This study explores the integration of predictive analytics in strategic corporate communications, with a specific focus on stakeholder engagement and crisis management. Our mixed-methods approach, which combines a co...This study explores the integration of predictive analytics in strategic corporate communications, with a specific focus on stakeholder engagement and crisis management. Our mixed-methods approach, which combines a comprehensive literature review with case studies of five multinational corporations, allows us to investigate the applications, challenges, and ethical implications of leveraging predictive models in communication strategies. While our findings reveal significant potential for enhancing personalized content delivery, real-time sentiment analysis, and proactive crisis management, we stress the need for careful consideration of challenges such as data privacy concerns and algorithmic bias. This emphasis on ethical implementation is crucial in navigating the complex landscape of predictive analytics in corporate communications. To address these issues, we propose a framework that prioritizes ethical considerations. Furthermore, we identify key areas for future research, thereby contributing to the evolving field of data-driven communication management.展开更多
The Taiwan Question China discussed in this paper belongs to the theoretical crisis discussion on international relations and does not regard the Cross-Strait relations as relations between different countries.The out...The Taiwan Question China discussed in this paper belongs to the theoretical crisis discussion on international relations and does not regard the Cross-Strait relations as relations between different countries.The outcome of the 2024 Taiwan Election has a great impact on the Taiwan question,the latest poll shows that the possibility of the Democratic Progressive Party(DPP)candidate to come to power is still very high,because its political evolution trend of Taiwan independence still exists.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how assessment of seismic vulnerability can be effective in protection against earthquakes.Findings are reported from a case study in a densely populated urban area near a...The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how assessment of seismic vulnerability can be effective in protection against earthquakes.Findings are reported from a case study in a densely populated urban area near an active fault,utilizing practical methods and exact engineering data.Vulnerability factors were determined due to technical considerations,and a field campaign was performed to collect the required data.Multi-criteria decision making was carried out by means of an analytical hierarchy process including a fuzzy standardization.Earthquake scenarios were applied through an implicit vulnerability model.GIS was utilized and the results were analyzed by classifying the state of vulnerability in levels as very low,low,moderate,high,and very high.Seismic resilience was evaluated as vulnerabilities below the moderate state,being about 40% in an intensity of 6 Mercalli and less than 10% in 10 Mercalli.It is concluded that seismic resilience in the area studied is not acceptable,the area is vulnerable in the expected scenarios,and due to the high seismicity of the region,proper crisis management planning is required in parallel with attempts toward retrofitting.In this regard,an emergency map was developed with reference to the assessed vulnerabilities.展开更多
Social media platforms have proven to be effective for information gathering during emergency events caused by natural or human-made disasters.Emergency response authorities,law enforcement agencies,and the public can...Social media platforms have proven to be effective for information gathering during emergency events caused by natural or human-made disasters.Emergency response authorities,law enforcement agencies,and the public can use this information to gain situational awareness and improve disaster response.In case of emergencies,rapid responses are needed to address victims’requests for help.The research community has developed many social media platforms and used them effectively for emergency response and coordination in the past.However,most of the present deployments of platforms in crisis management are not automated,and their operational success largely depends on experts who analyze the information manually and coordinate with relevant humanitarian agencies or law enforcement authorities to initiate emergency response operations.The seamless integration of automatically identifying types of urgent needs from millions of posts and delivery of relevant information to the appropriate agency for timely response has become essential.This research project aims to develop a generalized Information Technology(IT)solution for emergency response and disaster management by integrating social media data as its core component.In this paper,we focused on text analysis techniques which can help the emergency response authorities to filter through the sheer amount of information gathered automatically for supporting their relief efforts.More specifically,we applied state-of-the-art Natural Language Processing(NLP),Machine Learning(ML),and Deep Learning(DL)techniques ranging from unsupervised to supervised learning for an in-depth analysis of social media data for the purpose of extracting real-time information on a critical event to facilitate emergency response in a crisis.As a proof of concept,a case study on the COVID-19 pandemic on the data collected from Twitter is presented,providing evidence that the scientific and operational goals have been achieved.展开更多
In Ireland, in 2008, pig feed manufactured from recycled human food became contaminated with dioxin and this led to a global recall of all Irish pork products produced from 1st September to 6th December 2008. This cas...In Ireland, in 2008, pig feed manufactured from recycled human food became contaminated with dioxin and this led to a global recall of all Irish pork products produced from 1st September to 6th December 2008. This case study illustrates several points a) the food chain is only as secure as its weakest link, b) due to the complexity of the modern food chain, once pork is processed, precise traceability to a particular farm of origin is impossible, c) even with a single food agency, overseeing the policing of the food chain, things can go wrong, d) it demonstrated the benefits of having credible consumer protection agencies to undertake scientific risk assessment and communicate with the public, e) if risk management decisions are taken quickly, and communicated in an open and transparent manner to the public, adverse human health effects can be avoided and consumer confidence can maintained, f) in the EU the legal limit for dioxins in pork fat is 1 picogram per gram (10-12 ) and attempting to communicate the risks associated with this level of contamination plus the concepts of bioaccumulation and body burden and the need for continued exposure to result in adverse health effects is extremely challenging, g) there was a major economic impact and damage to the country's reputation as a food exporter and finally h) it illustrates that prevention is better that crisis management. Other countries can learn lessons from this incident that may prevent similar occurrences in their jurisdictions.展开更多
