The comparative study of technogenic ^(90)Sr behavior features in Crimea lakes’ ecosystems with different levels of salinity was carried out in 2016-2021.Two sources of ^(90)Sr input were identified for all the studi...The comparative study of technogenic ^(90)Sr behavior features in Crimea lakes’ ecosystems with different levels of salinity was carried out in 2016-2021.Two sources of ^(90)Sr input were identified for all the studied lakes:the primary source concerned with atmospheric fallout immediately after the Chernobyl NPP accident and the secondary long-term input of this radionuclide by waterway.The half-life of the ^(90)Sr concentration in the water of the hypers aline Lake Sasyk-Sivash was estimated to vary from 0.8 to 1.1 years after the closure of the North Crimean Canal(NCC).Biogeochemical processes in the lake under the absence of the secondary source of the radionuclide input were shown to decrease in the ^(90)Sr residence time in the water column by 131 times.For brackish water bodies,a significant factor influencing the radionuclide concentration in ecosystems of lakes was the pH of their water,while for hypers aline lakes the level of water salinity was the main factor determining ^(90)Sr behavior.The concentration of ^(90)Sr in bottom sediments of studied lakes depended mainly on this radionuclide concentration in a water environment.Calculated ^(90)Sr distribution factors(Kd) for studied lakes’ bottom sediments varied in a range of n·10^(0)÷n·10^(2) for hypersaline lakes and of n·10^(1)÷n·10^(2) for lakes with brackish waters.Due to the closure of the NCC,the ^(90)Sr redistribution took place in lake ecosystems only under the geochemical processes within the water bodies themselves.The results obtained in this work are of particular importance as a starting point or a basis for further radioecological studies of the Crimean inland waters after the reopening of the NCC and the Dnieper waters re-entering the territory of Crimea in 2022after the 8 years of their absence.展开更多
1 Introduction A presence of resting stages in various aquatic organisms is a long-known phenomenon as a mechanism of species adaptation to exist in unstable aquatic habitats,surviving adverse conditions in the"s...1 Introduction A presence of resting stages in various aquatic organisms is a long-known phenomenon as a mechanism of species adaptation to exist in unstable aquatic habitats,surviving adverse conditions in the"sleeping"state(Radzikowski,2013).Bank of resting stages of planktonic organisms is an important component of the plankton community,without which we cannot understand community dynamics(Brendonck and De Meester,2003).展开更多
Based on numerous geological data obtained by the authors for several decades, the stratification of Permian and Carboniferous ancient and exotic blocks of Crimean Mountains is performed. The sequence of geological ev...Based on numerous geological data obtained by the authors for several decades, the stratification of Permian and Carboniferous ancient and exotic blocks of Crimean Mountains is performed. The sequence of geological events that cause their origin is revealed. Carnian-Norian, Rhaetian-Hettangian and Early-Pliensbachian phases of collapse, sliding and burial of Paleozoic blocks are specified. Final stage (block re-deposition) is confined to the Toarcian and Aalenian ages. The data obtained allow re-interpreting the origin of ancient exotic blocks of the Crimea.展开更多
1 Introduction It is known that more than 300 lakes and lagoons are present in the Crimean Peninsula,which are divided depending on position to 7 groups:Perekop,Tarkhankut,Evpatoriyskaya,Khersonesskaya,lake on the mou...1 Introduction It is known that more than 300 lakes and lagoons are present in the Crimean Peninsula,which are divided depending on position to 7 groups:Perekop,Tarkhankut,Evpatoriyskaya,Khersonesskaya,lake on the mountainpastures,Kerch and Genicheskaya.Almost the all lakes,with the exception of the small freshwater lakes,which situated on mountain pastures of the Main ridge of展开更多
1 Introduction The salt lakes of the Crimea contain the practically inexhaustible sources of salts of sodium,magnesium,bromine and other chemical elements(Ponizovskii,1965),being the potential powerful raw materials b...1 Introduction The salt lakes of the Crimea contain the practically inexhaustible sources of salts of sodium,magnesium,bromine and other chemical elements(Ponizovskii,1965),being the potential powerful raw materials base for the展开更多
