所示实性部分表观弥散系数(ADC);绘制受试者工作特征曲线,评价以病灶实性部分ADC鉴别诊断良、恶性PNST的价值。结果MPNST病灶直径大于BPNST,T1WI、T2WI信号不均、形状不规则、瘤内出血及囊变、边缘不清、瘤周水肿及骨破坏占比均高于BPNST(P均<0.05),而脂肪分裂征、脂肪环征、靶征及骨重塑占比低于BPNST(P均<0.05)。共于12例MPNST及27例BPNST测得病灶内实性部分ADC,MPNST最小ADC及平均ADC均低于BPNST(P均<0.05)。以最小ADC 1.27×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s、平均ADC 1.38×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s为阈值鉴别良、恶性PNST的曲线下面积分别为0.765、0.755。结论良、恶性PNST常规MRI及DWI表现存在差异;病灶直径、形状、信号、实性部分ADC及瘤周改变等有助于鉴别。

无充气与充气经腋窝入路腔镜切除术对分化型甲状腺癌喉返神经损伤及预后的影响

【目的】探讨无充气与充气经腋窝入路腔镜切除术对分化型甲状腺癌患者喉返神经损伤及预后的影响。【方法】在本院接受经腋窝腔镜甲状腺癌根治术治疗的88例分化型甲状腺癌患者,依据手术方法不同分为无充气组(40例)和充气组(48例)。比较两组患者的甲状旁腺激素水平、复发率、手术时间、住院时间、失血量、引流量、喉返神经损伤发生率、生活质量评分(QOL)。【结果】手术后,无充气组甲状旁腺激素水平高于充气组(P<0.05);两组患者复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);无充气组手术时间和住院时间短于充气组,失血量和引流量少于充气组,暂时性喉返神经损伤发生率低于充气组(P<0.05)。术后3个月,无充气组QOL评分高于充气组(P<0.05)。【结论】无充气经腋窝入路腔镜切除术较充气手术能缩短手术时间与住院时间,降低失血量与引流量及暂时性喉返神经损伤发生率,同时患者具有更好的生活质量,值得临床推广应用。

3D腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术中保留盆腔自主神经的疗效分析

目的:探讨3D腹腔镜保留盆腔自主神经的宫颈癌根治术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2020年1月至2022年12月收治的46例宫颈癌患者的临床资料,根据手术方式将患者分为两组,对照组(n=21)行开腹保留盆腔自主神经的宫颈癌根治术,研究组(n=25)行3D腹腔镜保留盆腔自主神经的宫颈癌根治术。对比分析两组术中、术后临床指标及术后并发症情况、手术前后糖类抗原724、鳞状细胞癌抗原指标水平。术后随访12个月,观察复发率与生存率。结果:研究组手术时间、排气时间、拔除尿管时间、术后住院时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,淋巴结清除数量多于对照组,并发症少于对照组,术后糖类抗原724、鳞状细胞癌抗原水平低于对照组,复发率低于对照组(4.00%vs.23.81%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:3D腹腔镜保留盆腔自主神经的宫颈癌根治术可缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,降低术后复发率及炎症反应水平,整体安全性较好。

NGF/TrkA轴对宫颈癌SiHa细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响

目的探讨神经生长因子(NGF)/原肌球蛋白受体激酶A(TrkA)轴对宫颈癌SiHa细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响。方法体外培养正常宫颈上皮细胞HUCEC和宫颈癌细胞SiHa,将SiHa细胞分为对照组(正常培养)、L-NGF组(50μg/L重组人NGF蛋白)、H-NGF组(100μg/L重组人NGF蛋白)、H-NGF+L-K252a组(100μg/L重组人NGF蛋白+50μg/L K252a)、H-NGF+H-K252a组(100μg/L重组人NGF蛋白+100μg/L K252a)。Western blot检测NGF、TrkA、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)表达;CCK-8法检测SiHa细胞增殖情况;流式细胞术检测SiHa细胞凋亡;划痕愈合实验测定细胞迁移;Transwell试验测定细胞侵袭。结果SiHa细胞较HUCEC细胞NGF、TrkA水平升高(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,L-NGF组、H-NGF组NGF、TrkA水平,增殖活力,迁移率,侵袭细胞数量以及N-cadherin、Vimentin蛋白水平显著增加,凋亡率、E-cadherin蛋白水平显著下降(P<0.05),且H-NGF组较L-NGF组以上指标差异更显著(P<0.05);与H-NGF组相比,H-NGF+L-K252a组、H-NGF+H-K252a组NGF、TrkA水平,增殖活力,迁移率,侵袭细胞数量以及N-cadherin、Vimentin蛋白水平显著降低,凋亡率、E-cadherin蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05),且H-NGF+H-K252a组较H-NGF+L-K252a组以上指标差异更显著(P<0.05)。结论下调NGF/TrkA轴可以抑制宫颈癌SiHa细胞增殖、侵袭,促进其凋亡。

