基于归一化CRB加权的宽带DOA估计方法

针对宽带信号频域波达方向(direction of arrivals,DOA)估计方法在各子频带能量存在差异时性能下降的问题,提出一种基于归一化克拉美-罗界(Cramer-Rao bound,CRB)加权宽带DOA估计方法。首先在各子频带分别计算DOA估计值,然后根据信号在各子频带的归一化克拉美罗界值,对相应子频带的DOA估计值进行加权,从而提高DOA估计精度以及分辨率。仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于STFAP的MIMO雷达运动目标参数估计的CRB研究

多发多收(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)雷达在目标检测、参数估计等方面具有显著优势。目标参数估值的CRB被证明是系统设计和空时自适应处理(STAP)性能分析中的有力工具。该文针对采用频分正交信号的共置天线MIMO雷达,首先建立基于MIMO雷达的目标和杂波空-时-频信号模型;在此基础上,研究基于空-时-频自适应处理(STFAP)的MIMO雷达地面运动目标角度和多普勒参数最大似然估值的克拉美-罗界(CRB);最后通过CRB性能仿真分析验证了MIMO雷达STFAP有效消除动目标检测盲速,提高目标参数估计精度的优势。

多分辨率匹配CRB分析中噪声估计方法

多分辨率目标匹配克拉美-罗界(CRB)分析中,CRB对噪声敏感,噪声估计尤为重要。采用不同阶次有限差分算子构成一组高通滤波器,分别对图像滤波处理,并将四分位间距(IQR)方法与中值滤波原理结合,估计CRB分析中的噪声方差,避免了残留轮廓信息的复杂处理,实验表明算法简单有效。

Performance gain bounds of coherently combining multiple radars in a target-based calibration manner

To achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) while maintaining moderate radar antenna, a target-based calibration manner is available to coherently combine multiple radars. The key to this calibration manner is to estimate coherence parameters(CPs), i.e., time and phase calibration values in transmission and reception estimation, by separating the target returns into monostatic and bistatic echoes. However, CPs estimations exist uncertainties, which will affect the performance gain after multiradar coherent combination. The principle of coherently combining multiple radars is elaborated and the signal probability model for CPs estimation is established. On this basis, CPs Cramer-Rao bound(CRB) is derived in the closed-form, according to which the non-tight and tight upper bounds for multiple radars coherent combination performance gain are derived in the closed-form and via Monte Carlo(MC) simulations, respectively. Simulations validate the correctness of the derived CRB and gain bounds.

Cramer-Rao bound and signal-to-noise ratio gain in distributed coherent aperture radar

This paper studies the estimation performance of the coherent processing parameter （CPP）, including time delay differences and phase synchronization errors among different apertures of the distributed coherent aperture radar （DCAR）. Firstly, three architectures of signal processing in the DCAR are introduced. Secondly, the closed-form Cramer-Rao bound （CRB） of the CPP estimation is derived and compared. Then, the closed-form CRB is verified by numerical simulations. Finally, when the next generation radar works in a fully coherent mode, the closed-form signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） gain of the three architectures is presented.

Cramer-Rao bound of joint estimation of target location and velocity for coherent MIMO radar

The optimal estimation performance of target parameters is studied. First, the general form of Cramer-Rao bound （CRB） for joint estimation of target location and velocity is derived for coherent multiple input multiple output （MIMO） radars. To gain some insight into the behavior of the CRB, the CRB with a set of given orthogonal waveforms is studied as a specific case. Second, a maximum likelihood （ML） estimation algorithm is proposed. The mean square error （MSE） of the ML estimation of target location and velocity is obtained by Monte Carlo simulation and it approaches CRB in the high signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） region.

CRAM(?)R-RAO BOUND FOR BLIND CHANNEL ESTIMATION IN COMPLEX-VALUED CHANNEL

Compared with the traditional channel estimation methods, blind channel estimation methods can increase the bandwidth efficiency of the systems, but their precision is low and they converge slowly. In this paper, the Cramér-Rao Bound （CRB） for blind channel estimation in complex-valued Single-Input Multiple- Output （SIMO） channel is derived. In the simulations, the correctness of the CRB is validated and some channel estimation methods are evaluated by using the CRB.

Cramer-Rao bounds for the joint delay-Doppler estimation of compressive sampling pulse-Doppler radar

Time-delay and Doppler shift estimation is a basic task for pulse-Doppler radar processing. For low-rate sampling of echo signals, several kinds of compressive sampling(CS) pulse-Doppler(CSPD) radar are developed with different analog-to-information conversion(AIC) systems. However, a unified metric is absent to evaluate their parameter estimation performance. Towards this end, this paper derives the deterministic Cramer-Rao bound(CRB)for the joint delay-Doppler estimation of CSPD radar to quantitatively analyze the estimate performance. Theoretical results reveal that the CRBs of both time-delays and Doppler shifts are inversely proportional to the received target signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), the number of transmitted pulses and the sampling rate of AIC systems. The main difference is that the CRB of Doppler shifts also lies on the coherent processing interval. Numerical experiments validate these theoretical results. They also show that the structure of the AIC systems has weak influence on the CRBs, which implies that the AIC structures can be flexibly selected for the implementation of CSPD radar.