A pool of dormant stages of planktonic organisms in saline lakes is a substantial component in the plankton communities;we need to take it into account to understand plankton dynamics.Hypersaline water bodies in Crime...A pool of dormant stages of planktonic organisms in saline lakes is a substantial component in the plankton communities;we need to take it into account to understand plankton dynamics.Hypersaline water bodies in Crimea,the largest peninsula in the Black Sea,constitute a very characteristic and peculiar habitat type in the region.We examined the presence of crustacean resting stages in sediments of dried up sites of the Crimean hypersaline lakes.Sediment samples were taken in 9 different lakes.Experiments performed on the hatching of these resting stages showed the presence of Moina salina(Cladocera),parthenogenetic Artemia and Artemia urmiana(Anostraca),Eucypris mareotica( inflata)(Ostracoda),and Cletocamptus retrogressus(Harpacticoida).Comparing the experimental results obtained with clean dried brine shrimp cysts and those kept in sediment samples,it was noted that clean cysts hatched much faster than those from sediments did.Some components in bottom sediments slow down and desynchronize hatching from resting eggs in different groups of crustaceans.The sediments of different lakes inhibited the nauplii output from Artemia and ostracod resting eggs to different degrees.More data are needed before we can discuss the reasons of this inhibition.The nonsynchronous output of active stages from the bottom resting ones may be an adaptation that allows crustacean species to exist in extreme and unpredictably changing environments,avoiding the risk that all may emerge at once under unsuitable conditions.展开更多
90 Sr concentrations,resulting from the Chernobyl NPP accident,were determined in the salt lakes of the Crimea(Lakes Kiyatskoe,Kirleutskoe,Kizil-Yar,Bakalskoe and Donuzlav),together with the redistribution between the...90 Sr concentrations,resulting from the Chernobyl NPP accident,were determined in the salt lakes of the Crimea(Lakes Kiyatskoe,Kirleutskoe,Kizil-Yar,Bakalskoe and Donuzlav),together with the redistribution between the components of the ecosystems.The content of mercury in the waters of the studied reservoirs was also established.Vertical distributions of natural radionuclide activities( 238 U,232 Th,226 Ra,210 Pb,40 K) and anthropogenic 137 Cs concentrations(as radiotracers) were determined in the bottom sediments of the Koyashskoe salt lake(located in the south-eastern Crimea) to evaluate the longterm dynamics and biogeochemical processes.Radiochemical and chemical analysis was undertaken and radiotracer and statistical methods were applied to the analytical data.The highest concentrations of 90 Sr in the water of Lake Kiyatskoe(350.5 and 98.0 Bq/m 3) and Lake Kirleutskoe(121.3 Bq/m 3) were due to the discharge of the Dnieper water from the North-Crimean Canal.The high content of mercury in Lake Kiyatskoe(363.2 ng/L) and in seawater near Lake Kizil-Yar(364 ng/L) exceeded the maximum permissible concentration(3.5 times the maximum).Natural radionuclides provide the main contribution to the total radioactivity(artificial and natural combined) in the bottom sediments of Lake Koyashskoe.The significant concentration of 210 Pb in the upper layer of bottom sediments of the lake indicates an active inflow of its parent radionuclide—gaseous 222 Rn from the lower layers of the bottom sediment.The average sedimentation rates in Lake Koyashskoe,determined using 210 Pb and 137 Cs data,were 0.117 and 0.109 cm per year,respectively.展开更多
基金Scientific research on salt and brackish water lakes was supported by the Russian Science Foundation,with grant No.18-16-00001Development of biological and geochemical foundations for the development of aquaculture in hypersaline lakes and lagoons of Crimea,2021-2022Comparative studies on the Black Sea were carried out within the framework of the State Assignment for the IBSS,Molismological and biogeochemical foundations of the homeostasis of marine ecosystems,with State registration number of the state assignment 121031500515-8。
文摘The comparative study of technogenic ^(90)Sr behavior features in Crimea lakes’ ecosystems with different levels of salinity was carried out in 2016-2021.Two sources of ^(90)Sr input were identified for all the studied lakes:the primary source concerned with atmospheric fallout immediately after the Chernobyl NPP accident and the secondary long-term input of this radionuclide by waterway.The half-life of the ^(90)Sr concentration in the water of the hypers aline Lake Sasyk-Sivash was estimated to vary from 0.8 to 1.1 years after the closure of the North Crimean Canal(NCC).Biogeochemical processes in the lake under the absence of the secondary source of the radionuclide input were shown to decrease in the ^(90)Sr residence time in the water column by 131 times.For brackish water bodies,a significant factor influencing the radionuclide concentration in ecosystems of lakes was the pH of their water,while for hypers aline lakes the level of water salinity was the main factor determining ^(90)Sr behavior.The concentration of ^(90)Sr in bottom sediments of studied lakes depended mainly on this radionuclide concentration in a water environment.Calculated ^(90)Sr distribution factors(Kd) for studied lakes’ bottom sediments varied in a range of n·10^(0)÷n·10^(2) for hypersaline lakes and of n·10^(1)÷n·10^(2) for lakes with brackish waters.Due to the closure of the NCC,the ^(90)Sr redistribution took place in lake ecosystems only under the geochemical processes within the water bodies themselves.The results obtained in this work are of particular importance as a starting point or a basis for further radioecological studies of the Crimean inland waters after the reopening of the NCC and the Dnieper waters re-entering the territory of Crimea in 2022after the 8 years of their absence.