Three monitor models of enterprise crisis were introduced,i.e.,the monitoring model of enterprise crisis based on intelligent Meta search,the enterprise crisis management model based on artificial neural network and t...Three monitor models of enterprise crisis were introduced,i.e.,the monitoring model of enterprise crisis based on intelligent Meta search,the enterprise crisis management model based on artificial neural network and the combined early-warning model.Combined with the advantages of cloud computing,the prominent crisis management models are improved and more efficient,comprehensive and accurate in enterprise crisis management.Through the empirical study of the models,cloud computing makes the early warning structures of enterprise crisis tend to be more simple and efficient,cloud computing can effectively enhance the recognition ability and learning ability of the crisis management,and cloud computing can keep data information updating and realize the dynamic management of enterprise joint early-warning.At the same time,according to the comparative analysis and the experimental result,the crisis management models based on cloud computing also need some improvements.展开更多
There are lots of management crisises in chinese enterprises with deve lopment of china's economy. There exists a bottle neck in the transition from m iddle-level to international level group for Chinese companies...There are lots of management crisises in chinese enterprises with deve lopment of china's economy. There exists a bottle neck in the transition from m iddle-level to international level group for Chinese companies. While the gener a l principles behind wise competition policy are well understood, their applicati on in particular industries and particular cases calls for careful analytical th inking. That thinking often includes economics. Innovation competition policy ca n be analyzed using the same general principles as other parts of competition po licy. It is important to understand innovation competition policy, because sever al kinds of innovation are important in the modern economy. How could such industries as software, semiconductors, and computers have been s o innovative despite historically weak patent protection? We argue that if innov ation is both sequential and complementary-as it certainly has been in those in dustries-competition can increase firms' future profits thus offsetting short- term dissipation of rents. A simple model also shows that in such a dynamic indu stry, patent protection may reduce overall innovation and social welfare. Standa rd arguments would predict that R&D intensity and productivity should have incre ased among patenting firms.展开更多
Countries have to pre-evaluate threats and risks that may incur their national security and national interests, take the necessary preventive measures timely, and pursue decisive policies within the limits of the poss...Countries have to pre-evaluate threats and risks that may incur their national security and national interests, take the necessary preventive measures timely, and pursue decisive policies within the limits of the possibilities of their national power, by keeping a close watch on ongoing and conceivable crises and new developments. Like statesmen, also the international security organizations have to foresee the coming or anticipated threats and opportunities, take the necessary precautions and when necessary even to react by using force. Starting from time of peace, all these require an effective crisis management system that would warn and manage the threats that would create such crises. There are, however, crisis management centers and situation rooms in the focal points of the physical substructure of the crisis management system. In this article, by looking at the attributions of an effective crisis management system, structure of the crisis management centers and situation rooms will be questioned at international and national levels.展开更多
Although the crisis always exist in the development of humanity, but the special theory of crisis developed very late. The climax of the crisis theory appeared in the West in the late 20th century, Japan Masao Takizaw...Although the crisis always exist in the development of humanity, but the special theory of crisis developed very late. The climax of the crisis theory appeared in the West in the late 20th century, Japan Masao Takizawa, a crisis management expert, believe that the definition of a crisis is " the possibility of accidents," and the management of crisis is the management of preventing loss, and therefore it is important to note how to save costs, and to achieve maximum effect. Crisis is a situation state, the fundamental objective of its decision-making theme is threatened, and there is very limited time available between decisions changing, which occurs as a surprise to the main body. Some scholars have tended to define it as a process of crisis, he said: the crisis is intense period of upheaval and collective period. During this time, the core values of everyday life and social system is threatened, and the threat is beyond our expectation, even unimaginable. This is the general definition used about the current crisis.展开更多
With the arrival ofthe era from the media, the internet spread over all sectors ofsocicty, affect people's political, economic and cultural life. The network has become the main place, people express their views so a...With the arrival ofthe era from the media, the internet spread over all sectors ofsocicty, affect people's political, economic and cultural life. The network has become the main place, people express their views so also. And the popularity of media enables consumers to easily express their products, services and other aspects of the topic, spread on the network at breakneck speed, and other users of the attention and support, thus forming a kind of public opinion, influence The development of enterprises, which will undoubtedly bring unprecedented pressure, constant attention, coupled with people's comments, forwarding, dissemination media, making the crisis spread, enterprises should not reasonable, effective, will enable enterprises to establish a sense of trust collapsed, brought a negative impact to the enterprise.展开更多
