Protective mechanism of quercetin compounds against acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity

Quercetin compounds have antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and anticancer pharmacological functions.Longterm exposure to acrylamide(AA)can cause liver injury and endanger human health.However,whether quercetin compounds can attenuate AA-induced liver injury and the specific mechanism are not clear.Here,we studied the mechanism and structure-activity relationship of quercetin compounds in reducing AA-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.In vivo studies found that quercetin-like compounds protect against AAinduced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress levels,activating the Akt/m TOR signaling pathway to attenuate autophagy,and improving mitochondrial apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis.In vitro studies found that quercetin compounds protected Hep G2 cells from AA by attenuating the activation of AA-induced autophagy,lowering reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels by exerting antioxidant effects and thus attenuating oxidative stress,increasing mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and improving apoptosis-related proteins,thus attenuating AA-induced apoptosis.Furthermore,the conformational differences between quercetin compounds correlated with their protective capacity against AA-induced hepatotoxicity,with quercetin showing the best protective capacity due to its strongest antioxidant activity.In conclusion,quercetin compounds can protect against AA-induced liver injury through multiple pathways of oxidative stress,autophagy and apoptosis,and their protective capacity correlates with antioxidant activity.

A Cover-Independent Deep Image Hiding Method Based on Domain Attention Mechanism

Recently,deep image-hiding techniques have attracted considerable attention in covert communication and high-capacity information hiding.However,these approaches have some limitations.For example,a cover image lacks self-adaptability,information leakage,or weak concealment.To address these issues,this study proposes a universal and adaptable image-hiding method.First,a domain attention mechanism is designed by combining the Atrous convolution,which makes better use of the relationship between the secret image domain and the cover image domain.Second,to improve perceived human similarity,perceptual loss is incorporated into the training process.The experimental results are promising,with the proposed method achieving an average pixel discrepancy(APD)of 1.83 and a peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)value of 40.72 dB between the cover and stego images,indicative of its high-quality output.Furthermore,the structural similarity index measure(SSIM)reaches 0.985 while the learned perceptual image patch similarity(LPIPS)remarkably registers at 0.0001.Moreover,self-testing and cross-experiments demonstrate the model’s adaptability and generalization in unknown hidden spaces,making it suitable for diverse computer vision tasks.

Antioxidant Protection Mechanisms Reveal Significant Response in Drought-Induced Oxidative Stress in Some Traditional Rice of Assam, India

Drought tolerance levels and antioxidant protection mechanisms were evaluated for 21 traditional rice varieties of Assam, India, along with Sahbhagi Dhan （drought tolerant） and IR64 （drought sensitive） as controls. Drought was imposed in hydroponic culture with polyethylene glycol 6000 （PEG6000） that was initially standardized with different concentrations. All the rice varieties showed apparent decreases in growth characteristics under drought stress （initially at 15% for 7 d followed by 20% PEG6000 for 7 d in Yoshida medium）. On the basis of standard evaluation score （SES）, eight rice varieties showed high drought tolerance which were carried forward for further biochemical analyses. Based on different morpho- physiological parameters, SN03 （Bora）, SN04 （Prosad Bhog）, SN05 （Kola Joha）, SN06 （Helash Bora）, SN08 （Salihoi Bao）, SN12 （Kola Amona）, SN20 （Ronga Bora） and SN21 （Sok-Bonglong） were identified as promising drought tolerant varieties. The non-enzymatic antioxidants activities viz., glutathione, ascorbate and enzymatic antioxidant activities such as superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, guaiacol peroxidase （GPX）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, glutathione reductase （GR） in shoots and roots of all the selected varieties revealed significant level of protection mechanisms as compared with controls. Enhancement in activities of the overall antioxidant enzymes including SOD, GPX, CAT, GR and APX under drought stress reflects their role in the adaptation process under water stress.

