Effect of educational intervention on attitudes toward the concept of criminal responsibility

AIM To evaluate the effect of educational intervention on individuals' knowledge of and attitudes toward forensic mental health.METHODS We conducted a questionnaire regarding attitudes toward various ideas about forensic mental health. The respondents attended a 1-h seminar regarding forensic mental health after answering the questionnaire. On completion of the seminar, the respondents answered another questionnaire containing many of the same questions as contained in the pre-seminar questionnaire.RESULTS A total of 86 individuals attended the seminar, and 78 responded to the questionnaire. Only 13(18.8%) participants were supportive of the concept of criminal responsibility initially, and there was a statistically significant increase in those who became more supportive after the seminar, with 22(33%) being supportive after the seminar(Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that participants who were skeptical about forensic mental systems and those with fewer opportunities to see media reports regarding psychiatry were likely to become supportive of criminal responsibility after the intervention.CONCLUSION These results suggest that public attitudes toward criminal responsibility and mental health can be influenced via educational interventions.

Bio-Inspired Optimal Dispatching of Wind Power Consumption Considering Multi-Time Scale Demand Response and High-Energy Load Participation

Bio-inspired computer modelling brings solutions fromthe living phenomena or biological systems to engineering domains.To overcome the obstruction problem of large-scale wind power consumption in Northwest China,this paper constructs a bio-inspired computer model.It is an optimal wind power consumption dispatching model of multi-time scale demand response that takes into account the involved high-energy load.First,the principle of wind power obstruction with the involvement of a high-energy load is examined in this work.In this step,highenergy load model with different regulation characteristics is established.Then,considering the multi-time scale characteristics of high-energy load and other demand-side resources response speed,a multi-time scale model of coordination optimization is built.An improved bio-inspired model incorporating particle swarm optimization is applied to minimize system operation and wind curtailment costs,as well as to find the most optimal energy configurationwithin the system.Lastly,we take an example of regional power grid in Gansu Province for simulation analysis.Results demonstrate that the suggested scheduling strategy can significantly enhance the wind power consumption level and minimize the system’s operational cost.

Multi-Time Scale Operation and Simulation Strategy of the Park Based on Model Predictive Control

Due to the impact of source-load prediction power errors and uncertainties,the actual operation of the park will have a wide range of fluctuations compared with the expected state,resulting in its inability to achieve the expected economy.This paper constructs an operating simulation model of the park power grid operation considering demand response and proposes a multi-time scale operating simulation method that combines day-ahead optimization and model predictive control(MPC).In the day-ahead stage,an operating simulation plan that comprehensively considers the user’s side comfort and operating costs is proposed with a long-term time scale of 15 min.In order to cope with power fluctuations of photovoltaic,wind turbine and conventional load,MPC is used to track and roll correct the day-ahead operating simulation plan in the intra-day stage to meet the actual operating operation status of the park.Finally,the validity and economy of the operating simulation strategy are verified through the analysis of arithmetic examples.

Development and Initial Validation of the Personal and Social Responsibility Scale in Physical Education Settings

This study aims to develop a valid instrument measuring personal and social responsibility in physical education settings that is suitable for Chinese high school students age 14 and above.This instrument consists of eight aspects,which builds upon the levels of responsibility in Hellison’s(2011)[9]Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model(TPSR).The eight aspects in the measurement include goal,responsibility,respecting the rights and feelings of others,participation and effort,self-direction,caring,and value.The validation of the measurement was conducted based on the responses from 1091 high school students in Macao,China.The convergent and discriminant validity tests and a maximum likelihood confirmation factor analysis were performed using AMOS 21.The Bollen-Stine bootstrapping model was applied to adjust nonnormality data.Results supported a good validity and reliability of the items in the instrument.

Responses of Tree Species to Climate Warming at Different Spatial Scales

Tree species respond to climate change at multiple scales,such as species physiological response at fine scale and species distribution (quantified by percent area) at broader spatial scale.At a given spatial scale,species physiological response and distribution can be correlated positively or negatively.The consistency of such correlation relationships at different spatial scales determines whether species responses derived from local scales can be extrapo-lated to broader spatial scales.In this study,we used a coupled modeling approach that coupled a plot-level ecosystem process model (LINKAGES) with a spatially explicit landscape model (LANDIS).We investigated species physio-logical responses and distribution responses to climate warming at the local,zonal and landscape scales respectively,and examined how species physiological response and distribution correlated at each corresponding scale and whether the correlations were consistent among these scales.The results indicate that for zonal and warming-sensitive species,the correlations between species physiological response and distribution are consistent at these spatial scales,and therefore the research results of vegetation response to climate warming at the local scale can be extrapolated to the zonal and landscape scales.By contrast,for zonal and warming-insensitive species the correlations among different spatial scales are consistent at some spatial scales but at other scales.The results also suggest that the results of azonal species at the local scale near their distribution boundaries can not be extrapolated simply to broader scales due to stronger responses to climate warming in those boundary regions.