From the perspective of crisis management,this research is a critical discourse analysis of how United CEO extended corporate apologies to the stakeholders.The analysis of the text,discourse practice,and social practi...From the perspective of crisis management,this research is a critical discourse analysis of how United CEO extended corporate apologies to the stakeholders.The analysis of the text,discourse practice,and social practice under Fairclough’s threedimensional framework was conducted to explore apology discourse strategies employed by United CEO.The results revealed the interplay of corporate apology discourse,crisis management and social background and that United CEO’s apologies in the inter⁃view video failed to achieve crisis management.展开更多
Corona Virus Disease-2019(COVID-19)was reported at first in Wuhan city,China by December 2019.World Health Organization(WHO)declared COVID-19 as a pandemic i.e.,global health crisis onMarch 11,2020.The outbreak of COV...Corona Virus Disease-2019(COVID-19)was reported at first in Wuhan city,China by December 2019.World Health Organization(WHO)declared COVID-19 as a pandemic i.e.,global health crisis onMarch 11,2020.The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns to curb the spread,not only affected the economic status of a number of countries,but it also resulted in increased levels of Depression,Anxiety,and Stress(DAS)among people.Therefore,there is a need exists to comprehend the relationship among psycho-social factors in a country that is hypothetically affected by high levels of stress and fear;with tremendously-limitingmeasures of social distancing and lockdown in force;and with high rates of new cases and mortalities.With this motivation,the current study aims at investigating theDAS levels among college students during COVID-19 lockdown since they are identified as a highly-susceptible population.The current study proposes to develop Intelligent Feature Subset Selection withMachine Learning-based DAS predictive(IFSSML-DAS)model.The presented IFSSML-DAS model involves data preprocessing,Feature Subset Selection(FSS),classification,and parameter tuning.Besides,IFSSML-DAS model uses Group Gray Wolf Optimization based FSS(GGWO-FSS)technique to reduce the curse of dimensionality.In addition,Beetle Swarm Optimization based Least Square Support Vector Machine(BSO-LSSVM)model is also employed for classification in which the weight and bias parameters of the LSSVM model are optimally adjusted using BSO algorithm.The performance of the proposed IFSSML-DAS model was tested using a benchmark DASS-21 dataset and the results were investigated under different measures.The outcome of the study suggests the development of specialized programs to handleDAS among population so as to overcome COVID-19 crisis.展开更多
During a period of profound adjustments to the international power structure,China-US financial competition may intensify and lead to a crisis for the international financial system and even the international power sy...During a period of profound adjustments to the international power structure,China-US financial competition may intensify and lead to a crisis for the international financial system and even the international power system.The China-US financial relationship is structured in mainly four dimensions:the international monetary system,bilateral financial exchanges,the international financial system and the construction of international financial and/or economic concepts.Management of this competition relationship is thereby four-pronged:managing the relationship between the RMB and the US dollar in the international monetary system,the China-US bilateral creditor-debtor relationship,the indirect China-US relationship in global financial governance organizations and normative frameworks,and the divergence of both countries in regard to their economic ideologies.In particular,to stabilize the international monetary system,China should postpone the strategic confrontation between the RMB and the US dollar,strengthening their complementarity and cooperation based on market choice and their monetary function.Meanwhile,China should be prudent as a creditor to the United States,neither coerced by its over-reliance on American financial markets,nor tempted to weaponize the US debt by dumping US bonds.Also,before aiming for systematic reforms,China should first aim to become a stakeholder in the current global financial governance system by comprehensively accepting and becoming deeply integrated into it.Finally,China should avoid the economic competition model between China and the United States,and should instead apply the“Chinese Approach”to better facilitate solutions to international problems.These approaches to crisis management aim to help China endure this turbulent period of the international power system with more prudent strategies and policies,and to maintain a relatively stable international financial and economic environment for the sustained rise of its economy and for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.展开更多
This paper presents a comparative qualitative analysis of reputational crisis of four European banks, and explores how in recent years these companies have faced the manifestation of reputational risk. To achieve this...This paper presents a comparative qualitative analysis of reputational crisis of four European banks, and explores how in recent years these companies have faced the manifestation of reputational risk. To achieve this, the research follows three related steps: (1) to carry out a review of the literature on reputational risk in the banking sector aimed to identify the relationships between causes, effects, stakeholders, and key qualitative-quantitative variables involved during the reputational crisis of a bank; (2) to propose a conceptual framework for management of reputational risk (and reputational crisis) in banking; (3) to test this framework with the results of an empirical analysis, carried out through the observation of key variables of some reputational crisis of intemational banks. The main results show that: (1) the banks are not yet prepared to accurately manage a reputational crisis or to prevent them; (2) the reputational crisis is determined by several internal and external factors; (3) the conduct of the managers and the corporate communication are very important to overcome a reputational crisis. Finally, this research provides indications that will help banks to better manage their corporate reputation and prevent reputational crisis.展开更多