CRB for 2-D DOA Estimation in MIMO Radar with UCA

The Cramer-Rao bound(CRB)for two-dimensional(2-D)direction of arrival(DOA)estimation in multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)radar with uniform circular array(UCA)is studied.Compared with the uniform linear array(ULA),UCA can obtain the similar performance with fewer antennas and can achieve DOA estimation in the range of 360°.This paper investigates the signal model of the MIMO radar with UCA and 2-D DOA estimation with the multiple signal classification(MUSIC)method.The CRB expressions are derived for DOA estimation and the relationship between the CRB and several parameters of the MIMO radar system is discussed.The simulation results show that more antennas and larger radius of the UCA leads to lower CRB and more accurate DOA estimation performance for the monostatic MIMO radar.Also the interference during the 2-D DOA estimation will be well restrained when the number of the transmitting antennas is different from that of the receiving antennas.

CRAMER-RAO BOUNDS FOR PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF PHASE-CODING SIGNALS

In this paper, Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) is derived from phase-coding signal with additive white noise, where three important parameters are focused on: carrier frequency, chip width and amplitude. Simplified and close form expressions of CRB are obtained through complicated derivation, and then are applied to evaluate the performance of the cyclic estimator.The results are accurate enough and serve well as benchmark for evaluating the performance of parameter estimation method. Numerical simulations illustrate the accuracy and applicability of the derived CRB.

高斯线性模型正则估计的Cramér-Rao下界

该文针对正则化高斯模型中参数估计的Cramér-Rao下界(CRB)开展研究,提出了一种新型CRB.在线性高斯模型的设计矩阵单位正交的假设下,给出L_1类正则估计的方差及CRB的显式表达,并进行数值计算.进一步地,推导了正则估计的CRB取等条件:在线性高斯模型中,取得CRB的估计均为线性估计量;在正则项可微的假设下,仅二次多项式正则项可令估计取得CRB.最后,针对带稀疏特征的估计提出sparse CRB,将其与现有的CRB比较,从理论和实践两方面说明了其优势.

Localization for mixed near-field and far-field sources under impulsive noise

In order to solve the problem that the performance of traditional localization methods for mixed near-field sources(NFSs)and far-field sources(FFSs)degrades under impulsive noise,a robust and novel localization method is proposed.After eliminating the impacts of impulsive noise by the weighted out-lier filter,the direction of arrivals(DOAs)of FFSs can be estimated by multiple signal classification(MUSIC)spectral peaks search.Based on the DOAs information of FFSs,the separation of mixed sources can be performed.Finally,the estimation of localizing parameters of NFSs can avoid two-dimension spectral peaks search by decomposing steering vectors.The Cramer-Rao bounds(CRB)for the unbiased estimations of DOA and range under impulsive noise have been drawn.Simulation experiments verify that the proposed method has advantages in probability of successful estimation(PSE)and root mean square error(RMSE)compared with existing localization methods.It can be concluded that the proposed method is effective and reliable in the environment with low generalized signal to noise ratio(GSNR),few snapshots,and strong impulse.

Direction finding of bistatic MIMO radar in strong impulse noise

For bistatic multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)radar,this paper presents a robust and direction finding method in strong impulse noise environment.By means of a new lower order covariance,the method is effective in suppressing impulse noise and achieving superior direction finding performance using the maximum likelihood(ML)estimation method.A quantum equilibrium optimizer algorithm(QEOA)is devised to resolve the corresponding objective function for efficient and accurate direc-tion finding.The results of simulation reveal the capability of the presented method in success rate and root mean square error over existing direction-finding methods in different application situations,e.g.,locating coherent signal sources with very few snapshots in strong impulse noise.Other than that,the Cramér-Rao bound(CRB)under impulse noise environment has been drawn to test the capability of the presented method.

基于克拉美罗界加权的GNSS干扰源定位方法

利用多普勒测量信息,低轨卫星能够实现对全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)干扰源的快速普查。然而,由于低轨卫星的高动态特性,获得的多普勒观测量有限,导致基于经典最小二乘(least squares,LS)算法得到的定位精度有限。为提高GNSS干扰源的定位精度,提出一种基于多普勒测量克拉美罗界(Cramér-Rao bound,CRB)加权的LS定位算法,利用多普勒采样时刻的信噪比计算多普勒观测量的CRB,在LS定位算法中进行加权,使不同时刻多普勒观测量的噪声服从同方差性,则关于干扰源位置的LS解接近最优估计。在不同采样率、信噪比以及采样时长下,仿真验证了所提算法的有效性,同时通过构建基于FPGA的GNSS干扰采集和定位系统进行了实验验证。仿真及实测结果表明,该算法能够有效提升定位精度,相较于LS算法,定位性能改善比例为17.43%。