Drought Response to Air Temperature Change over China on the Centennial Scale

Climate data from the Climatic Research Unit （CRU） for the period 1901-2013 are used to investigate the drought response to air temperature change over China on the centennial scale. Drought is observed to have increased evidently across China, except for some regions in eastern China. This increase is much stronger in northern China compared to southern China, especially in Northwest and North China. These change characteris- tics of drought are closely associated with air temperature change, with the severe droughts in the major drought episodes of the last century generally coinciding with higher temperatures. The significantly increasing trend of drought in China based on observations only appears when considering the effects of air temperature change, which can explain -49% of droughts in observations and 30%-65% of droughts in Coupled Model Intereomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） model simulations. Furthermore, the response of drought to air temperature change generally increases as the drought time scale increases. Furthermore, drought shows relatively high sensitivity in spring and early summer in China on the centennial scale.

EXISTENCE OF PERIODIC SOLUTIONS TO A SYSTEM WITH FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE ON TIME SCALES

This paper investigates the existence of periodic solutions of a three-species food-chain diffusive system with Beddington-DeAngelis functional responses and time delays in a two-patch environment on time scales. By using a continuation theorem based on coincidence degree theory, we obtain sufficient criteria for the existence of periodic solutions for the system. Moreover, when the time scale T is chosen as R or Z, the existence of the periodic solutions of the corresponding continuous and discrete models follows. Therefore, the method is unified to provide the existence of the desired solutions for continuous differential equations and discrete difference equations.

Optimization Scale Pasteurization of Baobab Juice Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

The Adansonia digitate L. known as Baobab is the only species present in West Africa and grows wild. All parts of the plant are used by humans. In Senegal, baobab pulp is widely consumed;it is used as raw material in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) for making juices, concentrates, jams, powder. Drinks or juices from baobab are highly appreciated by consumers;however rapid fermentation can happen even after pasteurization that can shorten their shelf-life. A Doehlert experimental design was used to find a good scale of heat treatment ensuring a proper conservation of baobab juice. Results of the experimental design showed that a heat treatment of 80&deg;C for 10 min gives a baobab juice with good sanitary quality that meets the international standards.

Integrated systemic inflammatory response syndrome epidemic model in scale-free networks

Based on the scale-free network, an integrated systemic inflammatory response syndrome model with artificial immunity, a feedback mechanism, crowd density and the moving activities of an individual can be built. The effects of these factors on the spreading process are investigated through the model. The research results show that the artificial immunity can reduce the stable infection ratio and enhance the spreading threshold of the system. The feedback mechanism can only reduce the stable infection ratio of system, but cannot affect the spreading threshold of the system. The bigger the crowd density is, the higher the infection ratio of the system is and the smaller the spreading threshold is. In addition, the simulations show that the individual movement can enhance the stable infection ratio of the system only under the condition that the spreading rate is high, however, individual movement will reduce the stable infection ratio of the system.

Experimental and simulation studies on similitude design method for shock responses of beam-plate coupled structure

The similitude theory helps to understand the physical behaviors of large structures through scaled models. Several papers have studied the similitude of shock issues. However, the dynamic similitude for shock responses of coupled structures is rarely incorporated in open studies. In this paper, scaling laws are derived for the shock responses and spectra of coupled structures. In the presented scaling laws, the geometric distortion and energy loss are considered. The ability of the proposed scaling laws is demonstrated in the simulation and experimental cases. In both cases, the similitude prediction for the prototype's time-domain waveform and spectrum is conducted with the scaled model and scaling laws. The simulation and experimental cases indicate that the predicted shock responses and spectra agree well with those of the prototype, which verifies the proposed scaling laws for predicting shock responses.

计及多重需求响应的综合能源系统多时间尺度低碳运行

为挖掘需求侧资源响应潜力,文中提出一种计及多重需求响应的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)多时间尺度低碳调度策略。首先,考虑到需求侧资源在不同时间尺度下的响应差异性,建立计及价格型和激励型的多重综合需求响应(integrated demand response,IDR)模型。然后,为减少源、荷预测误差对IES运行的影响,分别构建日前低碳经济调度模型和日内双时间尺度滚动优化平抑模型。最后,算例仿真设置不同场景进行对比分析。结果表明,相比传统IDR,多重IDR能有效挖掘用户响应潜力,提升系统经济性。此外,计及多重IDR的多时间尺度调度策略能有效缓解源、荷误差带来的功率波动并降低系统碳排放量,实现IES低碳、经济和稳定运行。