The 1923 Global Economic Crisis (also called "The Great Depression") that had hit the whole world, caused the economists and politicians to see more clearly. As it has become obvious several times after World War ...The 1923 Global Economic Crisis (also called "The Great Depression") that had hit the whole world, caused the economists and politicians to see more clearly. As it has become obvious several times after World War II., deep changes were needed to be done concerning economic processes. In those times, many smaller crises had risen in different countries, affecting their micro-economic structures, however neither of them had such widespread effects as the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, that has struck several economic sectors, most of all, the finance industry. Numerous studies had been carried out, examining the causes and consequences of the 2008 Crisis. In this study the authors will give an organized overview on the circumstances that characterized the outbreak of the crisis, and focus on the impacts of the events, in particular, its effects on Hungary. To manage the crisis, each country used different economic approaches, took different measures, but the main concept, that economic processes needed strict regulations, was globally accepted, or at least, identified. Regulation of the financial sector, more specifically, of accounting standards was and is of paramount importance. At the outbreak of the crisis, Hungarian economy had been in a unique situation, and directly after 2008, Hungarian economic indicators showed a more favorable economic state compared to Western European countries. This has occurred because of the government's stabilization fiscal and economic policies in the years preceding the depression, when they had been trying to compensate the financial and economic decisions made during the previous years. But these indicators soon have changed and began to demonstrate a more realistic picture and showed the true economic state of the country. Besides the financial area, the Crisis had affected-on account of foreign currency lending--a wide range of the Hungarian society as well.展开更多
After more than 40 years of development,China's travel agency industry has grown rapidly,but the situation of scattered,small,weak and poor has not fundamentally changed.The unexpected the public health event cris...After more than 40 years of development,China's travel agency industry has grown rapidly,but the situation of scattered,small,weak and poor has not fundamentally changed.The unexpected the public health event crisis of COVID-19 in 2020 has brought great influence on China's travel agency industry,which makes China's travel agency industry face double challenges at home and abroad,but also breeds opportunities for development.In the face of the crisis,China's travel agency industry has responded to it,trying to restore confidence and revive the economy.This paper puts forward some idea from the aspects of crisis management,marketing and product development,including the establishment and implementation of the normalized tourism public crisis response mechanism;the reconstruction of the tourism image of the travel agency industry;the strengthening of marketing,with special attention to new media marketing;the emphasis on natural education,and the enhancement of the upgrading of tourism products.展开更多
This case study presents the dilemma faced by a French university with Christian identity regarding a students’request to officially approve a club for the LGBTQ+community:which would be the most prudent response con...This case study presents the dilemma faced by a French university with Christian identity regarding a students’request to officially approve a club for the LGBTQ+community:which would be the most prudent response considering all matters involved?The case is disguised:it combines elements taken from very similar cases impacting today more than a few Catholic universities around the globe.Part A describes this university:history,principles and values,academic and financial information,relations with its stakeholders,etc.This part also describes its religious context and some relevant statistics regarding the LGTBQ+community.Finally,a series of opinions regarding the issue and how to answer the students’request presented in the form of an open discussion at the university’s steering committee provides different arguments in favor or against the approval.Part B offers some guidelines useful to take a prudent response considering all matters involved:legal,ethical,governance,and communicative.These guidelines are divided in three chapters:what should be the framework for such a discussion,strategic recommendations,and practical suggestions.Their aim is to provide a sort of a blueprint for university heads and administrators,to design a tailor-made response fitting the identity and stakeholders’map of their own university.展开更多
Pre-crisis management involves the optimal selection of relief and rescue centers to minimize vulnerability.Iran is particularly vulnerable due to its location on the Alpine-Himalaya seismic belt,resulting in an avera...Pre-crisis management involves the optimal selection of relief and rescue centers to minimize vulnerability.Iran is particularly vulnerable due to its location on the Alpine-Himalaya seismic belt,resulting in an average death rate six times higher than the global average during earthquakes.Therefore,selecting appropriate relief and rescue centers is crucial to Iran’s disaster preparedness.When selecting the placement of rescue centers,accessibility and the appropriateness of the land should be taken into account as well as the distance from high-risk areas.The location of these centers does not require any particular combinations.To address this issue,a study was conducted utilizing GIS,artificial neural networks,fuzzy logic,and mathematical models to determine the optimal placement based on 12 indicators within two clusters:natural and human.To examine the information layers of the initial stage,a spatial data repository concerning the variables impacting the placement of these centers was established using ARCGIS.Using functions and algorithms such as Fuzzy Logic in IDRISI,TOPSIS,and VIKOR software,the layers were assessed for weightage before being overlaid.The study’s analysis of the models used revealed that the positioning priority limits of the areas differed across all four models.Notably,the areas with high desirability varied to a greater extent:the fuzzy model varied by 9.3%,neural network by 12.4%,VIKOR by 4.5%,and TOPSIS by 16.2%.The variance in results can be attributed to the differing levels of risk acceptance and non-acceptance in each model.Additionally,the study yielded other significant findings such as the correlation between study area size and model accuracy.Specifically,smaller study areas exhibited higher model accuracy.The research also demonstrated that both fuzzy and VIKOR models achieved greater accuracy.As a result,employing these models in crisis management planning,particularly in pre-crisis management for identifying rescue center locations,would be highly advantageous and increase the precision of these endeavors.展开更多