User location privacy protection mechanism for location-based services

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things(IoT),Location-Based Services(LBS)are becoming more and more popular.However,for the users being served,how to protect their location privacy has become a growing concern.This has led to great difficulty in establishing trust between the users and the service providers,hindering the development of LBS for more comprehensive functions.In this paper,we first establish a strong identity verification mechanism to ensure the authentication security of the system and then design a new location privacy protection mechanism based on the privacy proximity test problem.This mechanism not only guarantees the confidentiality of the user s information during the subsequent information interaction and dynamic data transmission,but also meets the service provider's requirements for related data.

Study on Mechanism and Control Effect of Highway Slope Ecological Protection

At present,with the rapid development of social economy,people's awareness of environmental protection continues to increase,and environmental construction and environmental protection work are put on the agenda.Highway slope greening protection is an important means to achieve social sustainable development.Developed countries carried out research earlier in this area,and China's research in this area started later.In engineering construction,ecological protection is to realize slope reinforcement and slope protection depending on the water storage and soil fixation effects of vegetation.Its slope protection can be summarized as the mechanical effect of root system and the hydrological effect of vegetation.As a basic form of slope greening protection,it is necessary for us to understand the mechanism of ecological protection and to enhance the design of ecological protection accordingly.Based on this,the article analyzed the development of slope greening protection technology and ecological protection mechanism from different angles,so as to establish a theoretical framework for future research.

Game Analysis and Mechanism Design of Ecological Protection Red Line for Ecologically Vulnerable Areas in Western China

Drawing the ecological protection red line is to maintain the integrity and benign operation of the ecosystem within the area,and to ensure that the ecological environment is within the boundary of controllable ecological security.Taking the ecologically vulnerable areas in western China as the research object and using the game theory and literature analysis,this paper studied the game behavior of ecological protection red line in these areas.In addition,this paper also analyzed the stakeholders such as government,enterprises and the masses in the drawing of the ecological protection red line,and comprehensively analyzed the game strategies between the government and the masses,the government and enterprises,and the central and local governments and enterprises.On the basis of the analysis,it came up with a safeguard mechanism for the coordination of the interests of the ecological protection red line.

Study on Protection Mechanism of Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai f. lutescens kitag Fruit Polysaccharides on Mice with Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury

This study was conducted to investigate the protective mechanism of V. coloratum fruit polysaccharides（ VCFP） on mice with acute alcoholic liver injury. Acute liver injury model was built by one-time alcohol gavage. The mice were randomly divided into VCFP-treated groups（ low-,medium-,and highdose）,alcohol model group and normal control group at the same time. VCFP-treated groups were administrated polysaccharide intragastrically continuously for4 weeks; and the alcohol model group and normal control group were administrated intragastrically the same amount of normal saline. The general situation and liver tissue morphological structure changes were observed. The results showed that the levels of ALT,AST,TC,TG,MDA contents,and CAT and GSH-Px activity of mice in the model group increased significantly（ P 〈 0. 01）,while the activity of SOD and weight and liver index decreased significantly（ P 〈 0. 01） compared with the normal control group. After 4 weeks of gavage,VCFP could significantly improve weight,liver index and SOD activity,and significantly reduce ALT,AST,TC and TG levels,MDA content and CAT and GSH-Px activity. These results suggest that VCFP can improve antioxidant enzyme activity,remove oxygen free radical and reduce membrane lipid peroxidation reaction,thereby protecting liver cells.

Recycling Spent LiCoO_(2)Battery as a High-efficient Lithiumdoped Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Co_(3)O_(4)Composite Photocatalyst and Its Synergistic Photocatalytic Mechanism

The ever-increasing quantity of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is both a potential environmental pollutant and a valuable resource.The spent LIBs recycling mainly aimed at the separation of valuable elements.Some issues still exist in these processes such as high energy consumption and complex separation procedures.This study avoided element separation and proposed a facile approach to transform spent LiCoO_(2) electrode into a lithium(Li)-doped graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))/Co_(3)O_(4) composite photocatalyst through one-pot in situ thermal reduction.During the thermal process,melamine served as the reductant for LiCoO_(2) decomposition and the raw material for g-C_(3)N_(4) production.Li was in situ doped in g-C_(3)N_(4) and the generated Co_(3)O_(4) was in situ integrated,forming a Li-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)/Co_(3)O_(4) composite photocatalyst.This special composite exhibited an enhanced photocatalytic performance,and its photocatalytic H2 production and RhB degradation rates were 8.7 and 6.8 times higher than those of g-C_(3)N_(4).The experiments combined with DFT calculation revealed that such enhanced photocatalytic efficiency was ascribed to the synergy effect of Li doping and Co_(3)O_(4) integrating,which extended the visible light absorption(450-900 nm)and facilitated the charge transfer and separation.This study transforms waste into a high-efficient catalyst,realizing high-valued utilization of waste and environmental protection.