ChatGPT类生成式人工智能产品提供者之刑事责任

ChatGPT类生成式人工智能产品数据处理不可控,提供者刑事责任不明确,将会引发刑事治理难题。在产品投入流通时,如果ChatGPT类生成式人工智能产品符合国家标准、行业标准,并不存在当前科学技术水平能够发现的缺陷,一般不宜追究产品提供者的刑事责任;在产品投入流通后,产品提供者应承担适度的安全管理义务。违反安全管理义务,有可能承担刑事责任。有限度追究产品提供者的刑事责任,既符合网络领域积极主义刑法观的趋势,也有利于实现鼓励科技创新和防范产品风险之间的平衡,还符合社会公众的期待。提倡“全面性考察”方案,用以限制产品提供者成立帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的范围。在具体贯彻“全面性考察”方案时,可以“超过半数规则”作为产品提供者主观“明知”的认定标准。

中国式刑事证明结构:分段包干与选择性接力

1979年颁行的《刑事诉讼法》确立了我国分段包干与选择性接力的证明结构。它既体现在侦诉审关系中,也体现在上下审关系中。在这一结构中,公检法在各自主导的诉讼阶段只有调查程序和方式的差异,并无查证责任和目标的差异。后端办案机关有接力查证的责任。接力者具有依照法定证明标准选择是否接力的判断权,也有选择接力主体、范围和方法的裁量权。《刑事诉讼法》虽然历经多次修改,但均朝着优化结构的方向前行。我国刑事证明结构具有如下鲜明特色:一是事实认定权力的去中心主义,二是专门机关查证责任的同质化,三是查证范围认定权的单元化,四是“调查”真相演变为“接着查”真相,五是作为查明真相协助者的辩方。

企业重罪合规改革的理论基础与制度建构

企业重罪合规改革在刑法上面临的主要争议是正当化事由尚不明晰,以及是否违反罪刑法定、罪责刑相适应等刑法的基本原则。应当肯定的是,企业重罪合规改革具有充分的理论基础与重要的现实意义。在改革过程中,重罪合规应当划分为事前重罪合规与事后重罪合规两个方向。在组织体责任模式下,企业在事前制定有效的合规计划,并有效落实合规计划可以排除单位责任;企业事后合规义务的履行可以熔断企业刑事责任,进而带来刑罚上的从宽处罚,并解决罪责刑不相适应的问题。为了能够使企业合规改革在遵循罪刑法定原则的前提下得到充分落实,立法机关应当对《刑法》第30条、第31条以及分则有关条款进行修正,并由司法机关制定关于企业合规有效性的司法解释,以确保其在实践中的应用。

考虑谐波严重程度的长时间尺度谐波责任划分方法

针对现有谐波责任划分方法未考虑不同谐波严重程度下责任所造成的实际影响差异,提出一种考虑谐波严重程度的长时间尺度谐波责任划分方法。考虑谐波数值分布与变化趋势两方面因素划分工况,并计算各工况综合权重量化谐波严重程度;基于典型相关性分析原理筛选长时间尺度数据,并根据谐波责任定义式估算谐波责任;结合上述综合权重获取长时间尺度综合谐波责任划分指标;采用仿真算例与实测数据进行验证,与传统方法相比,所提方法可反映各谐波源在长时间尺度下不同次数谐波造成的累计影响,更适用于谐波精准治理与公平奖惩工作。

最低刑龄制度应对未成年人犯罪的困境与出路——由“邯郸13岁男孩被害案”引发的思考

2024年3月10日河北省邯郸市发生一起3名未满14周岁的未成年人故意杀人案件,引发了社会各界的广泛关注和强烈反响。舆论焦点从传统的“未龄不责”,逐渐转向了“低龄轻责”和“未龄免死”等问题。对舆论意见体现出的在最低刑龄制度应对未成年人犯罪时存在的价值冲突,需要在理论层面进行深入探讨,也需要考虑我国特有的历史文化传统。在理论层面,首先,刑事责任年龄的设定是一种对身份的法律拟制,必然引发同一性和差异性的矛盾;其次,公众对于“未龄轻责”和“未龄免死”的不满,很大程度上源于报应心理。然而,报应主义与未成年人特殊保护原则之间存在着天然的矛盾。此外,网络舆论导向的修法可能会引发刑法谦抑性危机。如何通过制度设计来维持刑罚量配置的均衡,以保证刑法的谦抑性,即是刑事责任年龄制度所面临的难题。在我国历史上,“恤幼”思想源远流长,影响着我国古代的立法,即使在重刑时代,其也优先于报应主义的思想。在制度设计上,从汉代开始,我国古代传统法中对刑事责任年龄的规定就体现出了相对弹性的模式,这种立法模式能够在一定程度上弥补法律拟制的缺陷。此外,自唐代起开始适用的“列举罪名+划定法定刑”罪行分级模式具有体系化和精确化的优势,也能够为最低刑龄制度的完善方向提供参考。从实践层面看,构建最低刑龄制度的路径可以从以下几个方面展开:第一,需要从过于刚性的“唯年龄论”转变为更加相对弹性的立法模式,以弥补法律拟制所导致的立法空缺。第二,现在立法中存在对相似案件处罚不均衡的情况,对此,应当缩小因年龄差异而导致的处罚差距,尽可能确保罪罚均衡。同时,还应当坚定对未成年人特殊保护的立场,放宽对未成年人减刑的限制,进一步完善专门矫治教育制度,与刑法形成良好的衔接。第三,采用系统化的罪行分级方式,以法定最高刑为罪行分级的界限标准,建立更为严密的法网,防止处罚范围的过度扩张。