文摘1 Introduction A presence of resting stages in various aquatic organisms is a long-known phenomenon as a mechanism of species adaptation to exist in unstable aquatic habitats,surviving adverse conditions in the"sleeping"state(Radzikowski,2013).Bank of resting stages of planktonic organisms is an important component of the plankton community,without which we cannot understand community dynamics(Brendonck and De Meester,2003).
文摘Based on numerous geological data obtained by the authors for several decades, the stratification of Permian and Carboniferous ancient and exotic blocks of Crimean Mountains is performed. The sequence of geological events that cause their origin is revealed. Carnian-Norian, Rhaetian-Hettangian and Early-Pliensbachian phases of collapse, sliding and burial of Paleozoic blocks are specified. Final stage (block re-deposition) is confined to the Toarcian and Aalenian ages. The data obtained allow re-interpreting the origin of ancient exotic blocks of the Crimea.
文摘1 Introduction It is known that more than 300 lakes and lagoons are present in the Crimean Peninsula,which are divided depending on position to 7 groups:Perekop,Tarkhankut,Evpatoriyskaya,Khersonesskaya,lake on the mountainpastures,Kerch and Genicheskaya.Almost the all lakes,with the exception of the small freshwater lakes,which situated on mountain pastures of the Main ridge of
文摘1 Introduction The salt lakes of the Crimea contain the practically inexhaustible sources of salts of sodium,magnesium,bromine and other chemical elements(Ponizovskii,1965),being the potential powerful raw materials base for the
文摘A pool of dormant stages of planktonic organisms in saline lakes is a substantial component in the plankton communities;we need to take it into account to understand plankton dynamics.Hypersaline water bodies in Crimea,the largest peninsula in the Black Sea,constitute a very characteristic and peculiar habitat type in the region.We examined the presence of crustacean resting stages in sediments of dried up sites of the Crimean hypersaline lakes.Sediment samples were taken in 9 different lakes.Experiments performed on the hatching of these resting stages showed the presence of Moina salina(Cladocera),parthenogenetic Artemia and Artemia urmiana(Anostraca),Eucypris mareotica( inflata)(Ostracoda),and Cletocamptus retrogressus(Harpacticoida).Comparing the experimental results obtained with clean dried brine shrimp cysts and those kept in sediment samples,it was noted that clean cysts hatched much faster than those from sediments did.Some components in bottom sediments slow down and desynchronize hatching from resting eggs in different groups of crustaceans.The sediments of different lakes inhibited the nauplii output from Artemia and ostracod resting eggs to different degrees.More data are needed before we can discuss the reasons of this inhibition.The nonsynchronous output of active stages from the bottom resting ones may be an adaptation that allows crustacean species to exist in extreme and unpredictably changing environments,avoiding the risk that all may emerge at once under unsuitable conditions.
文摘90 Sr concentrations,resulting from the Chernobyl NPP accident,were determined in the salt lakes of the Crimea(Lakes Kiyatskoe,Kirleutskoe,Kizil-Yar,Bakalskoe and Donuzlav),together with the redistribution between the components of the ecosystems.The content of mercury in the waters of the studied reservoirs was also established.Vertical distributions of natural radionuclide activities( 238 U,232 Th,226 Ra,210 Pb,40 K) and anthropogenic 137 Cs concentrations(as radiotracers) were determined in the bottom sediments of the Koyashskoe salt lake(located in the south-eastern Crimea) to evaluate the longterm dynamics and biogeochemical processes.Radiochemical and chemical analysis was undertaken and radiotracer and statistical methods were applied to the analytical data.The highest concentrations of 90 Sr in the water of Lake Kiyatskoe(350.5 and 98.0 Bq/m 3) and Lake Kirleutskoe(121.3 Bq/m 3) were due to the discharge of the Dnieper water from the North-Crimean Canal.The high content of mercury in Lake Kiyatskoe(363.2 ng/L) and in seawater near Lake Kizil-Yar(364 ng/L) exceeded the maximum permissible concentration(3.5 times the maximum).Natural radionuclides provide the main contribution to the total radioactivity(artificial and natural combined) in the bottom sediments of Lake Koyashskoe.The significant concentration of 210 Pb in the upper layer of bottom sediments of the lake indicates an active inflow of its parent radionuclide—gaseous 222 Rn from the lower layers of the bottom sediment.The average sedimentation rates in Lake Koyashskoe,determined using 210 Pb and 137 Cs data,were 0.117 and 0.109 cm per year,respectively.