Analytical and Experimental Studies on Critical Blank-holder Forces in Cylindrical cup deep drawing

Based on the plastic deformation theory and energy method, the critical blank-holder forces (BHF) of wrinkling and fracture in the cylindrical cup deep-drawing are analyzed. The verify experiments were performed and compared with the theory analysis results. The predictions agree well with the experiment results. Thus, the validated presenttheoretical analysis model may be applied to determinate the suitable BHF.

The Effect of Variable Blank-Holder Forces on the Formability of Aluminum Alloy Sheets during Sheet Metal Forming

In this paper, the effect of variable Blank-holder forces (VBHF) on the strain path during sheet metal forming has been investigated by numerical simulation and experiments. The formability of select aluminum alloy sheet was evaluated by theory prediction of forming limit curve based on the M-K method. The effect of different VBHF on the formability was presented. In order to verify the predictions of strain path, experiments are being carried out using a recently-built multi-points variable blank-holder forces hydraulic press. The results show that large side BHF with small comer BHF during rectangular box deep drawing can improve the formability of the selected aluminum alloy

Critical Thrust Force Forecasting for Drilling Exit Delamination of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics

Exit delamination is excessive drilling thrust force.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the critical thrust force which cause exit delamination when carbon fibre reinforced plastics(CRFP)is drilled.According to the linear elastic fracture mechanics,the mechanics of composite material and the classical thin plate bending theory,a common theoretical model of the critical drilling thrust force for CFRP plates is established.Compared with the experimental data of previous studies,the results show that the theoretical values agree well with the experimental values.This model can be used to forecast the critical thrust force for the drilling-induced delamination of CFRP.

Analysis on Critical Force of Unidirectional CFRP Slender Column

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP) has such characteristics as light weight, high strength and corrosion resistance, so it is suitable for corrosive environment and large-span structures. This study investigated the stability of CFRP slender column, whose slenderness is greater than Euler’s critical load. The columns in this study were formed by a two-step process and the fiber direction was along the same direction of column axis. Firstly, we obtained the basic mechanical properties of the material by tensile experiment. Then, we studied the critical force of 10 CFRP columns with different lengths and widths by axial compression test. Finally, by comparing Euler’s formula with the modified Euler formula and combining with existing literature and experimental result of this paper, we proposed a modified Perry formula which could well predict the critical force of unidirectional CFRP extruded column and could be used for CFRP extruded column research and engineering design.

FRACTAL DIMENSIONALITY AND CRITICAL EXTENSION FORCE

Using gauge field theory of defects,the effective critical extension force in elastic-plastic fracture mechanics was given.The rationality of logarithm of effective extension force as a linear function of the fractal dimensionality of the fracture surface was analyzed in theory. The explanation in approach to studying material toughness using fractal has been clarified.

Role of Interatomic Force to Critical Resolved Shear Stress of Single Crystals

Experimental results of the temperature dependence of critical resolved. shear stresses (CRSS)of Mo, Fe, Al and Mg single crystals are shown. Associating reports in recent years, we point out that the approximate exponential relationship between CRSS and the absolute temperatureat least in the region of the steep temperature dependence range of many materials is more common, even for bcc, fcc, and hcp single crystals. polycrystals and other covalent crystals,provided that the slip plane and slip direction are kept the same. Successful explanation with atomic force law shows that the interatomic forces (electronic structure) play a decisive role in determining the temperature dependence of yield stresses for a large number of materials.

Forced Convection Boiling Heat Transfer and Dryout Characteristics in Helical Coiled Tubes with Various Axial Angles