Coordination Mechanism of the Legal Protection of Resource Security with Its Relative Laws

The basis of the legal protection of resource security is its relative laws, which have four main characteristics, which are foundational, divergent, comprehensive and of long-term social benefits in view. The coordination mechanism of the legal protection of resource security with its relative laws meets the needs of the sustainable development of the economy, society and environment. It also facilitates and is facilitated by the modern transformation of the legal system in China, and upholds the legal system as a logically self-perfecting entity. Furthermore, this coordination bears scientific feasibility.

Persist in Law-based Protection of Human Rights and Improve the Mechanism for the Protection of Human Rights by the Rule of Law

General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech on China’s Path of Human Rights at a group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on February 25,2022.Persisting with the law-based protection of human rights and improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law are essential for unswervingly following the development path of human rights in China.The improvement of the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law necessitates adhering to the principle of respecting the dominant role of the people and removing the institutional obstacles in rule of law protection of human rights;to comprehensively strengthen the implementation of the Constitution,advance the filing and examination of the Constitution,and safeguard the authority of the Constitution;to accelerate the theoretical innovation of human rights and the construction of the discipline system,the academic system and the discourse system of human rights that meet the needs of the new era in China,and to actively participate in and contribute to the global governance on human rights,etc.Improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law can provide a solid protection for people enjoying a better life.

Study of Human Rights Protection Mechanisms for Suspects at the Investigation Stage

When criminal suspects are being investigated for criminal responsibil- ity, they are the most vulnerable to infringement by public power. Thus, they need more special attention and protection. It is the in- evitable requirement of the modern democratic rule of law, and also the inevitable historic choice of respecting and protecting human rights.

新时代我国政府购买公共服务市场化面临的困境与路径选择

政府购买公共服务“圈内化”现象突出,市场化程度滞后,严重影响公共服务供给效率。研究发现:公共产品的模糊性、购买制度的模糊性和交易关系的模糊性所构成的政府购买信息非标准化是影响政府购买公共服务市场化的主要“症结”;不同社会组织距离政府中心的位置远近直接影响其项目获取能力,紧密组织具有赢得政府购买的天然优势,独立组织在政府购买中处于相对劣势,松散组织游离于二者之间;政府的强权威和“稳中求进”的思维惯性往往倾向于“圈内购买”,造成政府购买公共服务难以市场化。建议通过建立公共服务市场化清单,明晰公共服务边界;完善购买制度体系,强化制度约束;加大培育市场化社会组织,强化功能引导;优化政府公共服务市场化购买机制,提升政府购买公开透明度等举措推进政府购买公共服务市场化。

情境优化、结构重塑与行为纠偏:农村生态河道长效管护的路径突破

加强农村河湖管理是实施乡村振兴战略的重要任务。在自上而下的政策引导下,各级政府全面推进农村生态河道建设工作。然而,农村生态河道管护是一项长期任务和系统工程。反思既有研究从单一维度分析农村生态河道管护的局限性,在对P镇生态河道管护的运行逻辑及长效机制分析基础上发现农村生态河道要实现真正意义上的长效管护,必须构建集保障、组织、运行于一体的管护体系,并从情境优化、结构重塑、行动纠偏等三个层面提出相应的治理思路。

基于烧蚀机理的涂层类防热结构精细化设计方法

为了实现轻质化、低成本、精细化防热设计,提出基于烧蚀机理的涂层类防热结构精细化设计方法,使用烧蚀机理初步计算出涂层烧蚀碳层厚度,从而建立烧蚀精细化热仿真计算模型,并计算得到较为准确的防隔热仿真结果,该方法的应用可为舱段涂层防热方案论证提供科学有效的理论分析手段,指导防热方案设计,并达到降低设计成本、缩短研制周期的目的。

