The increasing rate of insecurity in Nigeria, especially the southwest requires a paradigm shift from popular approach to crime hotspots detection. This study employed geospatial technologies to integrate spatio-tempo...The increasing rate of insecurity in Nigeria, especially the southwest requires a paradigm shift from popular approach to crime hotspots detection. This study employed geospatial technologies to integrate spatio-temporal crime, social media and field observation data from the communities in all the six states in the southwest to develop crime hotspots that can serve as preliminary information to assist in allocating resources for crime control and prevention. Historical crime data from January 1972 to April, 2021 were compiled and updated with rigorous field survey in September, 2021. The field data were encoded, input to the SPSS 17 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. A total 936 crime locations data were geolocated and exported to ArcGIS 10.5 for spatial mapping using point map operation and further imported to e-Spatial web-based and QGIS for the generation of hotspot map using heatmap tool. The results revealed that armed robbery, assassination and cultism were more pronounced in Lagos and Ogun States. Similarly, high incidences of farmers/herdsmen conflicts are observed in Oyo and Osun States. Increasing incidences of kidnapping are common in all the south-western states but very prominent in Ondo, Lagos and Oyo States. Most of the violent crime incidents took place along the highways, with forests being their hideouts. Violent crimes are dominantly caused by high rate of unemployment while farmer/herdsmen conflicts were majorly triggered by the scarcity of grazing fields and destruction of arable crops. The conflicts have resulted in the increasing cases of rape and disruption of social group, intake of hard drugs, cult-related activities, low income and revenue generation, and displacement of farmers and infrastructural damages. The study advocates regular retraining and equipping of security agents, establishment of cattle ranch, and installation of sophisticated IP Camera at the crime hotspots to assist in real-time crime monitoring and management.展开更多
The study examines the Spatial Pattern and Distribution of Crime in Suleja LGA, Niger State, Nigeria. The study used GIS and statistical methods to analyse the pattern and distribution of crime incidence in the study ...The study examines the Spatial Pattern and Distribution of Crime in Suleja LGA, Niger State, Nigeria. The study used GIS and statistical methods to analyse the pattern and distribution of crime incidence in the study area. The records of each crime incidence were geocoded. Microsoft Excel was used to collate and organise the crime entries before they were imported into the ArcGIS Pro 2.0 environment. A geodatabase was created where the spatial and aspatial data were encoded and geospatial analysis was performed. The study reveals that the crime distribution pattern is generally clustered with a Global Moran’s I index of 0.097, a Z-score of 1.87, and a P-value < 0.06. Furthermore, the study reveals that armed robbery (61), kidnapping (40), car theft (33), culpable homicide (31), rape (29), and robbery (13) cases rank the highest in crime rate. Equally, findings of the study show that Chaza, Kwamba, Madalla, Suleja central, and Gaboda are the major crime hotspot zones at 90% confidence, as analysed using the Getis-Ord Gi* (Hot spot analysis) spatial statistics tool in ArcGIS Pro 2.0. The research therefore recommends that more effort be put into fighting crime, especially in areas where there are low-security formations, as they mostly have the highest record of crimes committed. Also, the patrol units should be equipped with GPS for better surveillance and real-time tracking of criminal activities.展开更多