对水和水蒸汽汽液两相流体在螺旋轴呈各种倾角放置的螺旋管内强制对流沸腾传热与烧毁特性进行了系统地试验研究，试验中系统及结构参数范围如下：压力：Ｐ＝０．４～３．０ＭＰａ质量流速：Ｇ＝１００～２４００ｋｇ／ｍ２·ｓ进口水温：Ｔ＝３０～８０℃出口干度：ｘ＝－０．０５～１．２管内壁面热负荷：ｑ＝０～５４０ｋＥ／ｍ２试验段结构参数：总长Ｌ＝６４４８ｍｍ，管内径ｄ＝１１ｍｍ，螺旋直径Ｄ＝２５６ｍｍ，螺旋升角β＝４．２７°螺旋管轴向放置倾角：水平位置（０°）、向上倾斜４５°（＋４５°）、垂直向上（＋９０°）、向下倾斜４５°（－４５°）．共进行了１０５０个工况的试验．试验结果表明，螺旋管内汽液两相流强制对流沸腾传热可以划分为核态沸腾区、两相流强制对流区、烧毁及烧毁后传热区等３种区域．通过数据处理和分析总结，给出了３区域间转变的边界方程，和３个区域内两相流传热系数的计算公式．根据试验观察和数据结果，对烧毁现象及烧毁点或区域发生的条件及机理进行了深入的分析研究，发现一系列有关现象的规律和特点，指出了其主要影响因素，并给出了烧毁点临界质量干度的预报公式．

Back analysis of general slope under earthquake forces using upper bound theorem

Long time monitoring is acquired to obtain the displacement data for displacement-based geotechnical material back analysis, and these data are hard to be measured under some special condition, such as earthquake. For a simple homogeneous slope, the position of a critical failure surface is determined by value of c/tan ~b. Utilizing upper bound theorem of limit analysis, the external work rate and internal energy for normal slope under earthquake forces are given, and the formula for minimum safety factor is derived. On this basis, the equation of slip surface and the surface depth of a given position are solved. In this way, the strength parameter can be analyzed by known slip surface depth. For practical use, the surface depth for a given slope under varying strength parameter is presented. Finally, two examples are given to show its simplicity and effectiveness.

Friction force effects on vertical manipulation of nanoparticles

In humid environment,a particles can be picked up from the substrate by the capillary force,such as in the colloidal probe of atomic force microscopy technique.In this paper,a model of the capillary bridge between spherical particles is used to study effect of the friction force in nanoparticles manipulation.Based on the Young-Laplace equation,Newtonian equation and adopted the constant volume boundary condition to calculate the particle motion,the friction force effects on nanoparticles manipulation are analyzed.The results show that the friction force has little effect on the particle motion,and the particle velocity decreases slightly in presence of the friction force.The friction force is opposed to the motion of the nanoparticle.As the tip velocity increases,there is a critical velocity beyond that the particle cannot be picked up from the substrate,and the critical velocity decreases in presence of the friction force.These provide a better understanding of the nanoparticle mechanical properties in humid environment.

Slowing down critical transitions via Gaussian white noise and periodic force

Stochastic perturbations and periodic excitations are generally regarded as sources to induce critical transitions in complex systems. However, we find that they are also able to slow down an imminent critical transition. To illustrate this phenomenon, a periodically driven bistable eutrophication model with Gaussian white noise is introduced as a prototype class of real systems.The residence probability(RP) is presented to measure the possibility that the given system stays in the oligotrophic state versus Gaussian white noise and periodic force. Variations in the mean first passage time(MFPT) and the mean velocity(MV) of the first right-crossing process are also calculated respectively. We show that the frequency of the periodic force can increase the MFPT while reduce the MV under different control parameters. Nevertheless, the noise intensity or the amplitude may result in an increase of the RP only in the case of control parameters approaching the critical values. Furthermore, for an impending critical transition, an increase of the RP appears with the interaction between the amplitude and noise intensity or the combination of the noise intensity and frequency, while the interaction of the frequency and amplitude leads to an extension of the MFPT or a decrease of the MV. As a result, an increase of the RP and MFPT, and a decrease of the MVobtained from our results claim that it is possible to slow down an imminent critical transition via Gaussian white noise and periodic force.

Deep drawing of 6A16 aluminum alloy for automobile body with various blank-holder forces

Based on the ABAQUS/explicit finite element method,the deep drawing of 6A16 alloy pre-aged and then storaged at room temperature for 1 week with various blank-holder forces(10,14,18 kN) was studied.The distribution and variation of stress and strain in deformation zones were investigated to drive the forming property and process of the alloy.Besides,the simulation result was verified combined with the deep drawing experiments.The results show that the stress and strain of the deformation zone have an incremental trend with the blank-holder force increasing while the deformation degree and grain size within a certain deformation zone have an obvious increase and an enlargement,respectively.After the deep drawing,the hardness of products also increases with the enhancement of blank-holder force.The blank-holder force of 18 kN is certified as the preferential one by the analysis of microstructure and simulation results.