This paper discusses the challenges in operational crisis management and describes the role of information and geo-spatial technologies in meeting those challenges.The paper discusses two main sources of data,Web and ...This paper discusses the challenges in operational crisis management and describes the role of information and geo-spatial technologies in meeting those challenges.The paper discusses two main sources of data,Web and very high resolution(VHR)earth observation sensors,in terms of relevance to crisis management and techniques for information extraction and analysis.Although research in information text extraction and analysis is more advanced than in information image extraction and analysis,further research is required in both these fields to take advantage of the increasing complexity but richness of open source and VHR satellite data.The paper also discusses the use of Web,GIS and Digital Earth technologies in facilitating collaborative work,decision-making and information sharing in crisis management.Despite exciting and relevant advances in information sources,information extraction and analysis methods,and collaborative crisis technologies,the main challenge remains to convince stakeholders in operational crisis management that the adoption of these technologies will lead to enhanced and effective crisis management.展开更多
With the chaotic nature surrounds them, the understanding of of disasters and the uncertainty that how to achieve effectiveness in crisis management remains limited. This paper investigates how government applies vari...With the chaotic nature surrounds them, the understanding of of disasters and the uncertainty that how to achieve effectiveness in crisis management remains limited. This paper investigates how government applies various capabilities in the crisis management process contingent upon the nature of different disasters. By demonstrating the crisis management process from a contingent perspective, the capabilities that government should emphasise can vary according to the nature of the disaster. This study develops a framework for crisis management to serve as a guide when government is facing a crisis.展开更多
文摘This study explores the integration of predictive analytics in strategic corporate communications, with a specific focus on stakeholder engagement and crisis management. Our mixed-methods approach, which combines a comprehensive literature review with case studies of five multinational corporations, allows us to investigate the applications, challenges, and ethical implications of leveraging predictive models in communication strategies. While our findings reveal significant potential for enhancing personalized content delivery, real-time sentiment analysis, and proactive crisis management, we stress the need for careful consideration of challenges such as data privacy concerns and algorithmic bias. This emphasis on ethical implementation is crucial in navigating the complex landscape of predictive analytics in corporate communications. To address these issues, we propose a framework that prioritizes ethical considerations. Furthermore, we identify key areas for future research, thereby contributing to the evolving field of data-driven communication management.
文摘The Taiwan Question China discussed in this paper belongs to the theoretical crisis discussion on international relations and does not regard the Cross-Strait relations as relations between different countries.The outcome of the 2024 Taiwan Election has a great impact on the Taiwan question,the latest poll shows that the possibility of the Democratic Progressive Party(DPP)candidate to come to power is still very high,because its political evolution trend of Taiwan independence still exists.
文摘The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how assessment of seismic vulnerability can be effective in protection against earthquakes.Findings are reported from a case study in a densely populated urban area near an active fault,utilizing practical methods and exact engineering data.Vulnerability factors were determined due to technical considerations,and a field campaign was performed to collect the required data.Multi-criteria decision making was carried out by means of an analytical hierarchy process including a fuzzy standardization.Earthquake scenarios were applied through an implicit vulnerability model.GIS was utilized and the results were analyzed by classifying the state of vulnerability in levels as very low,low,moderate,high,and very high.Seismic resilience was evaluated as vulnerabilities below the moderate state,being about 40% in an intensity of 6 Mercalli and less than 10% in 10 Mercalli.It is concluded that seismic resilience in the area studied is not acceptable,the area is vulnerable in the expected scenarios,and due to the high seismicity of the region,proper crisis management planning is required in parallel with attempts toward retrofitting.In this regard,an emergency map was developed with reference to the assessed vulnerabilities.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research&Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the Project Number 523.
文摘Social media platforms have proven to be effective for information gathering during emergency events caused by natural or human-made disasters.Emergency response authorities,law enforcement agencies,and the public can use this information to gain situational awareness and improve disaster response.In case of emergencies,rapid responses are needed to address victims’requests for help.The research community has developed many social media platforms and used them effectively for emergency response and coordination in the past.However,most of the present deployments of platforms in crisis management are not automated,and their operational success largely depends on experts who analyze the information manually and coordinate with relevant humanitarian agencies or law enforcement authorities to initiate emergency response operations.The seamless integration of automatically identifying types of urgent needs from millions of posts and delivery of relevant information to the appropriate agency for timely response has become essential.This research project aims to develop a generalized Information Technology(IT)solution for emergency response and disaster management by integrating social media data as its core component.In this paper,we focused on text analysis techniques which can help the emergency response authorities to filter through the sheer amount of information gathered automatically for supporting their relief efforts.More specifically,we applied state-of-the-art Natural Language Processing(NLP),Machine Learning(ML),and Deep Learning(DL)techniques ranging from unsupervised to supervised learning for an in-depth analysis of social media data for the purpose of extracting real-time information on a critical event to facilitate emergency response in a crisis.As a proof of concept,a case study on the COVID-19 pandemic on the data collected from Twitter is presented,providing evidence that the scientific and operational goals have been achieved.
