Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of the South China Craton： New Insights from the Polyphase Deformation in the Southwestern Jiangnan Orogen

A 〉1500–km–long northeast–southwest trending Neoproterozoic metamorphic belt in the South China Craton（SCC） consists of subduction mélange and extensional basin deposits. This belt is present under an unconformity of Devonian–Carboniferous sediments. Tectonic evolution of the Neoproterozoic rocks is crucial to determining the geology of the SCC and further influences the reconstruction of the Rodinia supercontinent. A subduction mélange unit enclosed ca.1000–850–Ma mafic blocks, which defined a Neoproterozoic ocean that existed within the SCC, is exposed at the bottom of the Jiangnan Orogen（JO） and experienced at least two phases deformation. Combined with new（detrital） zircon U–Pb ages from metasandstones, as well as igneous rocks within the metamorphic belt, we restrict the strongly deformed subduction mélange as younger than the minimum detrital age ca. 835 Ma and older than the ca. 815 Ma intruded granite. Unconformably overlying the subduction mélange and the intruded granite, an intra–continental rift basin developed 〈800 Ma that involved abundant mantle inputs, such as mafic dikes. This stratum only experienced one main phase deformation. According to our white mica ^40Ar/^（30）Ar data and previously documented thermochronology, both the Neoproterozoic mélange and younger strata were exhumed by a 490–400–Ma crustal–scale positive flower structure. This orogenic event probably induced the thick–skinned structures and was accompanied by crustal thickening, metamorphism and magmatism and led to the closure of the pre–existing rift basin. Integrating previously published data and our new results, we agree that the SCC was located on the periphery of the Rodinia supercontinent from the Neoproterozic until the Ordovician. Furthermore, we prefer that the convergence and dispersal of the SCC were primarily controlled by oceanic subduction forces that occurred within or periphery of the SCC.

江南造山带东段新元古代花岗岩组合的年代学和地球化学:对扬子与华夏地块拼合时间与过程的约束

江南造山带东段发育了一系列新元古代的花岗岩类侵入体,本文用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法对区内出露的主要岩体(包括许村岩体、歙县岩体、休宁岩体、灵山岩体、莲花山岩体、石耳山岩体)进行了定年,并分析了这些岩体代表性样品的主量和微量元素含量。结果表明,区内的花岗岩类侵入体分属S-型和A-型两类,前者属于同造山的岩浆岩,成分主要为花岗闪长质;后者为晚造山的岩浆岩,成分为花岗质。S-型花岗闪长质岩浆是在碰撞、地壳加厚后由不成熟的变质沉积-火山岩系经减压熔融形成的。由同造山到晚造山阶段,随着地壳应力由挤压转为拉张,所形成的A-型花岗岩中有明显的新生地幔物质的加入。两类岩体的空间分布有明显的规律,且随时间具有明显的向南(大洋侧)迁移的趋势。同造山的S-型花岗闪长质侵入体均分布在皖南蛇绿混杂岩带的北侧(及缝合带内),其中空间位置最北突的许村岩体的侵位时间最早,为850±10Ma;位于皖南蛇绿混杂岩带内,具有同构造特点的歙县岩体的侵位时间为838±11Ma;同样侵位于该缝合带内,具有晚构造特点的休宁岩体的侵位时间为826±6Ma。而晚造山的A型花岗岩均分布在该缝合带的南侧,其中灵山岩体和莲花山岩体的侵位年龄分别为823±18Ma和814±26Ma,两者的侵位时间在误差范围内一致。后造山裂谷环境下形成的石耳山花岗斑岩的年龄为785±11Ma。我们认为江南造山带形成于新元古代,造山过程具有多岛弧拼贴、多缝合的特点。不同缝合带上洋盆闭合的时间存在着差异,最早闭合的可能是赣东北带(蛇绿岩套)、其次是江山-绍兴带,最后是皖南带(歙县蛇绿岩套)。不同缝合带上发育的岛弧型火山岩在地球化学性质上存在着明显的差异,前两者是在洋壳基础上发育起来的,而后者是在不成熟的陆壳基础上发育起来的。江南造山带形成后不久,其南侧即遭受到后造山裂谷(南华裂谷系?)作用的破坏,只是到了早古生代末期(加里东期)扬子克拉通与华夏地块之间的裂谷才最终闭会形成华南统一大陆。

湘黔桂新元古代拉伸纪晚期地层年代格架对比及关键地质事件初探

湘黔桂地区发育一套完整的新元古代拉伸纪晚期地层(下江群及其相当地层),是研究扬子克拉通与华夏板块碰撞拼接后华南大陆裂谷盆地演化的重要载体。本文报道了贵州省铜仁市万山区清水江组上部、平略组底部及中部变质凝灰岩和沉凝灰岩的年龄,分别为(763.8±5.5)Ma(N=24,MSWD=0.29)、(760.2±4.1)Ma(N=25,MSWD=0.39)、(759.1±3.9)Ma(N=26,MSWD=0.38)。通过对湘黔桂地区下江群及其相当地层中已有火山岩、火山碎屑沉积岩、含凝灰质岩石年龄的系统梳理与分析研究,进一步确定下江群其及相当地层的沉积时限在822~715 Ma,桂北丹洲群三门街组玄武岩是在武陵造山后伸展背景下湘黔桂地区裂谷最大裂陷时期的产物,清水江组与平略组内大量的火山物质可能来源于江南造山带东段800~760 Ma的中酸性喷出岩。结合地层、岩性、年代特征,本文恢复了湘黔桂盆地新元古代拉伸纪晚期的演化历史,并认为该套地层符合建立下江系条件。