Exponential Attractors of the Nonclassical Diffusion Equations with Lower Regular Forcing Term

In this article, we prove the existence of exponential attractors of the nonclassical diffusion equation with critical nonlinearity and lower regular forcing term. As an additional product, we show that the fractal dimension of the global attractors of this problem is finite.

Theoretical critical value curve and driving force formation of ecological migration in the arid land

干旱陆地的易碎的 eco 环境的特征确定它骚乱抵抗的能力更低。在干旱陆地的自然荒芜的绿洲在在宽 Gobi 沙漠散布的马赛克补丁。人口分发是极大地依赖于水资源。人口与驱散的分发，简单生产和生活被描绘风格，和贫穷和遥远。生态的迁居被执行的原因躺在生态的问题。生态的降级是生态的迁居的主要驱动力。然后，驱动力的力量取决于生态的降级的度。因此，是否执行生态的移植取决于生态的降级的程度。理论上，为在干旱陆地的精明的生态的移植的批评的值曲线通过生态学的相对问题的全面研究被提出，经济等等，在干旱陆地与生态的移植经验结合了，并且基于干旱环境的特征。在这篇文章，与这条曲线，理论研究和生态的迁居的一些实践从不做作的行为和生态的移植的驱动力形成的政府行为的观点被做了。它分析活跃驱动力(因素) 和否定力量(因素) ，并且指出预定和在干旱陆地实现生态的迁居的步骤。理论曲线表达某些创见和适用性，它为为实现生态的迁居工程评估生态的降级和理论底的度提供一个量的方法。

Critical driving force for martensitic transformation fcc (γ)→hcp(ε) in Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloys

By the application of Chou's new geometry model and the available data from binary Fe?Mn, Fe?Si and Mn?Si systems, as well as SGTE DATA for lattice stability parameters of three elements from Dinsdale, the Gibbs free energy as a function of temperature of the fcc(γ) and hcp(ε) phases in the Fe?Mn?Si system is reevaluated. The relationship between the Neel temperature of the γ phase and concentration of constituents in mole fraction,T N γ =67x Fe+540x Mn+x Fe x Mn[761+689(x Fe?x Mn)]?850x si, is fitted and verified by the experimental results. The critical driving force for the martensitic transformation fcc(γ)→hcp(ε), ΔG C γ→ε , defined as the free energy difference between γ and ε phases atM s of various alloys can also be obtained with a knownM s . It is found that the driving force varies with the composition of alloys, e. g. ΔG C γ→ε =?100.99 J/mol in Fe?27.0Mn?6.0Si and ΔG C γy→ε =?122.11 J/mol in Fe?26.9Mn?3.37Si. The compositional dependence of critical driving force accorded with the expression formulated by Hsu of the critical driving force for fcc(γ)→hcp(ε) transformation in alloys with low stacking fault energy (SFE), i. e. ΔG C γ→ε =A·γ+B, where γ is the stacking fault energy (SFE) andA andB are constants related to materials.

以发展新质生产力提升水安全保障能力的逻辑机理与关键路径

在实现水利高质量发展过程中,“高科技、高效能、高质量”的新质生产力特征已逐渐显现。发展新质生产力、提升水安全保障能力在发展理念、目标指向、实施动力等关键要素上具有内在的逻辑契合性。提升水安全保障能力,需精准对接新质生产力需求,加快实现水利高水平科技自立自强,培养卓越水利科技创新人才,形成与新质生产力相适应的新型生产关系。