文摘In Ireland, in 2008, pig feed manufactured from recycled human food became contaminated with dioxin and this led to a global recall of all Irish pork products produced from 1st September to 6th December 2008. This case study illustrates several points a) the food chain is only as secure as its weakest link, b) due to the complexity of the modern food chain, once pork is processed, precise traceability to a particular farm of origin is impossible, c) even with a single food agency, overseeing the policing of the food chain, things can go wrong, d) it demonstrated the benefits of having credible consumer protection agencies to undertake scientific risk assessment and communicate with the public, e) if risk management decisions are taken quickly, and communicated in an open and transparent manner to the public, adverse human health effects can be avoided and consumer confidence can maintained, f) in the EU the legal limit for dioxins in pork fat is 1 picogram per gram (10-12 ) and attempting to communicate the risks associated with this level of contamination plus the concepts of bioaccumulation and body burden and the need for continued exposure to result in adverse health effects is extremely challenging, g) there was a major economic impact and damage to the country's reputation as a food exporter and finally h) it illustrates that prevention is better that crisis management. Other countries can learn lessons from this incident that may prevent similar occurrences in their jurisdictions.
基金The Central College Fund Free Exploration Projects,China(No.14D111002)The Research Achievements of Shanghai Public Crisis of Cross-Border Governance Research Achievements,China(No.15D111001)
文摘Three monitor models of enterprise crisis were introduced,i.e.,the monitoring model of enterprise crisis based on intelligent Meta search,the enterprise crisis management model based on artificial neural network and the combined early-warning model.Combined with the advantages of cloud computing,the prominent crisis management models are improved and more efficient,comprehensive and accurate in enterprise crisis management.Through the empirical study of the models,cloud computing makes the early warning structures of enterprise crisis tend to be more simple and efficient,cloud computing can effectively enhance the recognition ability and learning ability of the crisis management,and cloud computing can keep data information updating and realize the dynamic management of enterprise joint early-warning.At the same time,according to the comparative analysis and the experimental result,the crisis management models based on cloud computing also need some improvements.
文摘There are lots of management crisises in chinese enterprises with deve lopment of china's economy. There exists a bottle neck in the transition from m iddle-level to international level group for Chinese companies. While the gener a l principles behind wise competition policy are well understood, their applicati on in particular industries and particular cases calls for careful analytical th inking. That thinking often includes economics. Innovation competition policy ca n be analyzed using the same general principles as other parts of competition po licy. It is important to understand innovation competition policy, because sever al kinds of innovation are important in the modern economy. How could such industries as software, semiconductors, and computers have been s o innovative despite historically weak patent protection? We argue that if innov ation is both sequential and complementary-as it certainly has been in those in dustries-competition can increase firms' future profits thus offsetting short- term dissipation of rents. A simple model also shows that in such a dynamic indu stry, patent protection may reduce overall innovation and social welfare. Standa rd arguments would predict that R&D intensity and productivity should have incre ased among patenting firms.
文摘Countries have to pre-evaluate threats and risks that may incur their national security and national interests, take the necessary preventive measures timely, and pursue decisive policies within the limits of the possibilities of their national power, by keeping a close watch on ongoing and conceivable crises and new developments. Like statesmen, also the international security organizations have to foresee the coming or anticipated threats and opportunities, take the necessary precautions and when necessary even to react by using force. Starting from time of peace, all these require an effective crisis management system that would warn and manage the threats that would create such crises. There are, however, crisis management centers and situation rooms in the focal points of the physical substructure of the crisis management system. In this article, by looking at the attributions of an effective crisis management system, structure of the crisis management centers and situation rooms will be questioned at international and national levels.
文摘Although the crisis always exist in the development of humanity, but the special theory of crisis developed very late. The climax of the crisis theory appeared in the West in the late 20th century, Japan Masao Takizawa, a crisis management expert, believe that the definition of a crisis is " the possibility of accidents," and the management of crisis is the management of preventing loss, and therefore it is important to note how to save costs, and to achieve maximum effect. Crisis is a situation state, the fundamental objective of its decision-making theme is threatened, and there is very limited time available between decisions changing, which occurs as a surprise to the main body. Some scholars have tended to define it as a process of crisis, he said: the crisis is intense period of upheaval and collective period. During this time, the core values of everyday life and social system is threatened, and the threat is beyond our expectation, even unimaginable. This is the general definition used about the current crisis.
文摘With the arrival ofthe era from the media, the internet spread over all sectors ofsocicty, affect people's political, economic and cultural life. The network has become the main place, people express their views so also. And the popularity of media enables consumers to easily express their products, services and other aspects of the topic, spread on the network at breakneck speed, and other users of the attention and support, thus forming a kind of public opinion, influence The development of enterprises, which will undoubtedly bring unprecedented pressure, constant attention, coupled with people's comments, forwarding, dissemination media, making the crisis spread, enterprises should not reasonable, effective, will enable enterprises to establish a sense of trust collapsed, brought a negative impact to the enterprise.
