Undersized crawfish have little economic value and are often discarded.Producing crawfish minced meat(CMM)from undersized crawfish and using an appropriate freezing technique may enable an economically viable market.T...Undersized crawfish have little economic value and are often discarded.Producing crawfish minced meat(CMM)from undersized crawfish and using an appropriate freezing technique may enable an economically viable market.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the energy removal rate using two techniques,cryogenic freezing(CF)and air blast freezing(BF),on CMM’s quality during frozen storage.CMM was separated into two batches;one batch was cryogenically frozen with liquid nitrogen and the other batch was frozen with an air blast freezer.CMM batches were frozen and stored at−18℃.They were analyzed for moisture content,color,pH,and lipid oxidation during 180 days of storage.The CMM yield was 64.67%of the total crawfish weight.Cryogenic freezing achieved the highest freezing rate.Cryogenically frozen CMM showed 22%less lipid oxidation than CMM frozen by air blast freezing at 180 days of storage.This study showed that CMM could be mechanically produced from undersized crawfish and freezing techniques with high energy removal rate could better maintain quality attributes for CMM during frozen storage.展开更多
A fragment sized 400bp of White spot syndrome virus(WSSV,formerly designated NOSV),recovered from recombinant plasmid pAFD, was labeled with Digoxigenin as a probe to detect dynamic distribution of WSSV within 120h an...A fragment sized 400bp of White spot syndrome virus(WSSV,formerly designated NOSV),recovered from recombinant plasmid pAFD, was labeled with Digoxigenin as a probe to detect dynamic distribution of WSSV within 120h and 72h in crawfishes( Cambarus proclarkii ) inoculated WSSV by oral taking and injection respectively. Stomach epithelium, intestine epithelium, heart, gill, haemolymph, muscle, hepatopancreas, hypoderm, connective tissue and ovary of infected crawfishes were examined for WSSV. In both groups, WSSV was first detected in heamolymph at 12h p.i. and then disappeared. Again it was detected at 96h p.i. only in oral infection group and maintained till 120h p.i., but it didn’t appear at 72h p.i. in injection group. WSSV in heart, muscle was detected at 36h p.i. in oral infection group and 24h p.i. in injection group respectively, and then increased generally. In addition, WSSV in intestine epithelium, connective tissue, ovary of oral infection group and intestine epithelium, hypoderm, ovary of injection group could also be detected. In dead crawfishes after 120h and 72h p.i. in two groups, WSSV could be detected in all the examined tissues and it demonstrated that systemic infection occurred in the animales. The tissue containing more amounts of WSSV was hypoderm in oral infection group, while intestine epithelium, gill, hypoderm, ovary in injection infection group. It deduced that WSSV first appears in haemolymph and then goes into heart, muscle and other tissues and proliferates in them. Once again, WSSV is released into heamolymph resulting in systemic infection till crawfishes’ death.展开更多
文摘Undersized crawfish have little economic value and are often discarded.Producing crawfish minced meat(CMM)from undersized crawfish and using an appropriate freezing technique may enable an economically viable market.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the energy removal rate using two techniques,cryogenic freezing(CF)and air blast freezing(BF),on CMM’s quality during frozen storage.CMM was separated into two batches;one batch was cryogenically frozen with liquid nitrogen and the other batch was frozen with an air blast freezer.CMM batches were frozen and stored at−18℃.They were analyzed for moisture content,color,pH,and lipid oxidation during 180 days of storage.The CMM yield was 64.67%of the total crawfish weight.Cryogenic freezing achieved the highest freezing rate.Cryogenically frozen CMM showed 22%less lipid oxidation than CMM frozen by air blast freezing at 180 days of storage.This study showed that CMM could be mechanically produced from undersized crawfish and freezing techniques with high energy removal rate could better maintain quality attributes for CMM during frozen storage.
基金Supported by Gaoyou Demonstration and Extension Base of Modern Agricultural(Rice and Wheat)Industrial Technology System in Jiangsu(SXGC[2017]168)Funds for Independent Innovation of Jiangsu Province(CX17(2007),KF(17)1022)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Plan Project(BE2017332)Agricultural Standardization Pilot Project of Jiangsu Province([2017]46)~~
文摘A fragment sized 400bp of White spot syndrome virus(WSSV,formerly designated NOSV),recovered from recombinant plasmid pAFD, was labeled with Digoxigenin as a probe to detect dynamic distribution of WSSV within 120h and 72h in crawfishes( Cambarus proclarkii ) inoculated WSSV by oral taking and injection respectively. Stomach epithelium, intestine epithelium, heart, gill, haemolymph, muscle, hepatopancreas, hypoderm, connective tissue and ovary of infected crawfishes were examined for WSSV. In both groups, WSSV was first detected in heamolymph at 12h p.i. and then disappeared. Again it was detected at 96h p.i. only in oral infection group and maintained till 120h p.i., but it didn’t appear at 72h p.i. in injection group. WSSV in heart, muscle was detected at 36h p.i. in oral infection group and 24h p.i. in injection group respectively, and then increased generally. In addition, WSSV in intestine epithelium, connective tissue, ovary of oral infection group and intestine epithelium, hypoderm, ovary of injection group could also be detected. In dead crawfishes after 120h and 72h p.i. in two groups, WSSV could be detected in all the examined tissues and it demonstrated that systemic infection occurred in the animales. The tissue containing more amounts of WSSV was hypoderm in oral infection group, while intestine epithelium, gill, hypoderm, ovary in injection infection group. It deduced that WSSV first appears in haemolymph and then goes into heart, muscle and other tissues and proliferates in them. Once again, WSSV is released into heamolymph resulting in systemic infection till crawfishes’ death.