联邦学习中的攻击手段与防御机制研究综述

联邦学习的攻防技术是联邦学习系统安全的核心问题。联邦学习的攻防技术能大幅降低联邦学习系统被攻击的风险,明显提升联邦学习系统的安全性。深入了解联邦学习的攻防技术,可以推进联邦学习领域的研究,实现联邦学习的广泛应用。因此,对联邦学习的攻防技术进行研究具有十分重要的意义。简要地介绍了联邦学习的概念、基本工作流程、类型及可能存在的安全问题;介绍联邦学习系统可能遭受到的攻击,梳理了相关研究;从联邦学习系统有无目标性的防御措施出发,将防御措施分为通用性防御措施及针对性防御措施两类,并对其进行了针对性的总结;对联邦学习安全性未来的研究方向进行了梳理与分析,为相关研究者在联邦学习安全性方面的研究工作提供了参考。

钢在高温CO_(2)环境中氧化渗碳腐蚀机理及其涂层防护研究进展

钢材由于具有高强度和耐热性等优异性能而广泛应用于各种零构件,在服役过程中通常面临较为严重的腐蚀问题。CO_(2)腐蚀是钢材应用领域中较为常见的一种腐蚀失效方式。通常,CO_(2)对钢的腐蚀行为表现为其溶于水后产生的碳酸腐蚀,但在高温环境中,CO_(2)可直接使钢表面氧化,同时伴随渗碳现象发生,钢的力学性能与耐腐蚀性能均会因此大幅下降。然而,目前关于钢在高温CO_(2)环境中的腐蚀行为研究缺乏相关系统总结。综述有关高温CO_(2)环境下钢的腐蚀机理,总结高温CO_(2)环境中温度、压力以及环境中存在的其他杂质气体对腐蚀方式及机理的影响规律,归纳已有的高温CO_(2)氧化与渗碳腐蚀模型的发展状况,概述目前关于抗高温CO_(2)腐蚀的钢材涂层类型及其防护效果。研究表明,由于含Cr钢在高温CO_(2)环境中形成的Cr2O3层相较于Fe氧化物层更加致密,Cr元素的存在通常有利于钢的耐腐蚀性能。而环境中,温度与压力的升高以及杂质气体的存在往往会加重钢的CO_(2)腐蚀,但这些因素的影响规律会随着钢的种类及服役环境的变化而变化。目前关于钢的CO_(2)腐蚀模型主要为单一的高温氧化模型或者渗碳模型,可预测氧化物层厚度或渗碳深度,但无法准确预测同时发生氧化和渗碳行为的钢的腐蚀寿命。综述相关研究现状不仅能指出现有研究的不足及未来研究的展开方向,还可为高温环境中钢材抗CO_(2)腐蚀防护措施的选择及其长周期安全服务寿命评价提供全面理论依据。

某电源模块厚膜电阻硫化机理及防护对策

针对本单位某型电子产品内主板的电源模块上的厚膜电阻首次出现硫化的问题,开展了行业现状调研,研究了厚膜电阻硫化机理,分析了电源模块上厚膜电阻硫化的原因。从器件选型、设计优化、工艺改进三个方面提出了提升电源模块抗硫化能力的防护措施。重点论述了涂覆三防漆的改善措施,且经工艺验证可行,能够起到提升电源模块防硫化能力的作用。

卫星用高能激光防护技术发展现状

高能激光技术不断发展,逐渐成为卫星在轨安全的威胁。介绍了高能连续激光和脉冲激光武器对卫星损伤机制的研究进展。针对卫星太阳电池阵、相机、星敏感器等光学系统以及热控多层、复合材料推进剂储箱等非光学关键结构防护特点,总结分析了线性光学防护薄膜、非线性光学防护薄膜、相变材料、机械快门、高损伤阈值薄膜和防护罩等各种高能激光防护技术的主要原理、发展现状和技术特点。