This paper first examines crime situation in Benin metropolis using questionnaire to elicit information from the public and the police. Result shows that crime is on the rise and that the police are handicapped in man...This paper first examines crime situation in Benin metropolis using questionnaire to elicit information from the public and the police. Result shows that crime is on the rise and that the police are handicapped in managing it because of the obsolete methods and resources at their disposal. It also reveals that members of the public have no confidence in the police force as 80% do not report cases for fear of exposure to the informant to the criminal. In the light of these situations, the second part of the paper looks at the possibility of utilizing GIS for effective management of crime in Nigeria. This option was explored by showing the procedural method of creating 1) digital landuse map showing the crime locations, 2) crime geo-spatial database, and 3) spatial analysis such as query and buffering using ILWIS and ArcGIS software and GPS. The result of buffering analysis shows crime hotspots, areas deficient in security outfit, areas of overlap and areas requiring constant police patrol. The study proves that GIS can give a better synoptic perspective to crime study, analysis, mapping, proactive decision making and prevention of crime. It however suggests that migrating from traditional method of crime management to GIS demands capacity building in the area of personnel, laboratory and facilities backed up with policy statement.展开更多
基于道路交通网络的热点分析可以获取犯罪热点道路,从而为公安巡控、警务资源优化提供指导性意见。以等距路段为最小研究单元,采用等距路段热点研究方法识别分析北京市西城区2016年盗窃犯罪在道路交通网络上的分布情况。对于空间兴趣点(...基于道路交通网络的热点分析可以获取犯罪热点道路,从而为公安巡控、警务资源优化提供指导性意见。以等距路段为最小研究单元,采用等距路段热点研究方法识别分析北京市西城区2016年盗窃犯罪在道路交通网络上的分布情况。对于空间兴趣点(points of interest, POI)的10类源数据,采用主成分分析方法实现降维,通过多元线性回归对提取出的两类主成分因子进行犯罪影响因素解释。研究发现:北京市西城区盗窃犯罪在空间分布上呈高度聚集态势,少量路段聚集了大量犯罪;热点路段大都集中在人员流动性大、交通便利等地区;较不等距路段犯罪热点分析方法而言,等距路段犯罪热点分析方法可以更精准地实现热点路段的识别;提取两个主成分分别是与居民日常生活类和与居民精神文化类,与居民日常生活较多的区域对犯罪的发生呈正相关作用,与居民精神文化相关的区域对犯罪的发生呈反相关作用。研究结果可以为一线执法机关的警务资源分布优化、维护社会稳定提供安全防范依据。展开更多
近年来信息科技迅猛发展,地理建构空间资料不断累积。本研究藉由大数据数据的搜集及地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)的犯罪制图与空间分析(Spatial Analysis)技术,结合台湾新北市2007年至2016年毒品犯罪查获案件纪录,...近年来信息科技迅猛发展,地理建构空间资料不断累积。本研究藉由大数据数据的搜集及地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)的犯罪制图与空间分析(Spatial Analysis)技术,结合台湾新北市2007年至2016年毒品犯罪查获案件纪录,加以整合分析其犯罪热区与分布特性。将毒品查获犯罪点以空间单元每一区的"里"进行地理分区,以分析毒品犯罪时空分布特性,掌握毒品犯罪在不同时空的群聚、扩散、转移等趋势。并利用犯罪制图绘制呈现空间群聚相关分析与结论,为警政机关研究制定查缉毒品之策略提供参考建议,同时应用于基层警察勤务规划与侦查部署,提高勤务绩效,以有效遏阻毒品犯罪者之意图及彻底断绝毒品供给之行为。展开更多
文摘The increasing rate of insecurity in Nigeria, especially the southwest requires a paradigm shift from popular approach to crime hotspots detection. This study employed geospatial technologies to integrate spatio-temporal crime, social media and field observation data from the communities in all the six states in the southwest to develop crime hotspots that can serve as preliminary information to assist in allocating resources for crime control and prevention. Historical crime data from January 1972 to April, 2021 were compiled and updated with rigorous field survey in September, 2021. The field data were encoded, input to the SPSS 17 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. A total 936 crime locations data were geolocated and exported to ArcGIS 10.5 for spatial mapping using point map operation and further imported to e-Spatial web-based and QGIS for the generation of hotspot map using heatmap tool. The results revealed that armed robbery, assassination and cultism were more pronounced in Lagos and Ogun States. Similarly, high incidences of farmers/herdsmen conflicts are observed in Oyo and Osun States. Increasing incidences of kidnapping are common in all the south-western states but very prominent in Ondo, Lagos and Oyo States. Most of the violent crime incidents took place along the highways, with forests being their hideouts. Violent crimes are dominantly caused by high rate of unemployment while farmer/herdsmen conflicts were majorly triggered by the scarcity of grazing fields and destruction of arable crops. The conflicts have resulted in the increasing cases of rape and disruption of social group, intake of hard drugs, cult-related activities, low income and revenue generation, and displacement of farmers and infrastructural damages. The study advocates regular retraining and equipping of security agents, establishment of cattle ranch, and installation of sophisticated IP Camera at the crime hotspots to assist in real-time crime monitoring and management.
