Microtubule arrays in prothalli large-vacuolated and meristematic dividing cells of the fern Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai were studied using Steedman's wax, indirect immunofluorescence labelling and confocal las...Microtubule arrays in prothalli large-vacuolated and meristematic dividing cells of the fern Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai were studied using Steedman's wax, indirect immunofluorescence labelling and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results showed that the use of high paraformaldehyde concentration (8%) allowed good fixation of prothallus cells, which are characterized by numerous (meristematic cells) and big (large-vacuolated cells) vacuoles. Results also plead for the efficiency of Steedman's wax embedding method in: (1) avoiding excessive use of enzyme for digesting cell wall in the process of the microtubule cytoskeleton labelling, (2) minimizing the autofluorescence effect in cells through utilization of alcohol in sample dehydration, and (3) permitting a clear visualization of microtubule patterns during the cell mitosis. Steedman's wax, coupled with immunofluorescence labelling and confocal laser scanning microscopy techniques, allows a good investigation of cell division process in plants by using simple multicellular organisms such as fern prothalli.展开更多
To improve the purity of the total phloroglucinols from Dryopteris crassirhizoma extracts, the separation and purification conditions of the total phloroglucinols from Dryopteris crassirhizoma were studied with DM-130...To improve the purity of the total phloroglucinols from Dryopteris crassirhizoma extracts, the separation and purification conditions of the total phloroglucinols from Dryopteris crassirhizoma were studied with DM-130 macroporous adsorption resin in this study. Adsorption rate, elution rate and purity of the total phloroglucinols were used as indexes to investigate the adsorption and desorption capacity of the total phloroglucinols with DM-130 macroporous adsorption resin. Through the study, the optimum sample concentration of the total phloroglucinols and maximum sample volume were 1.5 mg·mL^-1 and 7 BV （210 mL）, respectively. The optimum desorption conditions were achieved by using 80% ethanol as desorption solvent at elution flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1. The result showed DM-130 macroporous adsorption resin performed effective adsorption and desorption. After purification, the purity of the total phloroglucinols increased by 11.5-fold.展开更多
Abstract: The ultrastructure of oogenesis in Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The nucleus in the young egg is rounded with an uneven outline. As it develops,...Abstract: The ultrastructure of oogenesis in Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The nucleus in the young egg is rounded with an uneven outline. As it develops, it becomes amoeboid and extends nuclear protrusions that are not only sac-like nuclear evaginations like those often seen in the oogenesis of other ferns, but also mushroom-like and finger-like, with an opening at their end allowing the nucleolus material to flow out from the openings. This has not been observed previously. The nuclear protrusions differ from Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. in the absence of sheets of nuclear membrane in the form of a closed ring. As the egg matures, the nucleus transforms into a tuber-like structure with a smooth surface, lying transversely in the egg cell. In the immature egg, vesicles almost encircle the nucleus twice and are most remarkable. In the maturing egg, the vesicles are distributed at the periphery, except for at the top of the egg, and affect the formation of the separation cavity and extra egg membrane. Simultaneously, vesicles from the venter canal cell move to the egg and take part in the formation of separation cavity and extra egg membrane. In the mature egg, a large number of small vesicles containing fragments of lamellae or osmiophilic material emerge from the cytoplasm. The origin of these vesicles is obscure. Irregular plastids containing a cylindrical starch grain dedifferentiated progressively. Mitochondria seem to have been undeveloped during the process, but return to normal at later stages of oogenesis. There is a high frequency of ribosomes in the mature egg. Microtubules, rarely seen in the eggs of D. filix-mas (L.) Schott. and Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, have been observed inside the plasmalemma of the maturing egg in D. crassirhizoma.展开更多
文摘Microtubule arrays in prothalli large-vacuolated and meristematic dividing cells of the fern Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai were studied using Steedman's wax, indirect immunofluorescence labelling and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results showed that the use of high paraformaldehyde concentration (8%) allowed good fixation of prothallus cells, which are characterized by numerous (meristematic cells) and big (large-vacuolated cells) vacuoles. Results also plead for the efficiency of Steedman's wax embedding method in: (1) avoiding excessive use of enzyme for digesting cell wall in the process of the microtubule cytoskeleton labelling, (2) minimizing the autofluorescence effect in cells through utilization of alcohol in sample dehydration, and (3) permitting a clear visualization of microtubule patterns during the cell mitosis. Steedman's wax, coupled with immunofluorescence labelling and confocal laser scanning microscopy techniques, allows a good investigation of cell division process in plants by using simple multicellular organisms such as fern prothalli.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31070291)
文摘To improve the purity of the total phloroglucinols from Dryopteris crassirhizoma extracts, the separation and purification conditions of the total phloroglucinols from Dryopteris crassirhizoma were studied with DM-130 macroporous adsorption resin in this study. Adsorption rate, elution rate and purity of the total phloroglucinols were used as indexes to investigate the adsorption and desorption capacity of the total phloroglucinols with DM-130 macroporous adsorption resin. Through the study, the optimum sample concentration of the total phloroglucinols and maximum sample volume were 1.5 mg·mL^-1 and 7 BV （210 mL）, respectively. The optimum desorption conditions were achieved by using 80% ethanol as desorption solvent at elution flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1. The result showed DM-130 macroporous adsorption resin performed effective adsorption and desorption. After purification, the purity of the total phloroglucinols increased by 11.5-fold.
文摘Abstract: The ultrastructure of oogenesis in Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The nucleus in the young egg is rounded with an uneven outline. As it develops, it becomes amoeboid and extends nuclear protrusions that are not only sac-like nuclear evaginations like those often seen in the oogenesis of other ferns, but also mushroom-like and finger-like, with an opening at their end allowing the nucleolus material to flow out from the openings. This has not been observed previously. The nuclear protrusions differ from Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. in the absence of sheets of nuclear membrane in the form of a closed ring. As the egg matures, the nucleus transforms into a tuber-like structure with a smooth surface, lying transversely in the egg cell. In the immature egg, vesicles almost encircle the nucleus twice and are most remarkable. In the maturing egg, the vesicles are distributed at the periphery, except for at the top of the egg, and affect the formation of the separation cavity and extra egg membrane. Simultaneously, vesicles from the venter canal cell move to the egg and take part in the formation of separation cavity and extra egg membrane. In the mature egg, a large number of small vesicles containing fragments of lamellae or osmiophilic material emerge from the cytoplasm. The origin of these vesicles is obscure. Irregular plastids containing a cylindrical starch grain dedifferentiated progressively. Mitochondria seem to have been undeveloped during the process, but return to normal at later stages of oogenesis. There is a high frequency of ribosomes in the mature egg. Microtubules, rarely seen in the eggs of D. filix-mas (L.) Schott. and Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, have been observed inside the plasmalemma of the maturing egg in D. crassirhizoma.