水下目标方位估计的克拉美-罗界研究

该文首次给出了任意平面离散阵列对水下窄带源和宽带源进行近场测距的克拉美-罗界(CRB),并进一步全面地推导了相应远场测向的CRB表达式。由此揭示了近场测距和远场测向的CRB的影响因素和特点:(1)两者的影响因素均可分为两部分:阵列相关因素,如阵列结构和阵列孔径等;目标信号相关因素,如目标的相对方位、信号频率、带宽和信噪比等。(2)两者均与信号带宽和谱密度函数构成的一个联合量成反比。(3)近场测距的CRB与目标距离的四次方成正比。(4)近场测距的CRB与基阵参考点的选择有关,而远场测向的CRB则与其无关。(5)对于均匀直线阵,近场测距CRB大致与阵列孔径的五次方成反比,而远场测向CRB则大致与阵列孔径的三次方成反比;对于均匀圆周阵,两者均与阵列孔径成反比,且与目标的相对方位无关。Monte-Carlo仿真结果验证了理论分析和上述结论的正确性。该文CRB不仅给出了近场测距和远场测向的最佳估计性能,而且为阵列及信号的设计提供了理论指导,以达到最优的测距和测向效果。

多载频MIMO雷达的空时超分辨算法

该文建立了多载频MIMO(Multi-Carrier-Frequency MCF-MIMO)雷达的信号模型,指出信号预处理后在接收端形成一个阵元数为N t×Nr的等效阵列(N t,N r分别为发射和接收阵元数),推导出窄带情况下导向矢量是发射和接收导向矢量的kronecker积,并针对该特点提出了采用空时2维MUSIC方法来实现距离和角度的超分辨,从而提高在多目标环境中目标距离以及角度的估计精度。推导了距离和角度估计的Cramer-Rao界,并仿真研究了估计性能与信噪比、快拍数和波达方向的关系,最后给出了面阵情况下3维空时超分辨的仿真结果,验证了该算法在面阵多维情况下的有效性。

分布式全相参雷达相干参数估计性能

针对部分收发共置的分布式全相参雷达,该文首先建立了"全发任意收"的混合结构,然后在发射多脉冲条件下推导了相干参数估计的克拉美-罗界(CRB)闭式解,研究了相干参数估计性能与收发天线数及脉冲数之间关系。结论表明:共置天线较分置天线能够获得更低的相干参数估计CRB,增加收发天线数或脉冲数,能够降低相干参数估计CRB。最后的仿真实验验证了研究结论的正确性。

锥面共形阵列天线的极化-DOA估计

由于共形载体曲率的影响,锥面共形阵列中的阵元不仅具有不同指向的方向图,而且具有不同的极化特性,从而使得共形阵列呈现多极化特性。利用锥面共形阵列的多极化特性,针对现有共形阵列下空间超分辨算法对信号极化参数估计缺失这一问题,结合多重信号分类(multiple signal classification,MUSIC)算法实现了入射信号的极化参数与二维波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)的联合估计。算法对阵列形式无特殊要求,不需要参数配对;在此基础上进一步对算法的估计性能进行了理论分析与推导,给出了算法多参数估计的克拉美-罗边界(Cramer-Rao bound,CRB)。最后通过计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性。

基于方位频率测量的水下被动目标运动分析及其特性研究

探讨了水下三维情形的被动 TMA(目标运动分析 )问题。以被动声纳容易测得的方位角、俯仰角和频率的数据量测为依据 ,在充分考虑水下复杂环境的前题下 ,首先建立动态系统模型 ,并验证了系统的可测性。然后采用伪线性估计和最大似然估计方法来研究它的 TMA问题。计算机仿真结果表明 :采用伪线性估计和最大似然估计方法均能实现水下被动 TMA。且随着测量数据的不断增加 ,定位误差椭圆不断缩小 ,伪线性估计的误差曲线向 CRB界逼近。该方法也适合于已知确定深度的三维情形及目标与本舰在同一平面的二维情形等情况。

运动双基地MIMO雷达参数估计的克拉美罗界

在杂波环境下,该文研究了目标、发射站及接收站均运动时双基地多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达参数估计的克拉美罗界(CRB)。首先建立了运动双基地MIMO雷达的数学模型,推导了杂波背景下多目标参数估计CRB的一般表示式,然后给出了无杂波时单目标波离方向(DOD)、波达方向(DOA)以及速度CRB的闭式解,并分析了各参数对CRB性能的影响。理论与仿真实验表明:无杂波时的参数估计性能优于杂波背景下的参数估计性能;目标DOD(DOA)的估计性能与收发站速度、目标速度无关,而目标速度的估计性能将随着收、发站和目标速度的增大而下降。