文摘From the perspective of crisis management,this research is a critical discourse analysis of how United CEO extended corporate apologies to the stakeholders.The analysis of the text,discourse practice,and social practice under Fairclough’s threedimensional framework was conducted to explore apology discourse strategies employed by United CEO.The results revealed the interplay of corporate apology discourse,crisis management and social background and that United CEO’s apologies in the inter⁃view video failed to achieve crisis management.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work under Grant Number(RGP 2/25/42),www.kku.edu.sa.This research was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University through the Fast-track Research Funding Program.
文摘Corona Virus Disease-2019(COVID-19)was reported at first in Wuhan city,China by December 2019.World Health Organization(WHO)declared COVID-19 as a pandemic i.e.,global health crisis onMarch 11,2020.The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns to curb the spread,not only affected the economic status of a number of countries,but it also resulted in increased levels of Depression,Anxiety,and Stress(DAS)among people.Therefore,there is a need exists to comprehend the relationship among psycho-social factors in a country that is hypothetically affected by high levels of stress and fear;with tremendously-limitingmeasures of social distancing and lockdown in force;and with high rates of new cases and mortalities.With this motivation,the current study aims at investigating theDAS levels among college students during COVID-19 lockdown since they are identified as a highly-susceptible population.The current study proposes to develop Intelligent Feature Subset Selection withMachine Learning-based DAS predictive(IFSSML-DAS)model.The presented IFSSML-DAS model involves data preprocessing,Feature Subset Selection(FSS),classification,and parameter tuning.Besides,IFSSML-DAS model uses Group Gray Wolf Optimization based FSS(GGWO-FSS)technique to reduce the curse of dimensionality.In addition,Beetle Swarm Optimization based Least Square Support Vector Machine(BSO-LSSVM)model is also employed for classification in which the weight and bias parameters of the LSSVM model are optimally adjusted using BSO algorithm.The performance of the proposed IFSSML-DAS model was tested using a benchmark DASS-21 dataset and the results were investigated under different measures.The outcome of the study suggests the development of specialized programs to handleDAS among population so as to overcome COVID-19 crisis.
文摘During a period of profound adjustments to the international power structure,China-US financial competition may intensify and lead to a crisis for the international financial system and even the international power system.The China-US financial relationship is structured in mainly four dimensions:the international monetary system,bilateral financial exchanges,the international financial system and the construction of international financial and/or economic concepts.Management of this competition relationship is thereby four-pronged:managing the relationship between the RMB and the US dollar in the international monetary system,the China-US bilateral creditor-debtor relationship,the indirect China-US relationship in global financial governance organizations and normative frameworks,and the divergence of both countries in regard to their economic ideologies.In particular,to stabilize the international monetary system,China should postpone the strategic confrontation between the RMB and the US dollar,strengthening their complementarity and cooperation based on market choice and their monetary function.Meanwhile,China should be prudent as a creditor to the United States,neither coerced by its over-reliance on American financial markets,nor tempted to weaponize the US debt by dumping US bonds.Also,before aiming for systematic reforms,China should first aim to become a stakeholder in the current global financial governance system by comprehensively accepting and becoming deeply integrated into it.Finally,China should avoid the economic competition model between China and the United States,and should instead apply the“Chinese Approach”to better facilitate solutions to international problems.These approaches to crisis management aim to help China endure this turbulent period of the international power system with more prudent strategies and policies,and to maintain a relatively stable international financial and economic environment for the sustained rise of its economy and for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
文摘This paper presents a comparative qualitative analysis of reputational crisis of four European banks, and explores how in recent years these companies have faced the manifestation of reputational risk. To achieve this, the research follows three related steps: (1) to carry out a review of the literature on reputational risk in the banking sector aimed to identify the relationships between causes, effects, stakeholders, and key qualitative-quantitative variables involved during the reputational crisis of a bank; (2) to propose a conceptual framework for management of reputational risk (and reputational crisis) in banking; (3) to test this framework with the results of an empirical analysis, carried out through the observation of key variables of some reputational crisis of intemational banks. The main results show that: (1) the banks are not yet prepared to accurately manage a reputational crisis or to prevent them; (2) the reputational crisis is determined by several internal and external factors; (3) the conduct of the managers and the corporate communication are very important to overcome a reputational crisis. Finally, this research provides indications that will help banks to better manage their corporate reputation and prevent reputational crisis.
文摘The 1923 Global Economic Crisis (also called "The Great Depression") that had hit the whole world, caused the economists and politicians to see more clearly. As it has become obvious several times after World War II., deep changes were needed to be done concerning economic processes. In those times, many smaller crises had risen in different countries, affecting their micro-economic structures, however neither of them had such widespread effects as the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, that has struck several economic sectors, most of all, the finance industry. Numerous studies had been carried out, examining the causes and consequences of the 2008 Crisis. In this study the authors will give an organized overview on the circumstances that characterized the outbreak of the crisis, and focus on the impacts of the events, in particular, its effects on Hungary. To manage the crisis, each country used different economic approaches, took different measures, but the main concept, that economic processes needed strict regulations, was globally accepted, or at least, identified. Regulation of the financial sector, more specifically, of accounting standards was and is of paramount importance. At the outbreak of the crisis, Hungarian economy had been in a unique situation, and directly after 2008, Hungarian economic indicators showed a more favorable economic state compared to Western European countries. This has occurred because of the government's stabilization fiscal and economic policies in the years preceding the depression, when they had been trying to compensate the financial and economic decisions made during the previous years. But these indicators soon have changed and began to demonstrate a more realistic picture and showed the true economic state of the country. Besides the financial area, the Crisis had affected-on account of foreign currency lending--a wide range of the Hungarian society as well.