PecsⅡ多模式镇痛在乳腺癌切除术中的应用效果及对术后疼痛-应激因子的影响

目的探究Ⅱ型胸神经阻滞(PecsⅡ)多模式镇痛在乳腺癌切除术中的应用效果及对术后疼痛-应激因子的影响。方法选取2020年4月—2022年3月行乳腺切除手术的成年女性乳腺癌90例,采用随机数字表法分为全身麻醉联合PecsⅡ多模式镇痛组(PGN组)、全身麻醉联合PecsⅡ组(GN组)、单纯全身麻醉组(G组),每组30例。比较3组围术期指标、手术前后疼痛-应激因子[神经肽Y(NPY)、前列腺素E 2(PGE 2)、血管紧张素Ⅰ(AngⅠ)、皮质醇(Cor)]、疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分]、镇静程度(Ramsay评分)、生活质量[癌症患者生活质量量表(EORTC QLQ-C30)评分]、功能状态(KPS评分)及不良反应发生率;统计3组乳腺癌术后疼痛综合征(PMPS)发生情况。结果3组手术时间、术中出血量、麻醉时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PGN组术后48 h阿片类药物用量少于GN组、G组,住院时间短于GN组、G组(P<0.01)。PGN组术后12、24、48 h血清NPY、PGE 2、AngⅠ、Cor水平低于GN组、G组(P<0.01);PGN组术后2、8、12、24、48 h VAS评分、Ramsay评分低于GN组、G组(P<0.01);PGN组术后3、6个月EORTC QLQ-C30评分、KPS评分高于GN组、G组(P<0.01)。术后48 h,3组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月,PGN组PMPS发生率低于GN组、G组(P<0.05)。结论PecsⅡ多模式镇痛能提高乳腺癌切除术后镇痛、镇静效果,有效抑制疼痛-应激因子,降低PMPS发生率,有助于改善患者生活质量。

1050例腹膜后占位的病理诊断单中心分析

目的总结腹膜后肿瘤的疾病谱和病理特点。方法回顾性收集2012年1月至2021年12月海军军医大学(第二军医大学)第一附属医院冯翔医师牵头的外科团队收治的1050例诊断为腹膜后占位/肿瘤患者的病理信息,分析各类肿瘤占比及临床和病理特征。结果共纳入1050例病理标本,间叶源性肿瘤407例(38.76%),其中恶性肿瘤348例(33.14%),良性肿瘤59例(5.62%);神经源性肿瘤211例(20.10%),其中恶性肿瘤18例(1.71%),良性肿瘤193例(18.38%);淋巴造血组织来源肿瘤127例(12.10%),其中恶性肿瘤88例(8.38%),良性肿瘤39例(3.71%);其他原发性腹膜后肿瘤19例(1.81%);未知来源恶性肿瘤42例(4.00%);转移性肿瘤244例(23.24%)。在间叶源性肿瘤恶性肿瘤中,最常见的病理类型为脂肪肉瘤(178例,16.95%)、平滑肌肉瘤(54例,5.14%)。结论在腹膜后肿瘤中,间叶源性肿瘤最为常见,同时存在较高比例的神经源性肿瘤、淋巴造血组织来源肿瘤、转移性肿瘤。

腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经广泛性子宫切除术治疗早期宫颈癌患者的疗效研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经广泛性子宫切除术对肿瘤较小的早期宫颈癌患者术后膀胱、直肠功能的影响。方法 选取华东师范大学附属芜湖医院和皖南医学院第一附属医院妇科于2014年1月—2021年9月收治的肿瘤直径≤2 cm早期宫颈癌患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为两组。其中,40例行腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经广泛性子宫切除术为研究组,另40例行腹腔镜下常规广泛子宫切除术为对照组。比较两组患者的手术情况、术后膀胱功能、直肠功能恢复情况,以及术前、术后12个月的尿流动力学情况。绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线,比较生存率。结果 研究组手术时间长于对照组(P <0.05);两组患者的术中出血量、清扫淋巴结数量、阴道切除长度、宫旁组织切除长度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组术后保留导尿时间短于对照组(P <0.05),研究组术后6个月排尿困难、腹压排尿、尿不尽占比小于对照组(P <0.05);研究组术后首次肛门排气时间、自主排便时间均短于对照组(P <0.05),术后6个月便秘占比小于对照组(P <0.05)。两组患者手术前和术后12个月最大尿流率(MFR)、平均尿流率(AFR)、初始尿意膀胱容量、最大尿意膀胱容量、最大膀胱逼尿肌收缩力(MDP)差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),研究组低于对照组。两组患者术后生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经的宫颈癌手术对肿瘤较小的早期宫颈癌患者有着良好疗效,可改善患者术后膀胱直肠功能,恢复快,对生存结局无不良影响。

两种面神经解剖方式在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤切除术中的比较研究

目的比较两种面神经解剖方法在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤切除术中的临床疗效。方法选择手术治疗的腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤患者62例,随机分成两组。观察组(32例)选择沿下颌缘支的逆行法解剖面神经并切除肿瘤,对照组(30例)选择顺行法解剖面神经并切除肿瘤。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中失血量、术后面神经麻痹、涎瘘、Frey综合征、耳周麻木及面部凹陷畸形的发生率。结果观察组手术时间、术中失血量、术后面神经麻痹、涎瘘、Frey综合征、耳周麻木及面部凹陷畸形的发生率分别为(33.57±21.44)min、(31.14±28.36)ml、6.25%、12.50%、15.63%、6.25%和6.25%,对照组分别为(47.31±18.52)min、(44.22±23.82)ml、6.67%、10.00%、20.00%、16.67%和6.67%。与对照组比较,观察组手术时间短,术中失血量少,术后耳周麻木的发生率低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而术后面神经麻痹、涎瘘、Frey综合征及面部凹陷畸形,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤切除术中,沿下颌缘支的逆行法相比顺行法可缩短手术时间,减少术中失血量,降低术后耳周麻木的发生率。

改良面部除皱切口联合腮腺套在功能性腮腺外科中的应用

目的评价改良面部除皱切口联合腮腺套在功能性腮腺外科中的应用价值。方法回顾我科对32例腮腺浅叶肿物采用改良面部除皱切口,实施功能性腮腺外科手术,其中4例肿瘤切除后术区缺损较大,行胸锁乳突肌瓣转移修复。全部术后使用腮腺套加压包扎。探讨该入路的术野暴露、美观程度,以及面瘫、面侧凹陷等并发症发生率,术后使用腮腺套预防涎瘘的效果。结果所有病例术野暴露良好,均能完整切除肿瘤及周围足够的腮腺组织。术后下颌缘支暂时性麻痹4例(12.5%),暂时性耳垂麻木8例(25%),均在2~3个月后缓解。Frey′s综合征3例(9.4%)。全部病例均无涎瘘发生。术后3个月所有患者对术后切口的平均客观美容满意度评分9分。4例术中行胸锁乳突肌瓣转移修复的患者术后1年复查,术区面侧与健侧相比无明显不对称性凹陷。随访24~50个月(中位随访期:36个月),未见肿瘤复发。结论改良面部除皱切口联合腮腺套应用于腮腺浅叶肿瘤手术,具有术野暴露良好、切口相对隐蔽、美容效果良好、切口I期愈合快、无明显并发症优点,符合功能腮腺外科理念,值得临床推广应用。