梯度多孔金属材料梁的屈曲和屈曲基础上的振动

为研究梯度多孔金属材料梁的屈曲以及屈曲附近的振动特性,首先建立了随从分布压力下梯度多孔材料梁的动力学控制方程,得到了描述后屈曲的静态控制微分方程和描述屈曲前后振动响应的控制方程。通过打靶法数值求解两组强非线性方程,获得了简支-固支梯度多孔梁的屈曲临界载荷以及屈曲前后振动频率与载荷之间的关系曲线。分析了孔隙率系数和孔隙分布方式对屈曲临界载荷和屈曲前后振动频率的影响。结果表明,随着孔隙率系数e 0的增加,发生屈曲时的临界载荷减小;各阶固有频率也减小。屈曲前,各阶振动频率随载荷增大而减小,屈曲后,除三阶频率外,一阶和二阶频率随载荷增大而增大。

轴压荷载下装配式SCCT剪力墙钢板屈曲行为研究

为探究装配式SCCT剪力墙钢板屈曲机制及钢板屈曲对墙体轴压承载性能的影响,建立了考虑钢材初始缺陷的装配式SCCT剪力墙非线性数值分析模型,对模型受力机理及钢板临界屈曲应力进行了分析,并根据参数分析结果提出了钢板临界屈曲应力计算方法。结果表明:墙体承载力主要由管内混凝土承担,各部件间协同工作,应力及变形传递性能良好;当管外混凝土厚度大于20 mm、钢材初始缺陷低于1/1000时,二者对钢板临界屈曲应力影响可忽略不计;对于Q235和Q355常用钢,要求钢板不发生弹性屈曲的距厚比限值分别为44.9、36.6。

考虑系梁作用高墩刚构桥整体稳定的实用算法

研究目的:高墩刚构桥柱式高墩间常常设置系梁,目前计算高墩刚构桥整体稳定主要有计算长度系数法和有限元法,计算长度系数法须逐根桥墩计算且无法考虑不同系梁间桥墩段的影响,有限元法由于计算理论和方法都隐含在软件中,如何对计算结果的准确性和可靠性进行验证又是必须解决的难题。为此,本文基于摇摆柱受力特点通过结构转换的概念将确定柱式高墩刚构桥整体稳定的二阶计算转化为确定其整体抗侧刚度的一阶问题。研究结论:(1)本文提供了一种通过结构抗侧刚度求解高墩刚构桥整体稳定临界力的计算方法;(2)本文给出了柱式高墩刚构桥整体稳定临界力的计算公式,该式能考虑柱墩之间系梁的影响,弥补了规范计算长度系数法的不足,具有很好的精度及准确性,可为校核有限元整体稳定计算结果的可靠性提供一种解析验证手段;(3)本文研究成果可供桥梁工程设计和理论计算使用。

基于大高宽比CD-AFM探针的设计与制备

针对传统原子力显微镜(AFM)探针和关键尺寸原子力显微镜(CD-AFM)探针受限于针尖有效扫描高度较低,无法对深沟槽和大悬垂侧壁结构进行精准扫描成像的问题,提出了一种大高宽比针尖结构的新型CDAFM探针设计与制备方案。开发的新型CD-AFM探针针尖有效高度为5.1~5.8μm,高宽比达到14,相较于传统硅基CD-AFM探针,其有效高度提升了约4倍。利用开发的探针完成了标称深度为2.3μm、深宽比为4.6的深沟槽样品测试。

多层剪切型支撑钢框架整体稳定性的解析算法研究

剪切型支撑钢框架整体稳定计算需考虑钢框架与剪切型支撑之间的相互作用,还需要考虑同层柱间的相互支援以及层与层之间的支援作用,规范计算长度系数法无法考虑这些因素可能会造成不合理设计。提出了一种计算多层剪切型支撑钢框架整体稳定性的解析算法,首先分析了支撑刚度与结构临界承载力之间的关系,推导了层临界支撑刚度计算公式,接着利用弹簧-摇摆柱力学模型推导了任意支撑下框架柱临界刚度比系数计算公式,然后将各楼层的有效抗侧刚度及荷载刚度进行楼层间的组装,将求解剪切型支撑钢框架的临界承载力转化为求解结构的楼层有效抗侧刚度,最后基于轴力权重加权平均的方法推导了可直接求解多层剪切型支撑钢框架临界承载力的计算公式,该公式能够判断结构的薄弱层,可以定量地计算楼层之间相互支援程度,有效地弥补规范尚无法求解弱支撑钢框架柱计算长度系数的不足。