最低刑事责任年龄条款的理论表述和司法展开

《刑法》第十七条第三款是特殊的例外处罚规定,这是阐明实体内涵与设计程序应坚守的立法原意。在刑法解释限度上,一般应遵从具体罪名的限制解释而非具体行为的扩张解释;“致人死亡”属于提示性规定,强调是最严重的罪行,“以特别残忍手段致人重伤造成严重残疾”亦是提示性的处罚规定,与前者具有同质性;“情节恶劣”不是具体标准而是整体标准,亦非对犯罪构成的“再强化”,应综合性、类型化地归结“情节恶劣”的判断与识别规则。第十七条第三款设定了特别的核准追诉程序,应当配备前置的侦查程序以及移送程序,检察机关在逐级报请程序内宜采取形式审查,并辅以“申请式”刑事责任能力鉴定程序。鉴于最高人民检察院核准追诉程序的相对封闭性与书面化等,应当设置“诉讼化”的听证程序,强化以“复核”为核心的救济程序,确保程序分流的正当与合法。

空间异形拱桥振动台试验设计

振动台试验是研究大型结构复杂动力特性和地震响应的有效手段,由于振动台尺寸和载重的限制,合理设计缩尺模型结构是振动台试验成功的关键。基于量纲相似法及弹性相似律,取1∶20的几何相似比,以某空间异形拱桥为原型,开展了其关键参数动力缩尺模型设计。首先,通过有限元数值分析,分析了动力作用下原桥模型与缩尺桥模型的动力特性、关键部位内力与位移等响应,以验证缩尺模型的合理性;并在选取合理地震动作用下,开展了结构时程响应分析。研究结果表明:缩尺模型桥与原型桥前10阶模态完全吻合且频率误差小于7%,关键截面内力、位移和加速度等响应误差未超过10%,缩尺模型桥可较好地反映原桥动力特性和响应特点。研究成果可为空间异形拱桥振动台抗震设计提供技术支撑并为同类桥梁振动台试验提供参考。

基于扎根理论的员工责任式创新量表开发与验证研究

作为一种新兴创新模式,责任式创新为减少科技创新带来的负面影响提供了新思路。但现有研究对员工责任式创新的概念结构尚未达成统一界定,且缺乏科学明确的测量工具。文章遵循扎根理论分析逻辑,通过半结构化访谈、问卷调查和实证分析等方法,利用NVivo 12、Mplus 8.3等软件,探究了员工责任式创新的概念结构并开发对应量表。结果表明员工责任式创新包含“伦理合规性创新”和“社会需求性创新”两个维度,所开发的包括8个题项的员工责任式创新量表具有较好的信度和效度。同时,在检验员工责任式创新的效标关联效度过程中,发现员工亲社会动机、主动担责角色定义显著正向预测责任式创新,员工道德推脱、领导亲组织非伦理行为显著负向预测员工责任式创新。研究结论丰富了员工责任式创新的概念内涵,可以为责任式创新的相关研究提供有效的测量工具,给责任式创新的管理实践提供参考。

规则波浪中圆筒型浮式生产储装置参数激励非线性响应研究

目前常见的提升圆筒型浮式生产储装置(Floating production storage and offloading vessels,FPSO)垂荡性能的方法是通过增加刚度使垂荡固有周期增大到20 s以上,远离常见波浪周期,但这使得垂荡固有周期与纵摇固有周期的比值接近1∶2,可能会导致参数激励现象的发生。因此本文针对此类圆筒型FPSO系统的参数激励非线性运动展开研究。考虑规则波建立了系统单自由度参数激励纵摇方程,本文中采用多尺度法求解运动方程的一次近似解析解,基于Lyapunov定理分析解的稳定性,以分析规则参数激励下圆筒型FPSO纵摇失稳的机理。最后,结合多尺度法与数值方法进行参数敏感性分析。结果表明,使参数激励周期与纵摇固有周期的比值远离1/2、降低参数激励幅值和增大纵摇阻尼的3种方式均能够有效避免大幅参数激励的发生。