文摘After more than 40 years of development,China's travel agency industry has grown rapidly,but the situation of scattered,small,weak and poor has not fundamentally changed.The unexpected the public health event crisis of COVID-19 in 2020 has brought great influence on China's travel agency industry,which makes China's travel agency industry face double challenges at home and abroad,but also breeds opportunities for development.In the face of the crisis,China's travel agency industry has responded to it,trying to restore confidence and revive the economy.This paper puts forward some idea from the aspects of crisis management,marketing and product development,including the establishment and implementation of the normalized tourism public crisis response mechanism;the reconstruction of the tourism image of the travel agency industry;the strengthening of marketing,with special attention to new media marketing;the emphasis on natural education,and the enhancement of the upgrading of tourism products.
文摘This case study presents the dilemma faced by a French university with Christian identity regarding a students’request to officially approve a club for the LGBTQ+community:which would be the most prudent response considering all matters involved?The case is disguised:it combines elements taken from very similar cases impacting today more than a few Catholic universities around the globe.Part A describes this university:history,principles and values,academic and financial information,relations with its stakeholders,etc.This part also describes its religious context and some relevant statistics regarding the LGTBQ+community.Finally,a series of opinions regarding the issue and how to answer the students’request presented in the form of an open discussion at the university’s steering committee provides different arguments in favor or against the approval.Part B offers some guidelines useful to take a prudent response considering all matters involved:legal,ethical,governance,and communicative.These guidelines are divided in three chapters:what should be the framework for such a discussion,strategic recommendations,and practical suggestions.Their aim is to provide a sort of a blueprint for university heads and administrators,to design a tailor-made response fitting the identity and stakeholders’map of their own university.
文摘Pre-crisis management involves the optimal selection of relief and rescue centers to minimize vulnerability.Iran is particularly vulnerable due to its location on the Alpine-Himalaya seismic belt,resulting in an average death rate six times higher than the global average during earthquakes.Therefore,selecting appropriate relief and rescue centers is crucial to Iran’s disaster preparedness.When selecting the placement of rescue centers,accessibility and the appropriateness of the land should be taken into account as well as the distance from high-risk areas.The location of these centers does not require any particular combinations.To address this issue,a study was conducted utilizing GIS,artificial neural networks,fuzzy logic,and mathematical models to determine the optimal placement based on 12 indicators within two clusters:natural and human.To examine the information layers of the initial stage,a spatial data repository concerning the variables impacting the placement of these centers was established using ARCGIS.Using functions and algorithms such as Fuzzy Logic in IDRISI,TOPSIS,and VIKOR software,the layers were assessed for weightage before being overlaid.The study’s analysis of the models used revealed that the positioning priority limits of the areas differed across all four models.Notably,the areas with high desirability varied to a greater extent:the fuzzy model varied by 9.3%,neural network by 12.4%,VIKOR by 4.5%,and TOPSIS by 16.2%.The variance in results can be attributed to the differing levels of risk acceptance and non-acceptance in each model.Additionally,the study yielded other significant findings such as the correlation between study area size and model accuracy.Specifically,smaller study areas exhibited higher model accuracy.The research also demonstrated that both fuzzy and VIKOR models achieved greater accuracy.As a result,employing these models in crisis management planning,particularly in pre-crisis management for identifying rescue center locations,would be highly advantageous and increase the precision of these endeavors.
文摘This paper discusses the challenges in operational crisis management and describes the role of information and geo-spatial technologies in meeting those challenges.The paper discusses two main sources of data,Web and very high resolution(VHR)earth observation sensors,in terms of relevance to crisis management and techniques for information extraction and analysis.Although research in information text extraction and analysis is more advanced than in information image extraction and analysis,further research is required in both these fields to take advantage of the increasing complexity but richness of open source and VHR satellite data.The paper also discusses the use of Web,GIS and Digital Earth technologies in facilitating collaborative work,decision-making and information sharing in crisis management.Despite exciting and relevant advances in information sources,information extraction and analysis methods,and collaborative crisis technologies,the main challenge remains to convince stakeholders in operational crisis management that the adoption of these technologies will lead to enhanced and effective crisis management.
文摘With the chaotic nature surrounds them, the understanding of of disasters and the uncertainty that how to achieve effectiveness in crisis management remains limited. This paper investigates how government applies various capabilities in the crisis management process contingent upon the nature of different disasters. By demonstrating the crisis management process from a contingent perspective, the capabilities that government should emphasise can vary according to the nature of the disaster. This study develops a framework for crisis management to serve as a guide when government is facing a crisis.