文摘The study examines the Spatial Pattern and Distribution of Crime in Suleja LGA, Niger State, Nigeria. The study used GIS and statistical methods to analyse the pattern and distribution of crime incidence in the study area. The records of each crime incidence were geocoded. Microsoft Excel was used to collate and organise the crime entries before they were imported into the ArcGIS Pro 2.0 environment. A geodatabase was created where the spatial and aspatial data were encoded and geospatial analysis was performed. The study reveals that the crime distribution pattern is generally clustered with a Global Moran’s I index of 0.097, a Z-score of 1.87, and a P-value < 0.06. Furthermore, the study reveals that armed robbery (61), kidnapping (40), car theft (33), culpable homicide (31), rape (29), and robbery (13) cases rank the highest in crime rate. Equally, findings of the study show that Chaza, Kwamba, Madalla, Suleja central, and Gaboda are the major crime hotspot zones at 90% confidence, as analysed using the Getis-Ord Gi* (Hot spot analysis) spatial statistics tool in ArcGIS Pro 2.0. The research therefore recommends that more effort be put into fighting crime, especially in areas where there are low-security formations, as they mostly have the highest record of crimes committed. Also, the patrol units should be equipped with GPS for better surveillance and real-time tracking of criminal activities.
文摘This paper first examines crime situation in Benin metropolis using questionnaire to elicit information from the public and the police. Result shows that crime is on the rise and that the police are handicapped in managing it because of the obsolete methods and resources at their disposal. It also reveals that members of the public have no confidence in the police force as 80% do not report cases for fear of exposure to the informant to the criminal. In the light of these situations, the second part of the paper looks at the possibility of utilizing GIS for effective management of crime in Nigeria. This option was explored by showing the procedural method of creating 1) digital landuse map showing the crime locations, 2) crime geo-spatial database, and 3) spatial analysis such as query and buffering using ILWIS and ArcGIS software and GPS. The result of buffering analysis shows crime hotspots, areas deficient in security outfit, areas of overlap and areas requiring constant police patrol. The study proves that GIS can give a better synoptic perspective to crime study, analysis, mapping, proactive decision making and prevention of crime. It however suggests that migrating from traditional method of crime management to GIS demands capacity building in the area of personnel, laboratory and facilities backed up with policy statement.
文摘基于道路交通网络的热点分析可以获取犯罪热点道路,从而为公安巡控、警务资源优化提供指导性意见。以等距路段为最小研究单元,采用等距路段热点研究方法识别分析北京市西城区2016年盗窃犯罪在道路交通网络上的分布情况。对于空间兴趣点(points of interest, POI)的10类源数据,采用主成分分析方法实现降维,通过多元线性回归对提取出的两类主成分因子进行犯罪影响因素解释。研究发现:北京市西城区盗窃犯罪在空间分布上呈高度聚集态势,少量路段聚集了大量犯罪;热点路段大都集中在人员流动性大、交通便利等地区;较不等距路段犯罪热点分析方法而言,等距路段犯罪热点分析方法可以更精准地实现热点路段的识别;提取两个主成分分别是与居民日常生活类和与居民精神文化类,与居民日常生活较多的区域对犯罪的发生呈正相关作用,与居民精神文化相关的区域对犯罪的发生呈反相关作用。研究结果可以为一线执法机关的警务资源分布优化、维护社会稳定提供安全防范依据。
文摘近年来信息科技迅猛发展,地理建构空间资料不断累积。本研究藉由大数据数据的搜集及地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)的犯罪制图与空间分析(Spatial Analysis)技术,结合台湾新北市2007年至2016年毒品犯罪查获案件纪录,加以整合分析其犯罪热区与分布特性。将毒品查获犯罪点以空间单元每一区的"里"进行地理分区,以分析毒品犯罪时空分布特性,掌握毒品犯罪在不同时空的群聚、扩散、转移等趋势。并利用犯罪制图绘制呈现空间群聚相关分析与结论,为警政机关研究制定查缉毒品之策略提供参考建议,同时应用于基层警察勤务规划与侦查部署,提高勤务绩效,以有效遏阻毒品犯罪者之意图及彻底断绝毒品供给之行为。
